Extreme poverty rate
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
Link with national income-0.83essentially a measure of national income
Links that hold up14of 158 pairs tested
Unit% of populationhigher is worse
SourceWDICC BY 4.0
How it has moved
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Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
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Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extreme poverty rate and Electricity accessWhere Extreme poverty rate is higher, Electricity access tends to be lower: a strong link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Electricity access by country | -0.88 | -0.72 | 0.022 | 162 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Basic water accessWhere Extreme poverty rate is higher, Basic water access tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic water access by country | -0.85 | -0.63 | 0.017 | 161 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Female labor participationWhere Extreme poverty rate is higher, Female labor participation tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Female labor participation by country | +0.37 | +0.59 | 0.046 | 155 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and UndernourishmentWhere Extreme poverty rate is higher, Undernourishment tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Undernourishment by country | +0.77 | +0.49 | 0.017 | 146 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Birth registrationWhere Extreme poverty rate is higher, Birth registration tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth registration by country | -0.72 | -0.46 | 0.009 | 150 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Child stuntingWhere Extreme poverty rate is higher, Child stunting tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Child stunting by country | +0.76 | +0.41 | 0.026 | 140 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Pupil-teacher ratioWhere Extreme poverty rate is higher, Pupil-teacher ratio tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | +0.76 | +0.40 | 0.012 | 153 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and HIV prevalenceWhere Extreme poverty rate is higher, HIV prevalence tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | +0.42 | +0.39 | 0.027 | 130 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Adolescent fertilityWhere Extreme poverty rate is higher, Adolescent fertility tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adolescent fertility by country | +0.72 | +0.36 | 0.033 | 163 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Age at childbearingComparing only countries with similar income, Age at childbearing tends to be higher where Extreme poverty rate is higher: the opposite of the unadjusted figure, which only showed the income gap between countries. Age at childbearing by country | -0.18 | +0.31 | 0.041 | 163 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Corruption Perceptions IndexComparing only countries with similar income, Corruption Perceptions Index tends to be higher where Extreme poverty rate is higher: the opposite of the unadjusted figure, which only showed the income gap between countries. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | -0.41 | +0.31 | 0.006 | 154 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Alcohol consumptionComparing only countries with similar income, Alcohol consumption tends to be higher where Extreme poverty rate is higher: the opposite of the unadjusted figure, which only showed the income gap between countries. Alcohol consumption by country | -0.28 | +0.31 | 0.017 | 160 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Youth not in work or studyComparing only countries with similar income, Youth not in work or study tends to be lower where Extreme poverty rate is higher: the opposite of the unadjusted figure, which only showed the income gap between countries. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Youth not in work or study by country | +0.26 | -0.28 | 0.002 | 155 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Political corruptionComparing only countries with similar income, Political corruption tends to be lower where Extreme poverty rate is higher: the opposite of the unadjusted figure, which only showed the income gap between countries. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Political corruption by country | +0.39 | -0.26 | 0.047 | 152 | high |
Links that don’t count as findings
These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extreme poverty rate and Equality scoreNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Equality score by country | -0.88 | -0.77 | 0.003 | 163 | high |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 125 countries reporting all of them, and 71 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 55% | — |
| 2 | 71% | +16% |
| 3 | 73% | +2% |
| 4 | 73% | +0% |
| 5 | 73% | +0% |
| 6 | 74% | +1% |
How it differs by category
This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.
The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.
