Population growth
Population growth (annual %)
Link with national income-0.50partly income-linked
Links that hold up8of 158 pairs tested
Unit% per yearhigher is neither better nor worse
SourceWDICC BY 4.0
How it has moved
Loading…
Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
Loading…
Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population growth and Tobacco useWhere Population growth is higher, Tobacco use tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | -0.46 | -0.43 | 0.030 | 164 | independent |
| Population growth and HDIWhere Population growth is higher, HDI tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. HDI by country | -0.52 | -0.33 | 0.032 | 187 | proxy |
| Population growth and Hospital bedsWhere Population growth is higher, Hospital beds tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Hospital beds by country | -0.47 | -0.32 | 0.007 | 171 | high |
| Population growth and Gender Development IndexWhere Population growth is higher, Gender Development Index tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Gender Development Index by country | -0.48 | -0.29 | 0.038 | 180 | high |
| Population growth and Religious attendanceWhere Population growth is higher, Religious attendance tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Religious attendance by country | +0.50 | +0.29 | 0.036 | 105 | high |
| Population growth and Child stuntingWhere Population growth is higher, Child stunting tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Child stunting by country | +0.52 | +0.27 | 0.036 | 156 | proxy |
| Population growth and Road traffic deathsWhere Population growth is higher, Road traffic deaths tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Road traffic deaths by country | +0.47 | +0.25 | 0.038 | 183 | high |
| Population growth and Age at childbearingComparing only countries with similar income, Age at childbearing tends to be higher where Population growth is higher: the opposite of the unadjusted figure, which only showed the income gap between countries. Age at childbearing by country | -0.04 | +0.20 | 0.025 | 199 | moderate |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 133 countries reporting all of them, and 70 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27% | — |
| 2 | 27% | +0% |
| 3 | 44% | +16% |
| 4 | 50% | +7% |
| 5 | 51% | +1% |
| 6 | 53% | +2% |
This measure sits on one of the smaller patterns, not on the one all the measures share.
How it differs by category
This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.
The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.
| Grouped by | Between groups | After income | q | Groups at each end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last European coloniser | 0.36 | 0.24 | 0.105 | fastest: France 2.11% · slowest: Spain 0.951% % per year |
| Largest religious group | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.022 | fastest: Muslims 1.72% · slowest: Christians 1.02% % per year |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
150 of 150
| Population growth and Birth rateComparing only countries with similar income it is still +0.60, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Birth rate by country | +0.66 | +0.60 | 0.100 | 199 | proxy |
| Population growth and Fertility rateComparing only countries with similar income it is still +0.53, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Fertility rate by country | +0.64 | +0.53 | 0.158 | 199 | proxy |
| Population growth and Population 0-14Comparing only countries with similar income it is still +0.50, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Population 0-14 by country | +0.61 | +0.50 | 0.119 | 199 | proxy |
| Population growth and Median ageComparing only countries with similar income it is still -0.47, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Median age by country | -0.61 | -0.47 | 0.057 | 199 | proxy |
| Population growth and Population 65+Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.45) could easily be chance. Population 65+ by country | -0.61 | -0.45 | 0.050 | 199 | high |
| Population growth and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country | -0.36 | -0.43 | 0.091 | 42 | independent |
| Population growth and Education scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.42) could easily be chance. Education score by country | -0.59 | -0.42 | 0.116 | 191 | proxy |
| Population growth and PISA readingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA reading by country | -0.20 | -0.41 | 0.280 | 87 | high |
| Population growth and PISA scienceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA science by country | -0.19 | -0.40 | 0.297 | 87 | high |
| Population growth and Trust in governmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trust in government by country | +0.41 | +0.39 | 0.145 | 47 | moderate |
| Population growth and Recycling rateAlmost no link either way. Recycling rate by country | -0.07 | -0.39 | 0.238 | 35 | moderate |
| Population growth and Electricity accessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.39) could easily be chance. Electricity access by country | -0.57 | -0.39 | 0.228 | 198 | high |
