Skilled birth attendance
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Link with national income+0.69strongly income-linked
Links that hold up24of 158 pairs tested
Unit% of birthshigher is better
SourceWDICC BY 4.0
What this measures. Based on surveys, so a country reports it every few years rather than yearly.
How it has moved
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Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
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Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skilled birth attendance and Health coverage indexWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Health coverage index tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Health coverage index by country | +0.82 | +0.62 | 0.001 | 174 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Birth registrationWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Birth registration tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth registration by country | +0.78 | +0.58 | 0.012 | 156 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Education scoreWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Education score tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Education score by country | +0.79 | +0.56 | 0.002 | 174 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Primary completionWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Primary completion tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Primary completion by country | +0.79 | +0.56 | 0.015 | 152 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Under-5 mortalityWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Under-5 mortality tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Under-5 mortality by country | -0.78 | -0.53 | 0.001 | 176 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Maternal mortalityWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Maternal mortality tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Maternal mortality by country | -0.76 | -0.53 | 0.021 | 174 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Basic sanitationWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Basic sanitation tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic sanitation by country | +0.77 | +0.49 | 0.010 | 175 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Child stuntingWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Child stunting tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Child stunting by country | -0.74 | -0.48 | 0.005 | 150 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Infant mortalityWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Infant mortality tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infant mortality by country | -0.76 | -0.48 | 0.003 | 176 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Adult literacyWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Adult literacy tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adult literacy by country | +0.73 | +0.46 | 0.003 | 127 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and DTP3 immunisationWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, DTP3 immunisation tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country | +0.61 | +0.42 | 0.010 | 174 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Pupil-teacher ratioWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Pupil-teacher ratio tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | -0.72 | -0.41 | 0.027 | 163 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Basic water accessWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Basic water access tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic water access by country | +0.72 | +0.41 | 0.011 | 175 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Mean years of schoolingWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Mean years of schooling tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Mean years of schooling by country | +0.73 | +0.40 | 0.030 | 174 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Electricity accessWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Electricity access tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Electricity access by country | +0.70 | +0.40 | 0.037 | 176 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Education spendingWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Education spending tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Education spending by country | +0.32 | +0.39 | 0.020 | 169 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Hours workedWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Hours worked tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hours worked by country | +0.22 | +0.39 | 0.012 | 31 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Employment in agricultureWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Employment in agriculture tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Employment in agriculture by country | -0.73 | -0.38 | 0.037 | 164 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Internet usersWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Internet users tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Internet users by country | +0.73 | +0.37 | 0.016 | 176 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Infrastructure scoreWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Infrastructure score tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infrastructure score by country | +0.73 | +0.37 | 0.036 | 175 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Vulnerable employmentWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Vulnerable employment tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Vulnerable employment by country | -0.72 | -0.35 | 0.032 | 164 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Inequality-adjusted HDIWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Inequality-adjusted HDI tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | +0.73 | +0.34 | 0.022 | 157 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Armed conflict presentWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Armed conflict present tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | -0.46 | -0.27 | 0.024 | 175 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Anaemia in womenWhere Skilled birth attendance is higher, Anaemia in women tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Anaemia in women by country | -0.58 | -0.25 | 0.049 | 173 | high |
Links that don’t count as findings
These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skilled birth attendance and Health scoreNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Health score by country | +0.13 | -0.06 | 0.800 | 174 | moderate |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 126 countries reporting all of them, and 71 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 59% | — |
| 2 | 61% | +2% |
| 3 | 65% | +5% |
| 4 | 66% | +1% |
| 5 | 69% | +3% |
| 6 | 69% | +0% |
How it differs by category
This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.