| Grouped by | Between groups | After income | q | Groups at each end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last European coloniser | 0.38 | 0.22 | 0.222 | worst: France 25.6% · best: Spain 5.48% % of population |
| Largest religious group | 0.04 | 0.33 | 0.003 | worst: Christians 14.8% · best: Muslims 12.8% % of population |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
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| Extreme poverty rate and Basic sanitationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.59) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic sanitation by country | -0.83 | -0.59 | 0.066 | 161 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Market-income GiniComparing only countries with similar income it is still +0.57, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Market-income Gini by country | +0.68 | +0.57 | 0.405 | 44 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Internet usersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.50) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Internet users by country | -0.82 | -0.50 | 0.094 | 163 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Children with one parentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Children with one parent by country | +0.37 | +0.47 | 0.119 | 38 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Infrastructure scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.46) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infrastructure score by country | -0.81 | -0.46 | 0.089 | 162 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Primary completionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.45) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Primary completion by country | -0.76 | -0.45 | 0.174 | 153 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Under-5 mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.41) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Under-5 mortality by country | +0.76 | +0.41 | 0.076 | 163 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country | -0.44 | -0.40 | 0.177 | 162 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Marriage rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country | -0.32 | -0.39 | 0.385 | 45 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Food insecurityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.38) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Food insecurity by country | +0.78 | +0.38 | 0.131 | 138 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Employment in agricultureLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.38) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Employment in agriculture by country | +0.77 | +0.38 | 0.088 | 155 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Infant mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.38) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infant mortality by country | +0.76 | +0.38 | 0.069 | 163 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and One-person householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. One-person households by country | -0.36 | +0.38 | 0.180 | 134 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Fertility rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.37) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fertility rate by country | +0.76 | +0.37 | 0.067 | 163 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Birth rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.37) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth rate by country | +0.78 | +0.37 | 0.051 | 163 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Divorce rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate by country | -0.27 | -0.37 | 0.517 | 44 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and ResearchersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Researchers by country | -0.44 | +0.36 | 0.281 | 117 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Population growthLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.35) could easily be chance. Population growth by country | +0.56 | +0.35 | 0.124 | 163 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Christian shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Christian share by country | +0.19 | +0.35 | 0.294 | 160 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Regulatory qualityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Regulatory quality by country | -0.47 | +0.34 | 0.088 | 163 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Marriage rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Marriage rate (UN) by country | -0.02 | -0.33 | 0.313 | 82 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Maternal mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.32) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Maternal mortality by country | +0.67 | +0.32 | 0.236 | 162 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Out-of-pocket health spendingAlmost no link either way. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | +0.05 | -0.32 | 0.187 | 162 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Skilled birth attendanceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.30) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Skilled birth attendance by country | -0.65 | -0.30 | 0.230 | 152 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Muslim shareAlmost no link either way. Muslim share by country | +0.01 | -0.30 | 0.361 | 160 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Religious attendanceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.30) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religious attendance by country | +0.62 | +0.30 | 0.416 | 96 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country | +0.40 | +0.29 | 0.386 | 163 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | -0.38 | -0.29 | 0.249 | 147 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | -0.11 | +0.29 | 0.100 | 162 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Women ministersAlmost no link either way. Women ministers by country | +0.01 | +0.28 | 0.238 | 161 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Government effectivenessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government effectiveness by country | -0.53 | +0.28 | 0.139 | 163 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Secondary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Secondary enrollment by country | -0.70 | -0.28 | 0.123 | 155 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Education scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Education score by country | -0.72 | -0.27 | 0.461 | 161 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Government spending per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government spending per capita by country | -0.42 | +0.27 | 0.563 | 42 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and PISA mathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.26) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA maths by country | -0.54 | -0.26 | 0.212 | 79 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Civil society participationAlmost no link either way. Civil society participation by country | -0.06 | +0.26 | 0.107 | 152 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Divorce rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate (UN) by country | -0.18 | -0.25 | 0.261 | 76 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Single-parent householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Single-parent