| Population growth and PISA mathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA maths by country | -0.18 | -0.38 | 0.253 | 87 | high |
| Population growth and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | +0.50 | +0.37 | 0.110 | 188 | moderate |
| Population growth and Public social spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public social spending by country | -0.19 | -0.36 | 0.164 | 42 | moderate |
| Population growth and Basic water accessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.36) could easily be chance. Basic water access by country | -0.56 | -0.36 | 0.236 | 197 | proxy |
| Population growth and Pupil-teacher ratioLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.35) could easily be chance. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | +0.56 | +0.35 | 0.193 | 180 | proxy |
| Population growth and Basic sanitationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.35) could easily be chance. Basic sanitation by country | -0.56 | -0.35 | 0.264 | 197 | high |
| Population growth and Extreme poverty rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.35) could easily be chance. Extreme poverty rate by country | +0.56 | +0.35 | 0.124 | 163 | proxy |
| Population growth and Adult literacyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.35) could easily be chance. Adult literacy by country | -0.52 | -0.35 | 0.253 | 135 | high |
| Population growth and Primary completionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.35) could easily be chance. Primary completion by country | -0.63 | -0.35 | 0.080 | 161 | proxy |
| Population growth and Under-5 mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.35) could easily be chance. Under-5 mortality by country | +0.54 | +0.35 | 0.203 | 188 | proxy |
| Population growth and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country | +0.48 | +0.34 | 0.148 | 188 | moderate |
| Population growth and RedistributionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Redistribution by country | -0.12 | -0.34 | 0.064 | 45 | moderate |
| Population growth and Informal employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.33) could easily be chance. Informal employment by country | +0.64 | +0.33 | 0.146 | 140 | proxy |
| Population growth and Migrant share of populationAlmost no link either way. Migrant share of population by country | -0.03 | +0.33 | 0.069 | 198 | high |
| Population growth and Health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country | -0.35 | -0.31 | 0.251 | 186 | independent |
| Population growth and Adolescent fertilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.31) could easily be chance. Adolescent fertility by country | +0.53 | +0.31 | 0.349 | 199 | proxy |
| Population growth and Government expenseCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country | -0.40 | -0.31 | 0.082 | 151 | moderate |
| Population growth and Voice and accountabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Voice and accountability by country | -0.49 | -0.31 | 0.157 | 195 | moderate |
| Population growth and Skilled birth attendanceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.31) could easily be chance. Skilled birth attendance by country | -0.51 | -0.31 | 0.193 | 177 | high |
| Population growth and Infant mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.30) could easily be chance. Infant mortality by country | +0.52 | +0.30 | 0.167 | 188 | proxy |
| Population growth and Health coverage indexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.30) could easily be chance. Health coverage index by country | -0.52 | -0.30 | 0.342 | 186 | proxy |
| Population growth and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country | -0.19 | -0.30 | 0.059 | 42 | independent |
| Population growth and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | -0.38 | -0.29 | 0.370 | 168 | moderate |
| Population growth and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | +0.42 | +0.29 | 0.123 | 188 | moderate |
| Population growth and Expected schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.29) could easily be chance. Expected schooling by country | -0.51 | -0.29 | 0.120 | 187 | proxy |
| Population growth and Birth registrationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Birth registration by country | -0.49 | -0.29 | 0.227 | 166 | proxy |
| Population growth and Infrastructure scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. Infrastructure score by country | -0.53 | -0.28 | 0.217 | 197 | proxy |
| Population growth and Secondary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. Secondary enrollment by country | -0.50 | -0.28 | 0.226 | 187 | high |
| Population growth and Religion very importantCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religion very important by country | +0.45 | +0.28 | 0.089 | 107 | high |
| Population growth and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | -0.44 | -0.28 | 0.312 | 168 | moderate |
| Population growth and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country | -0.45 | -0.28 | 0.385 | 168 | moderate |
| Population growth and Inequality-adjusted HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | -0.57 | -0.28 | 0.119 | 167 | proxy |