The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.
| Grouped by | Between groups | After income | q | Groups at each end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last European coloniser | 0.44 | 0.22 | 0.186 | best: Never a European colony 93.1% · worst: France 72.8% % of births |
| Largest religious group | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.632 | best: Christians 90.3% · worst: Muslims 85.8% % of births |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
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| Skilled birth attendance and Secondary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.47) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Secondary enrollment by country | +0.74 | +0.47 | 0.065 | 169 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.43) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. HDI by country | +0.75 | +0.43 | 0.083 | 174 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Married by 18Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.43) could easily be chance. Married by 18 by country | -0.64 | -0.43 | 0.102 | 131 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Birth rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.43) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth rate by country | -0.75 | -0.43 | 0.088 | 177 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Public order spending by country | -0.30 | -0.42 | 0.076 | 30 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Fertility rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.41) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fertility rate by country | -0.74 | -0.41 | 0.114 | 177 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Adolescent fertilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.40) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adolescent fertility by country | -0.71 | -0.40 | 0.063 | 177 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Slum share of urban populationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.36) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Slum share of urban population by country | -0.68 | -0.36 | 0.080 | 171 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Gender Development IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Development Index by country | +0.63 | +0.35 | 0.274 | 167 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and UndernourishmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Undernourishment by country | -0.68 | -0.35 | 0.204 | 152 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Out of school, primaryLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.33) could easily be chance. Out of school, primary by country | -0.54 | -0.33 | 0.088 | 167 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country | +0.47 | +0.33 | 0.220 | 175 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | +0.39 | +0.31 | 0.233 | 139 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Life expectancyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.31) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life expectancy by country | +0.70 | +0.31 | 0.095 | 177 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Population growthLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.31) could easily be chance. Population growth by country | -0.51 | -0.31 | 0.193 | 177 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Food insecurityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.31) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Food insecurity by country | -0.71 | -0.31 | 0.135 | 146 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Extreme poverty rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.30) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Extreme poverty rate by country | -0.65 | -0.30 | 0.230 | 152 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | +0.41 | +0.30 | 0.060 | 139 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Political stabilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.30) could easily be chance. Political stability by country | +0.58 | +0.30 | 0.103 | 176 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country | +0.28 | +0.29 | 0.164 | 32 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Retirement age, menCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, men by country | -0.36 | -0.28 | 0.359 | 42 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Government expenseCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country | +0.41 | +0.28 | 0.262 | 139 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Population 0-14Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 0-14 by country | -0.70 | -0.28 | 0.226 | 177 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Women's age at first marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's age at first marriage by country | +0.28 | +0.25 | 0.098 | 33 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Gender wage gapCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender wage gap by country | +0.25 | +0.25 | 0.341 | 31 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Aid given by country | -0.20 | -0.25 | 0.145 | 40 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country | -0.38 | -0.24 | 0.211 | 157 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Gender Inequality IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.23) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Inequality Index by country | -0.69 | -0.23 | 0.175 | 160 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country | +0.27 | +0.23 | 0.169 | 174 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Divorce rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate (UN) by country | +0.21 | +0.22 | 0.178 | 80 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Free and fair electionsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Free and fair elections by country | +0.51 | +0.21 | 0.477 | 158 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Expected schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Expected schooling by country | +0.63 | +0.21 | 0.361 | 174 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Divorce rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate by country | +0.20 | +0.20 | 0.064 | 38 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Informal employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Informal employment by country | -0.65 | -0.20 | 0.310 | 132 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | -0.42 | -0.20 | 0.531 | 174 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Interpersonal trustCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Interpersonal trust by country | +0.21 | -0.19 | 0.295 | 97 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | -0.35 | -0.19 | 0.423 | 174 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Marriage rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Marriage rate (UN) by country | +0.08 | +0.18 | 0.053 | 87 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Births outside marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Births outside marriage by country | -0.19 | -0.18 | 0.330 | 35 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Wellbeing scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Wellbeing score by country | +0.36 | -0.18 | 0.093 | 97 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country | -0.42 | -0.18 | 0.579 | 174 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and PISA mathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA maths by country | +0.30 | +0.17 | 0.185 | 77 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | -0.38 | -0.17 | 0.501 | 173 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Median ageLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Median age by country | +0.65 | +0.17 | 0.262 | 177 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Rule of lawLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Rule of law by country | +0.56 | +0.17 | 0.486 | 176 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Female labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Female labor participation by country | -0.11 | -0.17 | 0.058 | 164 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and UnemploymentAlmost no link either way. Unemployment by country | +0.08 | +0.16 | 0.258 | 164 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country | +0.42 | +0.16 | 0.556 | 158 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Male labor participationAlmost no link either way. Male labor participation by country | -0.09 | -0.16 | 0.342 | 164 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and ResearchersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Researchers by country | +0.37 | -0.16 | 0.505 | 121 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country | +0.19 | +0.15 | 0.112 | 35 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Religious attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religious attendance by country | -0.49 | -0.15 | 0.562 | 95 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Tertiary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.15) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tertiary enrollment by country | +0.57 | +0.15 | 0.118 | 162 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Active labour market spendingAlmost no link either way. Active labour market spending by country | -0.04 | -0.14 | 0.313 | 35 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Voice and accountabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Voice and accountability by country | +0.45 | +0.14 | 0.489 | 176 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country | +0.18 | -0.14 | 0.315 | 177 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Primary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Primary enrollment by country | +0.07 | +0.14 | 0.729 | 173 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | +0.38 | +0.14 | 0.363 | 158 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and PISA scienceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA science by country | +0.28 | +0.14 | 0.246 | 77 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and HIV prevalenceAlmost no link either way. HIV prevalence by country | -0.06 | +0.14 | 0.489 | 140 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tuberculosis incidence by country | -0.44 | -0.14 | 0.368 | 176 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Government consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country | +0.16 | +0.14 | 0.434 | 159 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Recycling rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Recycling rate by country | +0.10 | +0.13 | 0.347 | 28 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Compulsory schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | +0.34 | +0.13 | 0.330 | 166 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Conflict deathsAlmost no link either way. Conflict deaths by country | -0.00 | +0.13 | 0.158 | 175 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Equality scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Equality score by country | +0.51 | +0.13 | 0.527 | 152 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | +0.23 | +0.13 | 0.365 | 155 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Youth not in work or studyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Youth not in work or study by country | -0.28 | +0.12 | 0.082 | 160 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country | -0.28 | -0.12 | 0.415 | 175 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | +0.36 | +0.12 | 0.160 | 176 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Government spending per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government spending per capita by country | +0.11 | -0.12 | 0.413 | 36 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Self-reported happinessAlmost no link either way. Self-reported happiness by country | +0.09 | -0.11 | 0.521 | 97 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Children with one parentAlmost no link either way. Children with one parent by country | -0.08 | -0.11 | 0.471 | 32 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Hospital bedsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hospital beds by country | +0.44 | +0.11 | 0.472 | 160 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country | +0.37 | +0.10 | 0.704 | 158 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Migrant share of population by country | +0.32 | -0.10 | 0.308 | 176 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Market-income GiniCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Market-income Gini by country | -0.10 | +0.10 | 0.722 | 38 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Frequent prayerCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Frequent prayer by country | -0.45 | -0.09 | 0.657 | 71 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Governance scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country | +0.38 | +0.09 | 0.706 | 161 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | +0.32 | +0.09 | 0.219 | 159 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and PhysiciansLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Physicians by country | +0.57 | +0.09 | 0.102 | 174 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Liberal democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Liberal democracy by country | +0.40 | +0.08 | 0.794 | 158 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Control of corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Control of corruption by country | +0.52 | +0.08 | 0.724 | 176 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Public social spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public social spending by country | +0.16 | +0.08 | 0.057 | 35 