households by country | +0.18 | +0.24 | 0.466 | 134 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country | +0.42 | +0.24 | 0.155 | 162 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and PISA scienceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.24) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA science by country | -0.53 | -0.24 | 0.191 | 79 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Population 0-14Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.24) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 0-14 by country | +0.74 | +0.24 | 0.094 | 163 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country | -0.30 | -0.23 | 0.542 | 38 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country | -0.34 | +0.23 | 0.167 | 152 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Suicide rateAlmost no link either way. Suicide rate by country | -0.04 | +0.23 | 0.099 | 159 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Vulnerable employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Vulnerable employment by country | +0.73 | +0.22 | 0.298 | 155 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | -0.28 | +0.22 | 0.113 | 152 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Health scoreAlmost no link either way. Health score by country | -0.10 | +0.21 | 0.304 | 162 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Conflict deathsAlmost no link either way. Conflict deaths by country | -0.04 | -0.21 | 0.278 | 163 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Liberal democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Liberal democracy by country | -0.37 | +0.21 | 0.126 | 152 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Male labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Male labor participation by country | +0.19 | +0.21 | 0.257 | 155 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Health coverage indexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Health coverage index by country | -0.72 | -0.21 | 0.490 | 162 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Education spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Education spending by country | -0.18 | -0.20 | 0.328 | 155 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Slum share of urban populationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Slum share of urban population by country | +0.64 | +0.20 | 0.376 | 158 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country | -0.35 | -0.20 | 0.642 | 97 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country | -0.34 | +0.19 | 0.167 | 152 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Control of corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Control of corruption by country | -0.44 | +0.19 | 0.440 | 163 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | +0.16 | -0.19 | 0.304 | 159 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Migrant share of population by country | -0.32 | +0.19 | 0.266 | 162 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Life expectancyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life expectancy by country | -0.71 | -0.19 | 0.168 | 163 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Road traffic deathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Road traffic deaths by country | +0.60 | +0.18 | 0.075 | 160 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Governance scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country | -0.35 | +0.18 | 0.422 | 154 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Retirement age, menAlmost no link either way. Retirement age, men by country | +0.06 | -0.18 | 0.736 | 47 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | -0.16 | +0.18 | 0.648 | 41 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country | -0.34 | +0.17 | 0.249 | 152 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | -0.14 | +0.17 | 0.248 | 152 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | -0.17 | +0.17 | 0.217 | 152 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Protected landAlmost no link either way. Protected land by country | -0.05 | +0.17 | 0.136 | 162 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Primary enrollmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Primary enrollment by country | +0.16 | +0.16 | 0.192 | 160 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | +0.37 | +0.16 | 0.266 | 163 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Public order spending by country | +0.23 | -0.16 | 0.414 | 37 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | -0.19 | +0.16 | 0.240 | 152 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Adult literacyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.16) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adult literacy by country | -0.62 | -0.16 | 0.741 | 116 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.16) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. HDI by country | -0.75 | -0.16 | 0.393 | 162 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Interpersonal trustCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Interpersonal trust by country | -0.29 | +0.16 | 0.259 | 97 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. CO2 per capita by country | -0.38 | +0.16 | 0.385 | 159 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country | -0.23 | -0.16 | 0.066 | 41 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and PISA readingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA reading by country | -0.49 | -0.16 | 0.459 | 79 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | -0.27 | +0.16 | 0.351 | 160 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Rule of lawCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Rule of law by country | -0.46 | +0.14 | 0.595 | 163 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Fixed broadbandLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.14) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fixed broadband by country | -0.60 | +0.14 | 0.145 | 162 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Inequality-adjusted HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.14) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | -0.74 | -0.14 | 0.462 | 154 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Women in parliamentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country | -0.12 | +0.14 | 0.496 | 161 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Trust in governmentAlmost no link either way. Trust in government by country | -0.07 | +0.13 | 0.732 | 46 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Compulsory schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | -0.41 | -0.13 | 0.349 | 154 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Voice and accountabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Voice and accountability by country | -0.40 | +0.12 | 0.570 | 163 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Life satisfactionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.12) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life satisfaction by country | -0.67 | -0.12 | 0.589 | 144 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Tertiary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.12) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tertiary enrollment by country | -0.62 | -0.12 | 0.412 | 151 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Gender wage gapAlmost no link either way. Gender wage gap by country | -0.05 | -0.12 | 0.510 | 37 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Gender