| Population growth and Mean years of schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.27) could easily be chance. Mean years of schooling by country | -0.51 | -0.27 | 0.133 | 187 | proxy |
| Population growth and Male labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Male labor participation by country | +0.23 | +0.26 | 0.116 | 177 | independent |
| Population growth and Gender Inequality IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.26) could easily be chance. Gender Inequality Index by country | +0.55 | +0.26 | 0.106 | 169 | proxy |
| Population growth and Governance scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country | -0.45 | -0.26 | 0.266 | 171 | moderate |
| Population growth and Political stabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political stability by country | -0.46 | -0.26 | 0.238 | 195 | moderate |
| Population growth and Slum share of urban populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Slum share of urban population by country | +0.49 | +0.26 | 0.252 | 184 | high |
| Population growth and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country | -0.44 | -0.25 | 0.390 | 168 | moderate |
| Population growth and Retirement age, womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, women by country | -0.27 | -0.25 | 0.678 | 49 | independent |
| Population growth and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | -0.35 | -0.25 | 0.455 | 168 | moderate |
| Population growth and Married by 18Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Married by 18 by country | +0.46 | +0.25 | 0.376 | 136 | moderate |
| Population growth and Marriage rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country | -0.25 | -0.25 | 0.346 | 46 | independent |
| Population growth and Anaemia in womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Anaemia in women by country | +0.46 | +0.25 | 0.264 | 185 | high |
| Population growth and Liberal democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Liberal democracy by country | -0.45 | -0.25 | 0.429 | 168 | moderate |
| Population growth and Free and fair electionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Free and fair elections by country | -0.47 | -0.25 | 0.308 | 168 | high |
| Population growth and Muslim shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country | +0.32 | +0.24 | 0.222 | 184 | independent |
| Population growth and Equality scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Equality score by country | -0.47 | -0.24 | 0.227 | 163 | high |
| Population growth and Maternal mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Maternal mortality by country | +0.47 | +0.24 | 0.243 | 187 | proxy |
| Population growth and UndernourishmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.24) could easily be chance. Undernourishment by country | +0.54 | +0.24 | 0.068 | 163 | proxy |
| Population growth and Gender wage gapCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender wage gap by country | -0.25 | -0.23 | 0.257 | 38 | independent |
| Population growth and Divorce rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate by country | -0.26 | -0.23 | 0.257 | 45 | independent |
| Population growth and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | -0.34 | -0.23 | 0.316 | 151 | moderate |
| Population growth and Government consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country | -0.26 | -0.23 | 0.091 | 178 | independent |
| Population growth and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country | -0.42 | -0.23 | 0.460 | 168 | moderate |
| Population growth and Military spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Military spending by country | +0.15 | +0.23 | 0.274 | 156 | independent |
| Population growth and Forest areaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Forest area by country | -0.22 | -0.23 | 0.098 | 196 | independent |
| Population growth and Out of school, primaryCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country | +0.38 | +0.23 | 0.166 | 186 | moderate |
| Population growth and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | -0.31 | -0.22 | 0.544 | 168 | moderate |
| Population growth and Suicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country | -0.29 | -0.22 | 0.083 | 179 | independent |
| Population growth and Food insecurityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Food insecurity by country | +0.59 | +0.22 | 0.271 | 155 | proxy |
| Population growth and Internet usersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Internet users by country | -0.50 | -0.22 | 0.196 | 197 | proxy |
| Population growth and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country | +0.29 | +0.20 | 0.089 | 192 | moderate |
| Population growth and Births outside marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Births outside marriage by country | +0.14 | +0.20 | 0.582 | 42 | independent |
| Population growth and Retirement age, menCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, men by country | +0.13 | +0.20 | 0.530 | 49 | independent |
| Population growth and Rule of lawCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Rule of law by country | -0.45 | -0.20 | 0.331 | 195 | high |
