placestats

Retirement age, women

Average effective age of retirement, women

Link with national income-0.04largely independent of national income
Links that hold up5of 156 pairs tested
Unityearshigher is neither better nor worse
SourceOECDCC BY 4.0 (OECD terms and conditions)

How it has moved

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Every country, every year

One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.

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Links that hold up

r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.

MeasureBefore adjustingAfter adjustingqCountriesTracks income?
Retirement age, women and Gender wage gapWhere Retirement age, women is higher, Gender wage gap tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Gender wage gap by country+0.69+0.690.02036independent
Retirement age, women and RedistributionWhere Retirement age, women is higher, Redistribution tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Redistribution by country-0.34-0.500.02444moderate
Retirement age, women and Public social spendingWhere Retirement age, women is higher, Public social spending tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Public social spending by country-0.44-0.440.03939moderate
Retirement age, women and Government effectivenessWhere Retirement age, women is higher, Government effectiveness tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Government effectiveness by country+0.18+0.400.01549proxy
Retirement age, women and Premature NCD mortalityWhere Retirement age, women is higher, Premature NCD mortality tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Premature NCD mortality by country-0.13-0.280.02249high

Links that don’t count as findings

These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.

MeasureBefore adjustingAfter adjustingqCountriesTracks income?
Retirement age, women and Retirement age, menTwo ways of measuring the same thing, so their agreement tells you about measurement, not about the world. Retirement age, men by country+0.75+0.750.02749independent

How much the other measures account for

The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 47 countries reporting all of them, and 71 candidate measures.

This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
Patterns usedShare of this measure accounted forAdded by this pattern
10%—
20%+0%
39%+8%
412%+3%
522%+10%
625%+3%

Every other pair

Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.

