Secondary enrollment
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
Link with national income+0.71strongly income-linked
Links that hold up25of 158 pairs tested
Unit% grosshigher is better
SourceWDICC BY 4.0
How it has moved
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Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
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Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secondary enrollment and Expected schoolingWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Expected schooling tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Expected schooling by country | +0.84 | +0.59 | 0.003 | 179 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and HDIWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, HDI tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. HDI by country | +0.83 | +0.54 | 0.002 | 179 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Active labour market spendingWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Active labour market spending tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | +0.54 | +0.47 | 0.017 | 42 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Primary completionWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Primary completion tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Primary completion by country | +0.78 | +0.46 | 0.015 | 155 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Married by 18Where Secondary enrollment is higher, Married by 18 tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Married by 18 by country | -0.69 | -0.44 | 0.024 | 128 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Out of school, primaryWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Out of school, primary tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country | -0.62 | -0.42 | 0.003 | 182 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Education spendingWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Education spending tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Education spending by country | +0.29 | +0.42 | 0.008 | 182 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Slum share of urban populationWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Slum share of urban population tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Slum share of urban population by country | -0.73 | -0.39 | 0.025 | 176 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Infrastructure scoreWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Infrastructure score tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infrastructure score by country | +0.78 | +0.38 | 0.008 | 186 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Under-5 mortalityWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Under-5 mortality tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Under-5 mortality by country | -0.75 | -0.36 | 0.012 | 179 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Mean years of schoolingWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Mean years of schooling tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Mean years of schooling by country | +0.76 | +0.36 | 0.038 | 179 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Basic water accessWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Basic water access tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic water access by country | +0.73 | +0.35 | 0.021 | 186 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Infant mortalityWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Infant mortality tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infant mortality by country | -0.75 | -0.35 | 0.014 | 179 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Child stuntingWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Child stunting tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Child stunting by country | -0.73 | -0.34 | 0.003 | 149 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Births outside marriageWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Births outside marriage tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Births outside marriage by country | +0.29 | +0.33 | 0.035 | 42 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Tax revenueWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Tax revenue tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | +0.42 | +0.31 | 0.011 | 146 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Government consumptionWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Government consumption tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country | +0.25 | +0.30 | 0.012 | 167 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Basic sanitationWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Basic sanitation tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic sanitation by country | +0.71 | +0.30 | 0.012 | 186 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Gender Inequality IndexWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Gender Inequality Index tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Inequality Index by country | -0.78 | -0.29 | 0.009 | 163 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Religious attendanceWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Religious attendance tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religious attendance by country | -0.64 | -0.27 | 0.003 | 101 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Marriage rateWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Marriage rate tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country | -0.26 | -0.26 | 0.039 | 46 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Health spendingWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Health spending tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country | +0.29 | +0.24 | 0.048 | 178 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and DTP3 immunisationWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, DTP3 immunisation tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country | +0.51 | +0.23 | 0.002 | 178 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Life expectancyWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Life expectancy tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life expectancy by country | +0.71 | +0.19 | 0.037 | 187 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Frequent prayerWhere Secondary enrollment is higher, Frequent prayer tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Frequent prayer by country | -0.54 | -0.16 | 0.046 | 75 | high |
Links that don’t count as findings
These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secondary enrollment and Education scoreNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Education score by country | +0.86 | +0.64 | 0.003 | 185 | proxy |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 133 countries reporting all of them, and 70 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 73% | — |
| 2 | 73% | +0% |
| 3 | 74% | +1% |
| 4 | 74% | +0% |
| 5 | 77% | +2% |
| 6 | 79% | +2% |
This measure sits on the pattern all the measures share, which is national income under another name.
How it differs by category
This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.