| Population growth and Education spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Education spending by country | -0.18 | -0.19 | 0.344 | 187 | independent |
| Population growth and Confidence in religious institutionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country | +0.34 | +0.18 | 0.280 | 107 | moderate |
| Population growth and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country | -0.28 | -0.18 | 0.602 | 188 | moderate |
| Population growth and Corporate tax rateAlmost no link either way. Corporate tax rate by country | -0.04 | -0.17 | 0.637 | 86 | moderate |
| Population growth and Employment in agricultureLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.17) could easily be chance. Employment in agriculture by country | +0.51 | +0.17 | 0.475 | 177 | proxy |
| Population growth and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | +0.23 | +0.17 | 0.202 | 199 | moderate |
| Population growth and CO2 per capitaAlmost no link either way. CO2 per capita by country | -0.06 | +0.16 | 0.519 | 191 | proxy |
| Population growth and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country | -0.24 | -0.16 | 0.638 | 168 | independent |
| Population growth and Hours workedAlmost no link either way. Hours worked by country | -0.09 | +0.16 | 0.287 | 38 | high |
| Population growth and DTP3 immunisationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country | -0.35 | -0.15 | 0.364 | 186 | moderate |
| Population growth and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | -0.27 | -0.15 | 0.398 | 149 | moderate |
| Population growth and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | -0.35 | -0.15 | 0.526 | 182 | moderate |
| Population growth and Tertiary enrollmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tertiary enrollment by country | -0.41 | -0.15 | 0.085 | 178 | high |
| Population growth and Homicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Homicide rate by country | -0.11 | -0.14 | 0.277 | 170 | moderate |
| Population growth and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public order spending by country | -0.37 | -0.14 | 0.735 | 37 | high |
| Population growth and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | -0.34 | -0.14 | 0.500 | 184 | moderate |
| Population growth and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | +0.31 | +0.13 | 0.552 | 192 | moderate |
| Population growth and Frequent prayerCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Frequent prayer by country | +0.46 | +0.13 | 0.519 | 78 | high |
| Population growth and Compulsory schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | -0.28 | -0.13 | 0.295 | 185 | moderate |
| Population growth and Market-income GiniAlmost no link either way. Market-income Gini by country | +0.01 | +0.13 | 0.661 | 45 | moderate |
| Population growth and Conflict deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Conflict deaths by country | +0.17 | +0.13 | 0.282 | 188 | moderate |
| Population growth and Government spending per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government spending per capita by country | +0.29 | +0.12 | 0.577 | 43 | proxy |
| Population growth and Self-reported happinessAlmost no link either way. Self-reported happiness by country | -0.02 | +0.12 | 0.711 | 107 | moderate |
| Population growth and Wellbeing scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Wellbeing score by country | -0.21 | +0.12 | 0.538 | 107 | high |
| Population growth and Christian shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Christian share by country | -0.11 | -0.11 | 0.561 | 184 | independent |
| Population growth and Interpersonal trustCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Interpersonal trust by country | -0.14 | +0.11 | 0.605 | 107 | high |
| Population growth and One-person householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. One-person households by country | -0.47 | -0.11 | 0.467 | 150 | high |
| Population growth and Life satisfactionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Life satisfaction by country | -0.47 | -0.11 | 0.317 | 160 | proxy |
| Population growth and Primary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Primary enrollment by country | -0.08 | -0.11 | 0.351 | 192 | independent |
| Population growth and Premature NCD mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Premature NCD mortality by country | +0.27 | -0.10 | 0.566 | 179 | high |
| Population growth and Women's age at first marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's age at first marriage by country | +0.14 | -0.10 | 0.787 | 40 | moderate |
| Population growth and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | +0.23 | +0.10 | 0.636 | 186 | moderate |
| Population growth and Life expectancyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Life expectancy by country | -0.44 | -0.10 | 0.603 | 199 | proxy |
| Population growth and UrbanizationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Urbanization by country | -0.24 | +0.10 | 0.345 | 199 | high |
| Population growth and Single-parent householdsAlmost no link either way. Single-parent households by country | -0.06 | -0.09 | 0.629 | 150 | independent |
