Religion very important
Share saying religion is very important in their life
Link with national income-0.66strongly income-linked
Links that hold up25of 158 pairs tested
Unit% of respondentshigher is neither better nor worse
SourceIVSFree for non-commercial use with attribution
What this measures. The strongest of four answers. The others are "rather", "not very" and "not at all" important. Thinking religion is important is different from attending services, and the gap between them is the interesting part. The United States reports high importance while attendance falls. Several Catholic countries show the reverse. No "better" direction is set, for the same reason as attendance. The survey runs in waves, not every year.
How it has moved
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Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
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Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Religion very important and Frequent prayerWhere Religion very important is higher, Frequent prayer tends to be higher: a strong link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Frequent prayer by country | +0.91 | +0.85 | 0.017 | 78 | high |
| Religion very important and Religious attendanceWhere Religion very important is higher, Religious attendance tends to be higher: a strong link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religious attendance by country | +0.84 | +0.71 | 0.006 | 105 | high |
| Religion very important and Confidence in religious institutionsWhere Religion very important is higher, Confidence in religious institutions tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country | +0.73 | +0.62 | 0.029 | 107 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Suicide rateWhere Religion very important is higher, Suicide rate tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country | -0.65 | -0.56 | 0.007 | 103 | independent |
| Religion very important and PISA mathsWhere Religion very important is higher, PISA maths tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA maths by country | -0.73 | -0.56 | 0.032 | 76 | high |
| Religion very important and PISA scienceWhere Religion very important is higher, PISA science tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA science by country | -0.73 | -0.56 | 0.027 | 76 | high |
| Religion very important and PISA readingWhere Religion very important is higher, PISA reading tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA reading by country | -0.73 | -0.55 | 0.014 | 76 | high |
| Religion very important and Alcohol consumptionWhere Religion very important is higher, Alcohol consumption tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | -0.69 | -0.55 | 0.048 | 102 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Fixed broadbandWhere Religion very important is higher, Fixed broadband tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fixed broadband by country | -0.76 | -0.55 | 0.032 | 106 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Gender Inequality IndexWhere Religion very important is higher, Gender Inequality Index tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Inequality Index by country | +0.75 | +0.54 | 0.026 | 100 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Hospital bedsWhere Religion very important is higher, Hospital beds tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hospital beds by country | -0.58 | -0.45 | 0.037 | 101 | high |
| Religion very important and Median ageWhere Religion very important is higher, Median age tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Median age by country | -0.71 | -0.44 | 0.024 | 107 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Recycling rateWhere Religion very important is higher, Recycling rate tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Recycling rate by country | -0.52 | -0.44 | 0.040 | 33 | moderate |
| Religion very important and HDIWhere Religion very important is higher, HDI tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. HDI by country | -0.69 | -0.38 | 0.003 | 104 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Political stabilityWhere Religion very important is higher, Political stability tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Political stability by country | -0.67 | -0.37 | 0.009 | 107 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Wellbeing scoreWhere Religion very important is higher, Wellbeing score tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Wellbeing score by country | -0.64 | -0.35 | 0.008 | 107 | high |
| Religion very important and ResearchersWhere Religion very important is higher, Researchers tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Researchers by country | -0.66 | -0.34 | 0.032 | 95 | proxy |
| Religion very important and PhysiciansWhere Religion very important is higher, Physicians tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Physicians by country | -0.65 | -0.34 | 0.003 | 103 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Public social spendingWhere Religion very important is higher, Public social spending tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Public social spending by country | -0.49 | -0.34 | 0.035 | 40 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Gender Development IndexWhere Religion very important is higher, Gender Development Index tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Development Index by country | -0.59 | -0.33 | 0.036 | 103 | high |
| Religion very important and Health spendingWhere Religion very important is higher, Health spending tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country | -0.53 | -0.32 | 0.024 | 103 | independent |
| Religion very important and Education scoreWhere Religion very important is higher, Education score tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Education score by country | -0.66 | -0.30 | 0.021 | 104 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Population 0-14Where Religion very important is higher, Population 0-14 tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 0-14 by country | +0.66 | +0.29 | 0.044 | 107 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Rule of lawWhere Religion very important is higher, Rule of law tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Rule of law by country | -0.64 | -0.29 | 0.046 | 107 | high |
| Religion very important and Birth rateWhere Religion very important is higher, Birth rate tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth rate by country | +0.65 | +0.28 | 0.024 | 107 | proxy |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 88 countries reporting all of them, and 71 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 55% | — |
| 2 | 59% | +4% |
| 3 | 64% | +4% |
| 4 | 68% | +4% |
| 5 | 68% | +1% |
| 6 | 70% | +2% |
How it differs by category
This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.