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and PISA readingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA reading by country | +0.24 | +0.08 | 0.360 | 77 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Military spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Military spending by country | +0.13 | +0.08 | 0.145 | 147 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Government effectivenessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government effectiveness by country | +0.60 | +0.07 | 0.707 | 176 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country | +0.36 | +0.07 | 0.817 | 158 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Suicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country | +0.19 | +0.07 | 0.711 | 168 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country | -0.32 | -0.07 | 0.634 | 176 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country | -0.13 | +0.07 | 0.573 | 152 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Corporate tax rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corporate tax rate by country | -0.29 | -0.06 | 0.664 | 75 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Premature NCD mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Premature NCD mortality by country | -0.41 | +0.05 | 0.830 | 168 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Population 65+Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 65+ by country | +0.52 | +0.05 | 0.461 | 177 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Family benefits spendingAlmost no link either way. Family benefits spending by country | +0.01 | -0.05 | 0.644 | 35 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Christian shareAlmost no link either way. Christian share by country | +0.05 | +0.05 | 0.830 | 168 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Religion very importantCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religion very important by country | -0.41 | -0.04 | 0.888 | 97 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Life satisfactionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life satisfaction by country | +0.58 | +0.04 | 0.851 | 149 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Political corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Political corruption by country | -0.46 | -0.04 | 0.893 | 158 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and InflationAlmost no link either way. Inflation by country | -0.05 | +0.04 | 0.721 | 171 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Homicide rateAlmost no link either way. Homicide rate by country | -0.01 | +0.04 | 0.438 | 152 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and UrbanizationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Urbanization by country | +0.45 | +0.04 | 0.786 | 177 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and GDP growthAlmost no link either way. GDP growth by country | -0.09 | +0.04 | 0.686 | 177 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | +0.12 | -0.04 | 0.830 | 158 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country | -0.18 | +0.03 | 0.780 | 176 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Single-parent householdsAlmost no link either way. Single-parent households by country | -0.01 | +0.03 | 0.779 | 142 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Muslim shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country | -0.16 | -0.03 | 0.899 | 168 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Fixed broadbandLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fixed broadband by country | +0.57 | +0.03 | 0.589 | 175 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Women in parliamentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country | +0.11 | -0.03 | 0.883 | 173 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | +0.25 | -0.03 | 0.787 | 168 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | +0.22 | +0.03 | 0.885 | 169 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Labour scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Labour score by country | +0.47 | -0.02 | 0.736 | 171 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | +0.06 | -0.02 | 0.387 | 177 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Corruption Perceptions IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | +0.48 | +0.02 | 0.939 | 164 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and One-person householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. One-person households by country | +0.45 | -0.02 | 0.875 | 142 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Trust in governmentAlmost no link either way. Trust in government by country | +0.00 | -0.02 | 0.962 | 40 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Protected landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Protected land by country | +0.14 | +0.02 | 0.843 | 176 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | +0.16 | -0.02 | 0.905 | 158 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Road traffic deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Road traffic deaths by country | -0.46 | -0.02 | 0.787 | 172 | high |
| Skilled birth attendance and Women ministersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country | +0.10 | -0.02 | 0.907 | 173 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Regulatory qualityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Regulatory quality by country | +0.54 | +0.02 | 0.941 | 176 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. CO2 per capita by country | +0.29 | -0.02 | 0.860 | 172 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and Confidence in religious institutionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country | -0.28 | +0.02 | 0.969 | 97 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and RedistributionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Redistribution by country | +0.27 | -0.02 | 0.950 | 38 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | +0.31 | -0.01 | 0.902 | 171 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | +0.18 | +0.01 | 0.947 | 158 | moderate |
| Skilled birth attendance and Retirement age, womenAlmost no link either way. Retirement age, women by country | -0.04 | +0.01 | 0.987 | 42 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Forest areaAlmost no link either way. Forest area by country | +0.04 | -0.01 | 0.966 | 176 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Marriage rateAlmost no link either way. Marriage rate by country | -0.00 | -0.00 | 0.980 | 39 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country | +0.11 | -0.00 | 0.999 | 158 | independent |
| Skilled birth attendance and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | +0.47 | — | — | 177 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | +0.46 | — | — | 177 | proxy |
| Skilled birth attendance and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | +0.37 | — | — | 177 | proxy |