150 of 150
Retirement age, women and Old-age spendingComparing only countries with similar income it is still -0.54, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Old-age spending by country-0.53-0.540.11439independent
Retirement age, women and Informal employmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Informal employment by country+0.43+0.490.08941proxy
Retirement age, women and Female labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Female labor participation by country+0.34+0.450.16649independent
Retirement age, women and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country-0.40-0.430.08249independent
Retirement age, women and Road traffic deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Road traffic deaths by country-0.26-0.390.53149high
Retirement age, women and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country+0.32+0.380.30349moderate
Retirement age, women and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country+0.30+0.370.20849moderate
Retirement age, women and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country+0.30+0.360.19947moderate
Retirement age, women and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country+0.23+0.360.27349moderate
Retirement age, women and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country+0.26+0.360.32249moderate
Retirement age, women and Government expenseCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country-0.35-0.360.39547moderate
Retirement age, women and Regulatory qualityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regulatory quality by country+0.15+0.350.05049proxy
Retirement age, women and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country+0.27+0.340.28849moderate
Retirement age, women and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country+0.23+0.340.31249moderate
Retirement age, women and Hours workedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Hours worked by country+0.23+0.330.06238high
Retirement age, women and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country-0.27-0.330.28649moderate
Retirement age, women and Free and fair electionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Free and fair elections by country+0.24+0.320.41949high
Retirement age, women and Governance scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country+0.23+0.320.34249moderate
Retirement age, women and Corruption Perceptions IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corruption Perceptions Index by country+0.13+0.320.10549high
Retirement age, women and PISA readingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA reading by country+0.13+0.320.53546high
Retirement age, women and Liberal democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Liberal democracy by country+0.20+0.310.29749moderate
Retirement age, women and ResearchersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Researchers by country+0.13+0.310.32748proxy
Retirement age, women and Forest areaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Forest area by country+0.31+0.300.35249independent
Retirement age, women and PISA scienceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA science by country+0.12+0.300.57646high
Retirement age, women and Government spending per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government spending per capita by country-0.35-0.300.29141proxy
Retirement age, women and Voice and accountabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Voice and accountability by country+0.18+0.300.34549moderate
Retirement age, women and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country-0.29-0.290.28139moderate
Retirement age, women and Government consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country-0.32-0.290.17449independent
Retirement age, women and Birth registrationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Birth registration by country-0.33-0.290.50547proxy
Retirement age, women and Rule of lawCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Rule of law by country+0.11+0.290.10749high
Retirement age, women and Male labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Male labor participation by country+0.30+0.280.59549independent
Retirement age, women and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country+0.20+0.280.37149independent
Retirement age, women and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country+0.21+0.280.58949moderate
Retirement age, women and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Migrant share of population by country-0.28-0.260.44549high
Retirement age, women and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public order spending by country-0.23-0.260.60635high
Retirement age, women and PhysiciansCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Physicians by country-0.29-0.260.37249proxy
Retirement age, women and PISA mathsAlmost no link either way. PISA maths by country+0.05+0.260.65446high
Retirement age, women and Control of corruptionAlmost no link either way. Control of corruption by country+0.08+0.260.25749high
Retirement age, women and Protected landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Protected land by country-0.27-0.260.51649independent
Retirement age, women and Age at childbearingAlmost no link either way. Age at childbearing by country+0.08+0.250.43649moderate
Retirement age, women and Population growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population growth by country-0.27-0.250.67849moderate
Retirement age, women and Anaemia in womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Anaemia in women by country-0.11-0.250.19149high
Retirement age, women and Corporate tax rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corporate tax rate by country+0.27+0.250.34848moderate
Retirement age, women and Women ministersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country+0.20+0.240.56149independent
Retirement age, women and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country-0.15-0.240.43349moderate
Retirement age, women and Primary enrollmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Primary enrollment by country-0.20-0.230.08149independent
Retirement age, women and Maternal mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Maternal mortality by country+0.24+0.220.41449proxy
Retirement age, women and Life expectancyAlmost no link either way. Life expectancy by country+0.04+0.220.24549proxy
Retirement age, women and Military spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Military spending by country-0.22-0.210.16348independent