The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.
| Grouped by | Between groups | After income | q | Groups at each end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last European coloniser | 0.45 | 0.56 | 0.006 | largest: United Kingdom 71.8% · smallest: Never a European colony 41.5% % of respondents |
| Largest religious group | 0.57 | 0.44 | 0.003 | largest: Muslims 74.2% · smallest: Christians 36.9% % of respondents |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
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| Religion very important and Religiously unaffiliatedComparing only countries with similar income it is still -0.58, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Religiously unaffiliated by country | -0.70 | -0.58 | 0.090 | 106 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Population 65+Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.54) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 65+ by country | -0.75 | -0.54 | 0.057 | 107 | high |
| Religion very important and One-person householdsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.53) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. One-person households by country | -0.74 | -0.53 | 0.094 | 89 | high |
| Religion very important and Muslim shareComparing only countries with similar income it is still +0.53, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Muslim share by country | +0.62 | +0.53 | 0.111 | 106 | independent |
| Religion very important and Family benefits spendingComparing only countries with similar income it is still -0.45, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Family benefits spending by country | -0.53 | -0.45 | 0.101 | 40 | independent |
| Religion very important and Women's age at first marriageComparing only countries with similar income it is still -0.44, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Women's age at first marriage by country | -0.51 | -0.44 | 0.061 | 39 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Women in parliamentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country | -0.46 | -0.44 | 0.085 | 102 | independent |
| Religion very important and Interpersonal trustLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.43) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Interpersonal trust by country | -0.64 | -0.43 | 0.165 | 107 | high |
| Religion very important and Women's political empowermentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.41) could easily be chance. Women's political empowerment by country | -0.60 | -0.41 | 0.298 | 103 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Health scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health score by country | -0.47 | -0.41 | 0.135 | 103 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Gender scoreComparing only countries with similar income it is still -0.41, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Gender score by country | -0.52 | -0.41 | 0.185 | 102 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Female labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Female labor participation by country | -0.49 | -0.40 | 0.121 | 105 | independent |
| Religion very important and Inequality-adjusted HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.39) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | -0.76 | -0.39 | 0.077 | 98 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Gender wage gapCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender wage gap by country | -0.25 | -0.37 | 0.193 | 36 | independent |
| Religion very important and CO2 per capitaAlmost no link either way. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. CO2 per capita by country | -0.07 | +0.36 | 0.419 | 102 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Single-parent householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Single-parent households by country | -0.24 | -0.35 | 0.065 | 89 | independent |
| Religion very important and Primary enrollmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Primary enrollment by country | -0.16 | -0.34 | 0.324 | 104 | independent |
| Religion very important and Hours workedLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.34) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hours worked by country | +0.56 | +0.34 | 0.091 | 37 | high |
| Religion very important and Births outside marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Births outside marriage by country | -0.31 | -0.34 | 0.465 | 40 | independent |
| Religion very important and Infrastructure scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.33) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infrastructure score by country | -0.68 | -0.33 | 0.071 | 106 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country | +0.12 | +0.33 | 0.207 | 104 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Voice and accountabilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.33) could easily be chance. Voice and accountability by country | -0.62 | -0.33 | 0.252 | 107 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Mean years of schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.32) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Mean years of schooling by country | -0.65 | -0.32 | 0.172 | 104 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Agricultural landAlmost no link either way. Agricultural land by country | -0.07 | -0.32 | 0.053 | 105 | independent |
| Religion very important and Trust in governmentAlmost no link either way. Trust in government by country | +0.03 | +0.32 | 0.484 | 45 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Aid given by country | -0.24 | -0.32 | 0.074 | 44 | high |
