Births outside marriage
Share of births outside marriage
Link with national income-0.00largely independent of national income
Links that hold up9of 154 pairs tested
Unit% of live birthshigher is neither better nor worse
SourceOECDCC BY 4.0 (OECD terms and conditions)
What this measures. Live births to mothers who were not married at the time of the birth. A registered partnership counts as unmarried. So where couples register a partnership rather than marry, this partly measures which legal option is on offer. No "better" direction is set.
How it has moved
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Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
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Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Births outside marriage and Women in parliamentWhere Births outside marriage is higher, Women in parliament tends to be higher: a strong link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country | +0.70 | +0.71 | 0.003 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Gender scoreWhere Births outside marriage is higher, Gender score tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | +0.66 | +0.68 | 0.001 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Women ministersWhere Births outside marriage is higher, Women ministers tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country | +0.55 | +0.58 | 0.002 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Children with one parentWhere Births outside marriage is higher, Children with one parent tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Children with one parent by country | +0.51 | +0.51 | 0.011 | 38 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Political rights (FH)Where Births outside marriage is higher, Political rights (FH) tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | -0.41 | -0.49 | 0.016 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Civil liberties (FH)Where Births outside marriage is higher, Civil liberties (FH) tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country | -0.38 | -0.47 | 0.027 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Food insecurityWhere Births outside marriage is higher, Food insecurity tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Food insecurity by country | +0.44 | +0.44 | 0.045 | 41 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Interpersonal trustWhere Births outside marriage is higher, Interpersonal trust tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Interpersonal trust by country | +0.26 | +0.35 | 0.015 | 40 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Secondary enrollmentWhere Births outside marriage is higher, Secondary enrollment tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Secondary enrollment by country | +0.29 | +0.33 | 0.035 | 42 | high |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 41 countries reporting all of them, and 71 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0% | — |
| 2 | 20% | +20% |
| 3 | 53% | +33% |
| 4 | 54% | +1% |
| 5 | 55% | +0% |
| 6 | 60% | +6% |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
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| Births outside marriage and Women's age at first marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's age at first marriage by country | +0.49 | +0.57 | 0.127 | 40 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Life satisfactionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Life satisfaction by country | +0.46 | +0.56 | 0.071 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Voice and accountabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Voice and accountability by country | +0.33 | +0.50 | 0.094 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Hospital bedsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Hospital beds by country | -0.49 | -0.49 | 0.433 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Wellbeing scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Wellbeing score by country | +0.36 | +0.47 | 0.085 | 40 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | +0.47 | +0.47 | 0.123 | 39 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Education spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Education spending by country | +0.44 | +0.47 | 0.292 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Governance scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country | +0.35 | +0.46 | 0.203 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | +0.34 | +0.43 | 0.241 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country | +0.28 | +0.43 | 0.098 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | +0.33 | +0.41 | 0.258 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Homicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Homicide rate by country | +0.39 | +0.40 | 0.409 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | +0.35 | +0.39 | 0.101 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country | +0.29 | +0.39 | 0.124 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Liberal democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Liberal democracy by country | +0.28 | +0.39 | 0.255 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Control of corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Control of corruption by country | +0.21 | +0.38 | 0.181 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country | +0.28 | +0.38 | 0.262 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Electricity accessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electricity access by country | -0.38 | -0.37 | 0.461 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Marriage rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country | -0.36 | -0.37 | 0.284 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | +0.29 | +0.37 | 0.279 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Muslim shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country | -0.35 | -0.36 | 0.300 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | -0.36 | -0.36 | 0.517 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Corruption Perceptions IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | +0.19 | +0.35 | 0.192 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Christian shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Christian share by country | +0.35 | +0.34 | 0.438 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Religion very importantCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religion very important by country | -0.31 | -0.34 | 0.465 | 40 | high |
| Births outside marriage and PISA mathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA maths by country | -0.33 | -0.34 | 0.572 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and InflationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Inflation by country | -0.30 | -0.33 | 0.300 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Marriage rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate (UN) by country | -0.33 | -0.33 | 0.219 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Government spending per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government spending per capita by country | +0.10 | +0.33 | 0.131 | 40 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Conflict deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Conflict deaths by country | +0.32 | +0.32 | 0.365 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Religious attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religious attendance by country | -0.30 | -0.31 | 0.460 | 40 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Military spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Military spending by country | -0.29 | -0.31 | 0.511 | 40 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Health scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health score by country | -0.32 | -0.31 | 0.548 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Regulatory qualityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regulatory quality by country | +0.14 | +0.31 | 0.276 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Rule of lawCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Rule of law by country | +0.15 | +0.31 | 0.429 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Gender wage gapCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender wage gap by country | -0.29 | -0.31 | 0.607 | 37 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Internet usersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Internet users by country | +0.15 | +0.30 | 0.104 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Political corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political corruption by country | -0.18 | -0.29 | 0.350 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | +0.21 | +0.29 | 0.194 | 40 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Hours workedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Hours worked by country | -0.22 | -0.29 | 0.213 | 36 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Primary completionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Primary completion by country | -0.30 | -0.28 | 0.385 | 41 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country | +0.20 | +0.28 | 0.386 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and PISA scienceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA science by country | -0.29 | -0.27 | 0.562 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Anaemia in womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Anaemia in women by country | -0.22 | -0.27 | 0.379 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | -0.23 | -0.27 | 0.418 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country | -0.26 | -0.26 | 0.419 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country | +0.20 | +0.26 | 0.228 | 40 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country | -0.23 | -0.25 | 0.389 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Free and fair electionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Free and fair elections by country | +0.17 | +0.25 | 0.391 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Tertiary enrollmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tertiary enrollment by country | -0.24 | -0.25 | 0.282 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Female labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Female labor participation by country | +0.15 | +0.24 | 0.555 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and HIV prevalenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | +0.32 | +0.23 | 0.514 | 31 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Adolescent fertilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adolescent fertility by country | +0.24 | +0.23 | 0.245 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Health coverage indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health coverage index by country | +0.16 | +0.23 | 0.584 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country | +0.18 | +0.22 | 0.367 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Maternal mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Maternal mortality by country | +0.24 | +0.22 | 0.590 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country | +0.18 | +0.22 | 0.466 | 40 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Trust in governmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trust in government by country | +0.14 | +0.22 | 0.619 | 40 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Aid given by country | +0.30 | +0.21 | 0.231 | 39 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | +0.18 | +0.21 | 0.530 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Basic water accessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Basic water access by country | +0.20 | +0.21 | 0.414 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and DTP3 immunisationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country | -0.22 | -0.21 | 0.308 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Gender Development IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender Development Index by country | +0.19 | +0.21 | 0.483 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Population growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population growth by country | +0.14 | +0.20 | 0.582 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and PISA readingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA reading by country | -0.22 | -0.20 | 0.572 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. CO2 per capita by country | -0.22 | -0.20 | 0.482 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Compulsory schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | +0.21 | +0.20 | 0.560 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Labour scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Labour score by country | -0.22 | -0.20 | 0.704 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Political stabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political stability by country | +0.15 | +0.20 | 0.528 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Median ageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Median age by country | -0.20 | -0.19 | 0.698 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Youth not in work or studyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Youth not in work or study by country | -0.11 | -0.19 | 0.731 | 41 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country | +0.20 | +0.18 | 0.785 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Skilled birth attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Skilled birth attendance by country | -0.19 | -0.18 | 0.330 | 35 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Confidence in religious institutionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country | -0.17 | -0.18 | 0.693 | 40 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | +0.15 | +0.17 | 0.753 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tuberculosis incidence by country | -0.13 | -0.17 | 0.398 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | -0.17 | -0.17 | 0.638 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Population 65+Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population 65+ by country | -0.18 | -0.17 | 0.760 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Birth rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Birth rate by country | +0.17 | +0.16 | 0.723 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and UnemploymentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment by country | +0.17 | +0.16 | 0.686 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Divorce rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate by country | +0.17 | +0.16 | 0.564 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Retirement age, womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, women by country | -0.15 | -0.15 | 0.786 | 41 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | +0.12 | +0.15 | 0.594 | 41 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Single-parent householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Single-parent households by country | +0.21 | +0.15 | 0.168 | 34 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Employment in agricultureAlmost no link either way. Employment in agriculture by country | -0.06 | -0.15 | 0.792 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Road traffic deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Road traffic deaths by country | +0.17 | +0.15 | 0.775 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Infant mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Infant mortality by country | +0.17 | +0.15 | 0.802 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Population 0-14Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population 0-14 by country | +0.16 | +0.14 | 0.764 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Government effectivenessAlmost no link either way. Government effectiveness by country | +0.03 | +0.14 | 0.787 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Migrant share of populationAlmost no link either way. Migrant share of population by country | +0.04 | +0.14 | 0.731 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Mean years of schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mean years of schooling by country | -0.16 | -0.14 | 0.685 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Basic sanitationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Basic sanitation by country | -0.15 | -0.14 | 0.270 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Recycling rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Recycling rate by country | -0.12 | -0.13 | 0.768 | 35 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and One-person householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. One-person households by country | -0.22 | -0.13 | 0.775 | 34 | high |