Retirement age, women and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country-0.17-0.210.45049independent
Retirement age, women and Health coverage indexAlmost no link either way. Health coverage index by country+0.08+0.210.13249proxy
Retirement age, women and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country-0.21-0.210.56649moderate
Retirement age, women and Vulnerable employmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Vulnerable employment by country+0.23+0.210.22349proxy
Retirement age, women and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tuberculosis incidence by country+0.23+0.200.53449high
Retirement age, women and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country-0.24-0.200.25349moderate
Retirement age, women and UrbanizationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Urbanization by country+0.12+0.200.19649high
Retirement age, women and Wellbeing scoreAlmost no link either way. Wellbeing score by country+0.08+0.200.45547high
Retirement age, women and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country+0.15+0.200.62249moderate
Retirement age, women and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country-0.20-0.190.47639independent
Retirement age, women and Political corruptionAlmost no link either way. Political corruption by country-0.04-0.190.26049high
Retirement age, women and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country+0.21+0.180.54947moderate
Retirement age, women and DTP3 immunisationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country-0.22-0.180.32349moderate
Retirement age, women and One-person householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. One-person households by country-0.23-0.180.25039high
Retirement age, women and HIV prevalenceAlmost no link either way. HIV prevalence by country-0.07-0.170.66036moderate
Retirement age, women and Slum share of urban populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Slum share of urban population by country+0.21+0.170.36148high
Retirement age, women and Recycling rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Recycling rate by country+0.14+0.170.74534moderate
Retirement age, women and HDIAlmost no link either way. HDI by country-0.04+0.170.26349proxy
Retirement age, women and Health scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health score by country+0.12+0.160.67749moderate
Retirement age, women and Trust in governmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trust in government by country+0.12+0.160.28543moderate
Retirement age, women and Equality scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Equality score by country-0.19-0.160.59547high
Retirement age, women and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country+0.20+0.160.38549moderate
Retirement age, women and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country-0.15-0.160.68549moderate
Retirement age, women and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. CO2 per capita by country-0.19-0.160.71849proxy
Retirement age, women and Women's age at first marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's age at first marriage by country-0.17-0.160.23740moderate
Retirement age, women and Births outside marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Births outside marriage by country-0.15-0.150.78641independent
Retirement age, women and Christian shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Christian share by country-0.17-0.150.67249independent
Retirement age, women and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country+0.12+0.150.43349moderate
Retirement age, women and Market-income GiniCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Market-income Gini by country-0.17-0.150.52444moderate
Retirement age, women and Marriage rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country-0.14-0.150.56044independent
Retirement age, women and Political stabilityAlmost no link either way. Political stability by country+0.03+0.140.35149moderate
Retirement age, women and Employment in agricultureCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Employment in agriculture by country+0.19+0.140.50649proxy
Retirement age, women and Confidence in religious institutionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country+0.17+0.130.41547moderate
Retirement age, women and Hospital bedsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Hospital beds by country+0.11+0.130.80449high
Retirement age, women and UnemploymentAlmost no link either way. Unemployment by country-0.09-0.130.68649independent
Retirement age, women and Frequent prayerCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Frequent prayer by country+0.12+0.130.35929high
Retirement age, women and Religion very importantCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religion very important by country+0.16+0.130.41947high
Retirement age, women and Child stuntingAlmost no link either way. Child stunting by country+0.03-0.130.80730proxy
Retirement age, women and Life satisfactionAlmost no link either way. Life satisfaction by country-0.00+0.120.68649proxy
Retirement age, women and Fertility rateAlmost no link either way. Fertility rate by country-0.07-0.120.54049proxy
Retirement age, women and Health spendingAlmost no link either way. Health spending by country+0.05+0.120.64149independent
Retirement age, women and Electricity accessAlmost no link either way. Electricity access by country+0.05+0.110.67649high
Retirement age, women and Single-parent householdsAlmost no link either way. Single-parent households by country-0.10-0.110.44139independent
Retirement age, women and Labour scoreAlmost no link either way. Labour score by country-0.01+0.100.76449high
Retirement age, women and Youth not in work or studyAlmost no link either way. Youth not in work or study by country+0.05-0.100.78847high
Retirement age, women and Suicide rateAlmost no link either way. Suicide rate by country+0.09+0.100.76449independent
Retirement age, women and Refugees originatingAlmost no link either way. Refugees originating by country-0.09-0.100.31949moderate
Retirement age, women and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country-0.11-0.090.78744moderate
Retirement age, women and Fixed broadbandCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Fixed broadband by country-0.16-0.090.39249proxy
Retirement age, women and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country+0.11+0.090.66047independent
Retirement age, women and Basic sanitationAlmost no link either way. Basic sanitation by country-0.01+0.090.70449high