| Religion very important and Informal employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.31) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Informal employment by country | +0.75 | +0.31 | 0.136 | 79 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Participatory democracyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.30) could easily be chance. Participatory democracy by country | -0.55 | -0.30 | 0.349 | 103 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Migrant share of population by country | -0.18 | +0.29 | 0.384 | 106 | high |
| Religion very important and Free and fair electionsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Free and fair elections by country | -0.57 | -0.29 | 0.404 | 103 | high |
| Religion very important and Control of corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Control of corruption by country | -0.63 | -0.29 | 0.058 | 107 | high |
| Religion very important and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Public order spending by country | +0.45 | +0.29 | 0.273 | 35 | high |
| Religion very important and Civil liberties (FH)Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.28) could easily be chance. Civil liberties (FH) by country | +0.57 | +0.28 | 0.421 | 105 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Tertiary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tertiary enrollment by country | -0.61 | -0.28 | 0.204 | 102 | high |
| Religion very important and Anaemia in womenLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Anaemia in women by country | +0.57 | +0.28 | 0.205 | 102 | high |
| Religion very important and Population growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population growth by country | +0.45 | +0.28 | 0.089 | 107 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Liberal democracyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. Liberal democracy by country | -0.56 | -0.28 | 0.331 | 103 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Regime typeLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.27) could easily be chance. Regime type by country | -0.53 | -0.27 | 0.431 | 103 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Expected schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Expected schooling by country | -0.62 | -0.27 | 0.254 | 104 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Government effectivenessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.26) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government effectiveness by country | -0.64 | -0.26 | 0.057 | 107 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Forest areaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Forest area by country | -0.35 | -0.26 | 0.477 | 104 | independent |
| Religion very important and Male labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Male labor participation by country | +0.32 | +0.26 | 0.187 | 105 | independent |
| Religion very important and Corruption Perceptions IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.26) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | -0.59 | -0.26 | 0.292 | 104 | high |
| Religion very important and Life satisfactionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.26) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life satisfaction by country | -0.61 | -0.26 | 0.101 | 105 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Electoral democracyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.26) could easily be chance. Electoral democracy by country | -0.53 | -0.26 | 0.481 | 103 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Regulatory qualityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.25) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Regulatory quality by country | -0.62 | -0.25 | 0.176 | 107 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Youth not in work or studyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.25) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Youth not in work or study by country | +0.56 | +0.25 | 0.080 | 100 | high |
| Religion very important and Children with one parentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Children with one parent by country | -0.27 | -0.25 | 0.636 | 38 | independent |
| Religion very important and Women ministersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country | -0.36 | -0.25 | 0.109 | 102 | independent |
| Religion very important and Governance scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.24) could easily be chance. Governance score by country | -0.53 | -0.24 | 0.450 | 104 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Environment scoreAlmost no link either way. Environment score by country | -0.10 | -0.24 | 0.340 | 105 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Fertility rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.23) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fertility rate by country | +0.61 | +0.23 | 0.063 | 107 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Christian shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Christian share by country | -0.27 | -0.23 | 0.472 | 106 | independent |
| Religion very important and Government consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country | -0.41 | -0.23 | 0.472 | 102 | independent |
| Religion very important and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country | -0.28 | -0.23 | 0.146 | 37 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Infant mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.23) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infant mortality by country | +0.60 | +0.23 | 0.258 | 104 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Divorce rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate by country | -0.19 | -0.23 | 0.419 | 43 | independent |
| Religion very important and Adult literacyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adult literacy by country | -0.47 | -0.23 | 0.175 | 68 | high |