The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.
| Grouped by | Between groups | After income | q | Groups at each end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last European coloniser | 0.52 | 0.33 | 0.015 | best: Never a European colony 88.7% · worst: France 51.1% % gross |
| Largest religious group | 0.20 | 0.09 | 0.348 | best: Christians 87.5% · worst: Muslims 75% % gross |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
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| Secondary enrollment and Skilled birth attendanceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.47) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Skilled birth attendance by country | +0.74 | +0.47 | 0.065 | 169 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Inequality-adjusted HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.43) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | +0.83 | +0.43 | 0.065 | 162 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Health coverage indexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.43) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Health coverage index by country | +0.80 | +0.43 | 0.074 | 178 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Primary enrollmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Primary enrollment by country | +0.29 | +0.41 | 0.072 | 187 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Adult literacyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.41) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adult literacy by country | +0.71 | +0.41 | 0.052 | 131 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Pupil-teacher ratioLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.40) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | -0.75 | -0.40 | 0.066 | 175 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Electricity accessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.39) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Electricity access by country | +0.72 | +0.39 | 0.072 | 187 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Adolescent fertilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.39) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adolescent fertility by country | -0.74 | -0.39 | 0.069 | 187 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Free and fair electionsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.36) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Free and fair elections by country | +0.63 | +0.36 | 0.093 | 160 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Government expenseCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country | +0.43 | +0.35 | 0.094 | 146 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Birth rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth rate by country | -0.76 | -0.35 | 0.116 | 187 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Fertility rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fertility rate by country | -0.75 | -0.35 | 0.075 | 187 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Maternal mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.34) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Maternal mortality by country | -0.69 | -0.34 | 0.140 | 179 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Political rights (FH)Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.33) could easily be chance. Political rights (FH) by country | -0.53 | -0.33 | 0.173 | 179 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Women's age at first marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's age at first marriage by country | +0.43 | +0.33 | 0.053 | 40 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Voice and accountabilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.33) could easily be chance. Voice and accountability by country | +0.60 | +0.33 | 0.117 | 184 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Aid given by country | +0.48 | +0.32 | 0.094 | 47 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Tertiary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.32) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tertiary enrollment by country | +0.68 | +0.32 | 0.071 | 176 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Civil liberties (FH)Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.31) could easily be chance. Civil liberties (FH) by country | -0.54 | -0.31 | 0.236 | 179 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Liberal democracyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.31) could easily be chance. Liberal democracy by country | +0.57 | +0.31 | 0.157 | 160 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Rule of lawLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.31) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Rule of law by country | +0.68 | +0.31 | 0.100 | 184 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Gender wage gapCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender wage gap by country | -0.32 | -0.30 | 0.217 | 38 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Birth registrationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.30) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth registration by country | +0.66 | +0.30 | 0.168 | 161 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and UndernourishmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Undernourishment by country | -0.69 | -0.29 | 0.098 | 157 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Electoral democracyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.29) could easily be chance. Electoral democracy by country | +0.52 | +0.29 | 0.146 | 160 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Population growthLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. Population growth by country | -0.50 | -0.28 | 0.226 | 187 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Internet usersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Internet users by country | +0.74 | +0.28 | 0.078 | 185 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Extreme poverty rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Extreme poverty rate by country | -0.70 | -0.28 | 0.123 | 155 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Governance scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.28) could easily be chance. Governance score by country | +0.54 | +0.28 | 0.054 | 163 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Male labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Male labor participation by country | -0.17 | -0.28 | 0.211 | 169 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Trust in governmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trust in government by country | +0.34 | +0.27 | 0.212 | 47 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Corporate tax rateAlmost no link either way. Corporate tax rate by country | -0.08 | +0.27 | 0.078 | 86 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Anaemia in womenLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Anaemia in women by country | -0.63 | -0.27 | 0.051 | 177 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Participatory democracyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.27) could easily be chance. Participatory democracy by country | +0.51 | +0.27 | 0.218 | 160 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Informal employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.26) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Informal employment by country | -0.75 | -0.26 | 0.147 | 135 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Hours workedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hours worked by country | -0.39 | -0.26 | 0.093 | 38 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Food insecurityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.26) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Food insecurity by country | -0.73 | -0.26 | 0.136 | 150 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Political stabilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.26) could easily be chance. Political stability by country | +0.58 | +0.26 | 0.214 | 184 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | +0.29 | +0.26 | 0.125 | 159 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Regime typeLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.25) could easily be chance. Regime type by country | +0.50 | +0.25 | 0.090 | 160 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Employment in agricultureLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.25) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Employment in agriculture by country | -0.74 | -0.25 | 0.255 | 169 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Control of corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.24) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Control of corruption by country | +0.65 | +0.24 | 0.125 | 184 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Population 0-14Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.24) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 0-14 by country | -0.73 | -0.24 | 0.267 | 187 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Road traffic deathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.23) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Road traffic deaths by country | -0.62 | -0.23 | 0.139 | 175 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and PISA scienceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA science by country | +0.55 | +0.22 | 0.160 | 86 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Public order spending by country | -0.37 | -0.22 | 0.606 | 37 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and PISA readingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA reading by country | +0.54 | +0.22 | 0.184 | 86 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Equality scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Equality score by country | +0.60 | +0.22 | 0.163 | 155 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Religion very importantLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religion very important by country | -0.60 | -0.22 | 0.064 | 103 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Market-income GiniAlmost no link either way. Market-income Gini by country | -0.03 | +0.21 | 0.145 | 45 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Gender Development IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Development Index by country | +0.59 | +0.21 | 0.383 | 173 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Corruption Perceptions IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | +0.65 | +0.20 | 0.126 | 167 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country | +0.34 | +0.20 | 0.309 | 179 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | +0.45 | +0.20 | 0.102 | 160 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Confidence in religious institutionsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.20) could easily be chance. Confidence in religious institutions by country | -0.54 | -0.20 | 0.283 | 103 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | -0.42 | -0.19 | 0.240 | 178 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Political corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Political corruption by country | -0.61 | -0.19 | 0.191 | 160 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Median ageLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Median age by country | +0.70 | +0.19 | 0.293 | 187 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Wellbeing scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Wellbeing score by country | +0.63 | +0.18 | 0.401 | 103 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | +0.32 | +0.18 | 0.201 | 160 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Compulsory schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | +0.39 | +0.18 | 0.196 | 177 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | +0.32 | +0.17 | 0.241 | 160 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and PISA mathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA maths by country | +0.52 | +0.17 | 0.318 | 86 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | +0.29 | +0.17 | 0.249 | 160 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Regulatory qualityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.16) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Regulatory quality by country | +0.66 | +0.16 | 0.250 | 184 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Vulnerable employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.16) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Vulnerable employment by country | -0.72 | -0.16 | 0.212 | 169 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Population 65+Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.14) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 65+ by country | +0.61 | +0.14 | 0.116 | 187 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Government effectivenessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.14) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government effectiveness by country | +0.68 | +0.14 | 0.233 | 184 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | +0.34 | +0.14 | 0.318 | 171 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | -0.35 | -0.14 | 0.527 | 178 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and UnemploymentAlmost no link either way. Unemployment by country | +0.02 | +0.14 | 0.319 | 169 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and ResearchersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.14) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Researchers by country | +0.62 | +0.14 | 0.574 | 129 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Homicide rateAlmost no link either way. Homicide rate by country | +0.05 | +0.13 | 0.245 | 162 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country | -0.28 | -0.13 | 0.145 | 184 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Female labor participationAlmost no link either way. Female labor participation by country | -0.02 | -0.13 | 0.412 | 169 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Labour scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Labour score by country | +0.51 | -0.13 | 0.126 | 177 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country | -0.36 | -0.12 | 0.341 | 185 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Life satisfactionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.12) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life satisfaction by country | +0.71 | +0.12 | 0.354 | 154 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Interpersonal trustCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Interpersonal