Retirement age, women and Divorce rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Divorce rate (UN) by country-0.08-0.090.26240independent
Retirement age, women and Population 65+Almost no link either way. Population 65+ by country+0.02+0.090.86149high
Retirement age, women and Gender Inequality IndexAlmost no link either way. Gender Inequality Index by country+0.05-0.090.79849proxy
Retirement age, women and Interpersonal trustAlmost no link either way. Interpersonal trust by country+0.02+0.080.74047high
Retirement age, women and Armed conflict presentAlmost no link either way. Armed conflict present by country+0.01-0.080.79549moderate
Retirement age, women and Food insecurityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Food insecurity by country+0.15+0.080.88245proxy
Retirement age, women and Mean years of schoolingAlmost no link either way. Mean years of schooling by country-0.03+0.080.70649proxy
Retirement age, women and Education scoreAlmost no link either way. Education score by country+0.00+0.070.73449proxy
Retirement age, women and Primary completionAlmost no link either way. Primary completion by country+0.00+0.070.84547proxy
Retirement age, women and Unemployment benefit spendingAlmost no link either way. Unemployment benefit spending by country-0.07-0.070.78038moderate
Retirement age, women and Under-5 mortalityAlmost no link either way. Under-5 mortality by country+0.05-0.070.83149proxy
Retirement age, women and Mobile subscriptionsAlmost no link either way. Mobile subscriptions by country+0.06+0.070.84949moderate
Retirement age, women and Out of school, primaryAlmost no link either way. Out of school, primary by country+0.09+0.070.84248moderate
Retirement age, women and Extreme poverty rateAlmost no link either way. Extreme poverty rate by country+0.01-0.070.82647proxy
Retirement age, women and Homicide rateAlmost no link either way. Homicide rate by country+0.01-0.060.83049moderate
Retirement age, women and UndernourishmentAlmost no link either way. Undernourishment by country+0.04-0.060.82048proxy
Retirement age, women and GDP growthAlmost no link either way. GDP growth by country-0.05-0.060.78549moderate
Retirement age, women and Children with one parentAlmost no link either way. Children with one parent by country+0.06+0.060.88838independent
Retirement age, women and Muslim shareAlmost no link either way. Muslim share by country-0.04-0.060.91549independent
Retirement age, women and Women in parliamentAlmost no link either way. Women in parliament by country+0.03+0.060.86749independent
Retirement age, women and Birth rateAlmost no link either way. Birth rate by country+0.00-0.060.87549proxy
Retirement age, women and Infrastructure scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Infrastructure score by country-0.13-0.060.69249proxy
Retirement age, women and Education spendingAlmost no link either way. Education spending by country-0.08-0.050.88049independent
Retirement age, women and Women in a unionAlmost no link either way. Women in a union by country+0.08+0.050.82649moderate
Retirement age, women and Adolescent fertilityAlmost no link either way. Adolescent fertility by country+0.05-0.040.84849proxy
Retirement age, women and Conflict deathsAlmost no link either way. Conflict deaths by country+0.07+0.040.87049moderate
Retirement age, women and Secondary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Secondary enrollment by country-0.09-0.040.79249high
Retirement age, women and Tax revenueAlmost no link either way. Tax revenue by country-0.03-0.040.92647moderate
Retirement age, women and Aid givenAlmost no link either way. Aid given by country-0.00-0.040.90941high
Retirement age, women and InflationAlmost no link either way. Inflation by country+0.05+0.030.79949independent
Retirement age, women and Basic water accessAlmost no link either way. Basic water access by country-0.09-0.030.89949proxy
Retirement age, women and Infant mortalityAlmost no link either way. Infant mortality by country+0.08-0.030.93649proxy
Retirement age, women and Divorce rateAlmost no link either way. Divorce rate by country+0.03+0.030.84943independent
Retirement age, women and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country-0.01-0.020.90049independent
Retirement age, women and Internet usersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Internet users by country-0.12-0.020.95549proxy
Retirement age, women and Gender Development IndexAlmost no link either way. Gender Development Index by country-0.06-0.020.96549high
Retirement age, women and Median ageAlmost no link either way. Median age by country-0.07-0.020.97249proxy
Retirement age, women and Inequality-adjusted HDIAlmost no link either way. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country-0.08+0.020.96148proxy
Retirement age, women and Population 0-14Almost no link either way. Population 0-14 by country+0.05-0.020.97149proxy
Retirement age, women and Pupil-teacher ratioCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pupil-teacher ratio by country+0.10+0.010.94946proxy
Retirement age, women and Marriage rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Marriage rate (UN) by country-0.01-0.010.91643independent
Retirement age, women and Alcohol consumptionAlmost no link either way. Alcohol consumption by country-0.06-0.010.97749moderate
Retirement age, women and Expected schoolingAlmost no link either way. Expected schooling by country-0.05+0.010.95049proxy
Retirement age, women and Tertiary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Tertiary enrollment by country-0.03+0.010.95949high
Retirement age, women and Religious attendanceAlmost no link either way. Religious attendance by country+0.05+0.010.96547high
Retirement age, women and Compulsory schoolingAlmost no link either way. Compulsory schooling by country-0.02-0.010.98749moderate
Retirement age, women and Skilled birth attendanceAlmost no link either way. Skilled birth attendance by country-0.04+0.010.98742high
Retirement age, women and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country-0.09——49proxy
Retirement age, women and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country-0.06——49proxy
Retirement age, women and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country+0.07——49proxy

Source

OECD · via Our World in Data

CC BY 4.0 (OECD terms and conditions) · licence terms · updated annual, except the snapshots noted per indicator

OECD databases as named on each indicator: PISA, Social Expenditure Database (SOCX), Income Distribution Database, Development Assistance Committee statistics, Family Database, Government at a Glance, Corporate Tax Statistics, employment and environment statistics