| Religion very important and Child stuntingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Child stunting by country | +0.51 | +0.22 | 0.357 | 83 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Political corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Political corruption by country | +0.57 | +0.22 | 0.115 | 103 | high |
| Religion very important and Protected landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Protected land by country | -0.35 | -0.22 | 0.275 | 105 | independent |
| Religion very important and Secondary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Secondary enrollment by country | -0.60 | -0.22 | 0.064 | 103 | high |
| Religion very important and Health coverage indexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Health coverage index by country | -0.62 | -0.21 | 0.300 | 103 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Political rights (FH)Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.21) could easily be chance. Political rights (FH) by country | +0.50 | +0.21 | 0.612 | 105 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | -0.39 | -0.19 | 0.432 | 40 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Refugees originatingAlmost no link either way. Refugees originating by country | -0.03 | -0.19 | 0.360 | 105 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Government expenseCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country | -0.46 | -0.17 | 0.433 | 90 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Under-5 mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Under-5 mortality by country | +0.56 | +0.17 | 0.391 | 104 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Birth registrationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth registration by country | -0.49 | -0.16 | 0.481 | 95 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Market-income GiniCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Market-income Gini by country | +0.38 | +0.16 | 0.524 | 43 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Out of school, primaryCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country | +0.44 | +0.16 | 0.386 | 102 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Married by 18Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Married by 18 by country | +0.42 | +0.15 | 0.522 | 70 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | +0.42 | +0.14 | 0.377 | 104 | moderate |
| Religion very important and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | +0.27 | +0.14 | 0.286 | 107 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Education spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Education spending by country | -0.25 | -0.14 | 0.623 | 101 | independent |
| Religion very important and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | -0.36 | -0.13 | 0.718 | 103 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | -0.26 | -0.13 | 0.553 | 88 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Slum share of urban populationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Slum share of urban population by country | +0.54 | +0.13 | 0.520 | 103 | high |
| Religion very important and Retirement age, womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, women by country | +0.16 | +0.13 | 0.419 | 47 | independent |
| Religion very important and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | +0.08 | +0.12 | 0.286 | 106 | independent |
| Religion very important and Basic water accessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic water access by country | -0.38 | +0.12 | 0.392 | 105 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | -0.42 | -0.11 | 0.145 | 90 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Marriage rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate (UN) by country | +0.29 | +0.11 | 0.525 | 76 | independent |
| Religion very important and Maternal mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Maternal mortality by country | +0.41 | +0.11 | 0.650 | 104 | proxy |
| Religion very important and UndernourishmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Undernourishment by country | +0.40 | -0.10 | 0.720 | 99 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Road traffic deathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.10) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Road traffic deaths by country | +0.51 | +0.10 | 0.701 | 103 | high |
| Religion very important and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country | -0.27 | -0.10 | 0.750 | 103 | independent |
| Religion very important and Food insecurityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Food insecurity by country | +0.56 | +0.10 | 0.709 | 91 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | -0.33 | -0.10 | 0.825 | 103 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Retirement age, menCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, men by country | +0.26 | +0.10 | 0.315 | 47 | independent |
| Religion very important and Employment in agricultureCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Employment in agriculture by country | +0.47 | -0.10 | 0.626 | 105 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | -0.31 | -0.10 | 0.763 | 103 | moderate |
| Religion very important and UrbanizationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Urbanization by country | -0.38 | +0.10 | 0.765 | 107 | high |
| Religion very important and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | +0.39 | +0.09 | 0.454 | 103 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | +0.32 | +0.09 | 0.601 | 106 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Life expectancyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life expectancy by country | -0.57 | -0.09 | 0.731 | 107 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Adolescent fertilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adolescent fertility by country | +0.52 | +0.09 | 0.701 | 107 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Divorce rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Divorce rate (UN) by country | -0.07 | -0.09 | 0.749 | 72 | independent |