| Births outside marriage and FDI inflowsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. FDI inflows by country | -0.11 | -0.13 | 0.565 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Under-5 mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Under-5 mortality by country | +0.15 | +0.12 | 0.834 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Pre-trial detainee shareAlmost no link either way. Pre-trial detainee share by country | +0.09 | +0.12 | 0.561 | 41 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public order spending by country | +0.12 | +0.12 | 0.787 | 36 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Public social spendingAlmost no link either way. Public social spending by country | +0.09 | +0.12 | 0.755 | 40 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Birth registrationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Birth registration by country | -0.14 | -0.12 | 0.782 | 41 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Government consumptionAlmost no link either way. Government consumption by country | +0.10 | +0.11 | 0.849 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Gender Inequality IndexAlmost no link either way. Gender Inequality Index by country | -0.02 | -0.11 | 0.810 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Slum share of urban populationAlmost no link either way. Slum share of urban population by country | -0.05 | -0.10 | 0.812 | 41 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Fertility rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Fertility rate by country | +0.10 | +0.09 | 0.855 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Primary enrollmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Primary enrollment by country | +0.10 | +0.09 | 0.379 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Armed conflict presentAlmost no link either way. Armed conflict present by country | -0.04 | -0.09 | 0.825 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Expected schoolingAlmost no link either way. Expected schooling by country | +0.07 | +0.09 | 0.679 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Pupil-teacher ratioCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | +0.12 | +0.09 | 0.694 | 40 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Informal employmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Informal employment by country | +0.14 | +0.09 | 0.882 | 36 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | -0.10 | -0.09 | 0.802 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and PhysiciansAlmost no link either way. Physicians by country | +0.06 | +0.08 | 0.818 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Agricultural landAlmost no link either way. Agricultural land by country | +0.07 | +0.07 | 0.845 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Divorce rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Divorce rate (UN) by country | +0.08 | +0.07 | 0.443 | 40 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Gini indexAlmost no link either way. Gini index by country | -0.02 | -0.06 | 0.898 | 41 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Equality scoreAlmost no link either way. Equality score by country | +0.02 | +0.06 | 0.897 | 41 | high |
| Births outside marriage and UrbanizationAlmost no link either way. Urbanization by country | +0.03 | +0.06 | 0.872 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Vulnerable employmentAlmost no link either way. Vulnerable employment by country | +0.01 | -0.06 | 0.911 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Out of school, primaryAlmost no link either way. Out of school, primary by country | +0.08 | +0.06 | 0.703 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Retirement age, menAlmost no link either way. Retirement age, men by country | -0.05 | -0.06 | 0.913 | 41 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Premature NCD mortalityAlmost no link either way. Premature NCD mortality by country | -0.00 | -0.06 | 0.893 | 42 | high |
| Births outside marriage and Infrastructure scoreAlmost no link either way. Infrastructure score by country | -0.02 | +0.06 | 0.902 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Protected landAlmost no link either way. Protected land by country | -0.04 | -0.06 | 0.728 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Trade opennessAlmost no link either way. Trade openness by country | +0.01 | +0.06 | 0.815 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Male labor participationAlmost no link either way. Male labor participation by country | +0.05 | +0.05 | 0.874 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and UndernourishmentAlmost no link either way. Undernourishment by country | +0.07 | +0.05 | 0.221 | 41 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Out-of-pocket health spendingAlmost no link either way. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | +0.03 | -0.04 | 0.849 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Government expenseAlmost no link either way. Government expense by country | +0.04 | +0.04 | 0.935 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Market-income GiniAlmost no link either way. Market-income Gini by country | -0.02 | -0.03 | 0.878 | 40 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Forest areaAlmost no link either way. Forest area by country | -0.00 | -0.03 | 0.958 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Extreme poverty rateAlmost no link either way. Extreme poverty rate by country | +0.02 | -0.03 | 0.859 | 41 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Suicide rateAlmost no link either way. Suicide rate by country | -0.04 | -0.02 | 0.971 | 42 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and Life expectancyAlmost no link either way. Life expectancy by country | -0.04 | +0.02 | 0.962 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Education scoreAlmost no link either way. Education score by country | -0.05 | -0.02 | 0.913 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Corporate tax rateAlmost no link either way. Corporate tax rate by country | -0.02 | -0.02 | 0.949 | 40 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and HDIAlmost no link either way. HDI by country | -0.06 | +0.02 | 0.971 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and RedistributionAlmost no link either way. Redistribution by country | -0.02 | +0.01 | 0.977 | 40 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Environment scoreAlmost no link either way. Environment score by country | +0.04 | +0.01 | 0.950 | 42 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Inequality-adjusted HDIAlmost no link either way. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | -0.08 | -0.01 | 0.986 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Fixed broadbandAlmost no link either way. Fixed broadband by country | -0.04 | +0.01 | 0.987 | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and Unemployment benefit spendingAlmost no link either way. Unemployment benefit spending by country | +0.01 | +0.01 | 0.978 | 39 | moderate |
| Births outside marriage and Old-age spendingAlmost no link either way. Old-age spending by country | +0.00 | +0.01 | 0.987 | 40 | independent |
| Births outside marriage and ResearchersAlmost no link either way. Researchers by country | -0.07 | -0.00 | 1.000 | 41 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | -0.02 | — | — | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | +0.02 | — | — | 42 | proxy |
| Births outside marriage and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | +0.02 | — | — | 42 | proxy |
Source
OECD · via Our World in Data
CC BY 4.0 (OECD terms and conditions) · licence terms · updated annual, except the snapshots noted per indicator
OECD databases as named on each indicator: PISA, Social Expenditure Database (SOCX), Income Distribution Database, Development Assistance Committee statistics, Family Database, Government at a Glance, Corporate Tax Statistics, employment and environment statistics