trust by country | +0.50 | +0.12 | 0.593 | 103 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Children with one parentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Children with one parent by country | +0.15 | +0.12 | 0.460 | 38 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country | +0.23 | +0.12 | 0.429 | 160 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | +0.28 | +0.11 | 0.481 | 144 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Fixed broadbandLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.11) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fixed broadband by country | +0.66 | +0.11 | 0.453 | 185 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | +0.25 | -0.11 | 0.378 | 168 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Protected landAlmost no link either way. Protected land by country | +0.07 | -0.10 | 0.466 | 185 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and RedistributionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Redistribution by country | +0.34 | +0.10 | 0.563 | 45 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Muslim shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country | -0.25 | -0.09 | 0.604 | 174 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country | +0.30 | -0.09 | 0.376 | 187 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Suicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country | +0.22 | +0.09 | 0.494 | 171 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and PhysiciansLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Physicians by country | +0.63 | +0.09 | 0.377 | 178 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Premature NCD mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Premature NCD mortality by country | -0.47 | +0.09 | 0.711 | 171 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Migrant share of population by country | +0.38 | -0.09 | 0.542 | 187 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | -0.36 | -0.09 | 0.557 | 181 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country | -0.27 | -0.09 | 0.690 | 155 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and One-person householdsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. One-person households by country | +0.57 | +0.08 | 0.471 | 145 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Retirement age, menCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, men by country | -0.21 | -0.08 | 0.684 | 49 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Christian shareAlmost no link either way. Christian share by country | +0.06 | +0.07 | 0.695 | 174 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Women ministersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country | +0.21 | +0.07 | 0.602 | 177 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Recycling rateAlmost no link either way. Recycling rate by country | +0.06 | -0.07 | 0.563 | 35 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Public social spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public social spending by country | +0.19 | +0.07 | 0.610 | 42 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Marriage rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate (UN) by country | -0.16 | -0.07 | 0.266 | 102 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | +0.39 | +0.07 | 0.422 | 174 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | -0.01 | -0.07 | 0.463 | 186 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. CO2 per capita by country | +0.27 | -0.06 | 0.567 | 180 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | +0.37 | -0.06 | 0.713 | 174 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tuberculosis incidence by country | -0.36 | +0.06 | 0.697 | 187 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Health scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health score by country | +0.20 | -0.06 | 0.763 | 178 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country | +0.29 | +0.06 | 0.761 | 103 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Hospital bedsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hospital beds by country | +0.44 | +0.06 | 0.668 | 165 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Conflict deathsAlmost no link either way. Conflict deaths by country | -0.08 | +0.05 | 0.632 | 178 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Government spending per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government spending per capita by country | +0.31 | +0.05 | 0.678 | 43 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | +0.36 | +0.05 | 0.511 | 186 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Women in parliamentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country | +0.20 | +0.05 | 0.813 | 177 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Youth not in work or studyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Youth not in work or study by country | -0.42 | +0.05 | 0.717 | 168 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country | -0.19 | +0.04 | 0.493 | 184 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country | -0.22 | -0.04 | 0.783 | 164 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Divorce rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Divorce rate (UN) by country | +0.05 | +0.04 | 0.377 | 93 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Single-parent householdsAlmost no link either way. Single-parent households by country | -0.03 | -0.04 | 0.597 | 145 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Retirement age, womenAlmost no link either way. Retirement age, women by country | -0.09 | -0.04 | 0.792 | 49 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | -0.17 | -0.04 | 0.831 | 187 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country | +0.13 | +0.03 | 0.878 | 42 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Forest areaAlmost no link either way. Forest area by country | +0.02 | -0.03 | 0.608 | 185 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country | +0.10 | +0.02 | 0.915 | 39 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and Divorce rateAlmost no link either way. Divorce rate by country | -0.06 | -0.02 | 0.870 | 45 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Old-age spendingAlmost no link either way. Old-age spending by country | +0.07 | +0.02 | 0.879 | 42 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and Military spendingAlmost no link either way. Military spending by country | +0.06 | -0.02 | 0.775 | 149 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and UrbanizationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Urbanization by country | +0.49 | -0.01 | 0.902 | 187 | high |
| Secondary enrollment and HIV prevalenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | -0.17 | +0.01 | 0.962 | 142 | moderate |
| Secondary enrollment and InflationAlmost no link either way. Inflation by country | -0.10 | -0.00 | 0.970 | 180 | independent |
| Secondary enrollment and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | +0.55 | — | — | 187 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | +0.55 | — | — | 187 | proxy |
| Secondary enrollment and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | +0.49 | — | — | 187 | proxy |
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
CC BY 4.0 · licence terms · updated quarterly
World Bank, World Development Indicators