| Religion very important and RedistributionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Redistribution by country | -0.42 | -0.09 | 0.762 | 43 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Conflict deathsAlmost no link either way. Conflict deaths by country | +0.06 | -0.09 | 0.501 | 104 | moderate |
| Religion very important and DTP3 immunisationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country | -0.18 | +0.08 | 0.767 | 103 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tuberculosis incidence by country | +0.37 | +0.08 | 0.672 | 106 | high |
| Religion very important and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country | -0.14 | -0.08 | 0.563 | 40 | independent |
| Religion very important and Electricity accessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Electricity access by country | -0.37 | +0.07 | 0.616 | 106 | high |
| Religion very important and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | -0.23 | +0.06 | 0.730 | 107 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Primary completionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Primary completion by country | -0.42 | +0.06 | 0.804 | 97 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country | +0.28 | +0.06 | 0.833 | 97 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Compulsory schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | -0.21 | -0.06 | 0.462 | 106 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Vulnerable employmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Vulnerable employment by country | +0.48 | -0.05 | 0.867 | 105 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Premature NCD mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Premature NCD mortality by country | +0.35 | -0.05 | 0.760 | 103 | high |
| Religion very important and Pupil-teacher ratioLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | +0.51 | -0.05 | 0.804 | 98 | proxy |
| Religion very important and InflationAlmost no link either way. Inflation by country | +0.05 | -0.05 | 0.780 | 105 | independent |
| Religion very important and UnemploymentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment by country | +0.19 | +0.05 | 0.800 | 105 | independent |
| Religion very important and Skilled birth attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Skilled birth attendance by country | -0.41 | -0.04 | 0.888 | 97 | high |
| Religion very important and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | -0.27 | +0.04 | 0.536 | 102 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Corporate tax rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corporate tax rate by country | +0.26 | +0.04 | 0.854 | 61 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Labour scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Labour score by country | -0.51 | -0.04 | 0.861 | 105 | high |
| Religion very important and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country | +0.18 | +0.04 | 0.834 | 99 | independent |
| Religion very important and HIV prevalenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | +0.15 | -0.03 | 0.735 | 81 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Internet usersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Internet users by country | -0.53 | -0.03 | 0.881 | 107 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Homicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Homicide rate by country | +0.17 | -0.03 | 0.846 | 103 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Extreme poverty rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Extreme poverty rate by country | +0.43 | -0.03 | 0.881 | 97 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Equality scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Equality score by country | -0.41 | -0.03 | 0.929 | 97 | high |
| Religion very important and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country | -0.19 | +0.03 | 0.812 | 107 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Military spendingAlmost no link either way. Military spending by country | +0.00 | -0.03 | 0.938 | 100 | independent |
| Religion very important and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country | -0.40 | -0.02 | 0.920 | 107 | moderate |
| Religion very important and Government spending per capitaLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government spending per capita by country | -0.54 | +0.01 | 0.982 | 41 | proxy |
| Religion very important and Basic sanitationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic sanitation by country | -0.45 | -0.01 | 0.982 | 105 | high |
| Religion very important and Marriage rateAlmost no link either way. Marriage rate by country | +0.03 | +0.01 | 0.988 | 44 | independent |
| Religion very important and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | -0.12 | -0.01 | 0.965 | 100 | independent |
| Religion very important and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | -0.53 | — | — | 107 | proxy |
| Religion very important and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | -0.55 | — | — | 107 | proxy |
| Religion very important and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | -0.51 | — | — | 107 | proxy |
Source
World Values Survey Association and European Values Study · via Our World in Data
Free for non-commercial use with attribution · licence terms · updated irregular (survey waves, roughly every 5 years)
Haerpfer, C. et al., World Values Survey; EVS, European Values Study