| Population growth and Children with one parentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Children with one parent by country | +0.13 | +0.08 | 0.838 | 38 | independent |
| Population growth and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | +0.05 | +0.08 | 0.451 | 195 | independent |
| Population growth and Vulnerable employmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Vulnerable employment by country | +0.48 | +0.08 | 0.686 | 177 | proxy |
| Population growth and Environment scoreAlmost no link either way. Environment score by country | +0.09 | -0.08 | 0.658 | 196 | moderate |
| Population growth and Divorce rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Divorce rate (UN) by country | -0.08 | -0.07 | 0.586 | 95 | independent |
| Population growth and Women in parliamentAlmost no link either way. Women in parliament by country | -0.04 | +0.07 | 0.722 | 185 | independent |
| Population growth and Fixed broadbandCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Fixed broadband by country | -0.42 | -0.07 | 0.450 | 196 | proxy |
| Population growth and Youth not in work or studyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Youth not in work or study by country | +0.21 | -0.06 | 0.531 | 175 | high |
| Population growth and PhysiciansCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Physicians by country | -0.39 | -0.06 | 0.553 | 186 | proxy |
| Population growth and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country | +0.21 | +0.06 | 0.884 | 39 | moderate |
| Population growth and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country | +0.18 | +0.06 | 0.686 | 163 | moderate |
| Population growth and Labour scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Labour score by country | -0.31 | +0.05 | 0.683 | 185 | high |
| Population growth and Control of corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Control of corruption by country | -0.36 | -0.05 | 0.795 | 195 | high |
| Population growth and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | +0.16 | +0.05 | 0.676 | 42 | moderate |
| Population growth and Corruption Perceptions IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | -0.33 | +0.05 | 0.780 | 175 | high |
| Population growth and Women ministersAlmost no link either way. Women ministers by country | -0.05 | +0.05 | 0.865 | 185 | independent |
| Population growth and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | -0.17 | +0.04 | 0.516 | 198 | moderate |
| Population growth and Regulatory qualityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regulatory quality by country | -0.35 | +0.04 | 0.764 | 195 | proxy |
| Population growth and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Aid given by country | +0.30 | -0.04 | 0.858 | 47 | high |
| Population growth and UnemploymentAlmost no link either way. Unemployment by country | +0.01 | -0.04 | 0.806 | 177 | independent |
| Population growth and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tuberculosis incidence by country | +0.21 | -0.03 | 0.850 | 196 | high |
| Population growth and HIV prevalenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | +0.13 | +0.03 | 0.655 | 148 | moderate |
| Population growth and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country | +0.16 | +0.03 | 0.881 | 172 | independent |
| Population growth and Female labor participationAlmost no link either way. Female labor participation by country | -0.01 | +0.03 | 0.864 | 177 | independent |
| Population growth and Protected landAlmost no link either way. Protected land by country | -0.06 | +0.03 | 0.802 | 196 | independent |
| Population growth and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country | +0.15 | +0.02 | 0.747 | 195 | independent |
| Population growth and Marriage rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Marriage rate (UN) by country | +0.01 | -0.02 | 0.909 | 104 | independent |
| Population growth and ResearchersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Researchers by country | -0.33 | -0.01 | 0.977 | 131 | proxy |
| Population growth and Health scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health score by country | -0.14 | -0.01 | 0.977 | 186 | moderate |
| Population growth and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | -0.16 | -0.01 | 0.986 | 180 | moderate |
| Population growth and InflationAlmost no link either way. Inflation by country | +0.06 | -0.00 | 0.938 | 189 | independent |
| Population growth and Political corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political corruption by country | +0.34 | +0.00 | 0.985 | 168 | high |
| Population growth and Government effectivenessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government effectiveness by country | -0.39 | -0.00 | 0.987 | 195 | proxy |
| Population growth and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | -0.21 | -0.00 | 0.987 | 180 | moderate |
| Population growth and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | -0.23 | — | — | 199 | proxy |
| Population growth and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | -0.22 | — | — | 197 | proxy |
| Population growth and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | -0.19 | — | — | 199 | proxy |