Inequality IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.11) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Inequality Index by country | +0.65 | -0.11 | 0.438 | 152 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Government expenseCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country | -0.30 | -0.11 | 0.444 | 135 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Public social spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public social spending by country | -0.36 | -0.10 | 0.328 | 41 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Corporate tax rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corporate tax rate by country | +0.30 | +0.10 | 0.594 | 71 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Political stabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political stability by country | -0.45 | -0.10 | 0.680 | 163 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Married by 18Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Married by 18 by country | +0.52 | +0.10 | 0.564 | 124 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | -0.26 | +0.10 | 0.503 | 153 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | -0.19 | +0.09 | 0.322 | 134 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tuberculosis incidence by country | +0.43 | +0.09 | 0.770 | 162 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Military spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Military spending by country | -0.11 | -0.09 | 0.225 | 141 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Free and fair electionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Free and fair elections by country | -0.46 | +0.08 | 0.545 | 152 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Premature NCD mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Premature NCD mortality by country | +0.47 | -0.08 | 0.811 | 159 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Recycling rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Recycling rate by country | -0.28 | -0.08 | 0.625 | 35 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Population 65+Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 65+ by country | -0.56 | +0.07 | 0.415 | 163 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Homicide rateAlmost no link either way. Homicide rate by country | +0.09 | -0.07 | 0.672 | 139 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Forest areaAlmost no link either way. Forest area by country | +0.01 | +0.07 | 0.561 | 162 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Retirement age, womenAlmost no link either way. Retirement age, women by country | +0.01 | -0.07 | 0.826 | 47 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Out of school, primaryCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country | +0.42 | +0.06 | 0.837 | 157 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Median ageLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Median age by country | -0.68 | -0.06 | 0.364 | 163 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and UrbanizationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Urbanization by country | -0.53 | -0.06 | 0.699 | 163 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Frequent prayerCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Frequent prayer by country | +0.48 | +0.06 | 0.747 | 69 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country | +0.36 | -0.06 | 0.776 | 162 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Anaemia in womenLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Anaemia in women by country | +0.52 | +0.05 | 0.849 | 161 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Mean years of schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Mean years of schooling by country | -0.64 | -0.05 | 0.892 | 162 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country | +0.19 | +0.04 | 0.531 | 162 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country | +0.12 | -0.04 | 0.494 | 161 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | -0.19 | -0.04 | 0.874 | 139 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Women's age at first marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's age at first marriage by country | -0.22 | -0.04 | 0.909 | 39 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and DTP3 immunisationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country | -0.39 | -0.04 | 0.870 | 162 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Hours workedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hours worked by country | +0.39 | -0.04 | 0.757 | 37 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country | +0.20 | -0.04 | 0.861 | 145 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Labour scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Labour score by country | -0.51 | +0.03 | 0.734 | 161 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Informal employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Informal employment by country | +0.65 | -0.03 | 0.893 | 132 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Religion very importantCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religion very important by country | +0.43 | -0.03 | 0.881 | 97 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and PhysiciansLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Physicians by country | -0.60 | +0.03 | 0.808 | 162 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Gender Development IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Development Index by country | -0.46 | +0.03 | 0.937 | 160 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Births outside marriageAlmost no link either way. Births outside marriage by country | +0.02 | -0.03 | 0.859 | 41 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Confidence in religious institutionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country | +0.32 | -0.02 | 0.909 | 97 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Wellbeing scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Wellbeing score by country | -0.51 | -0.02 | 0.925 | 97 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and UnemploymentAlmost no link either way. Unemployment by country | +0.01 | -0.02 | 0.931 | 155 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Expected schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Expected schooling by country | -0.61 | -0.02 | 0.902 | 162 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and Hospital bedsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hospital beds by country | -0.41 | -0.02 | 0.926 | 148 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and InflationAlmost no link either way. Inflation by country | +0.08 | -0.02 | 0.834 | 162 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | -0.32 | -0.02 | 0.812 | 163 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Aid given by country | -0.13 | -0.02 | 0.969 | 43 | high |
| Extreme poverty rate and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country | -0.22 | -0.01 | 0.959 | 41 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and Government consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country | -0.11 | -0.01 | 0.954 | 152 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | +0.20 | +0.01 | 0.950 | 163 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | +0.39 | +0.01 | 0.962 | 162 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and RedistributionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Redistribution by country | -0.37 | -0.01 | 0.984 | 44 | moderate |
| Extreme poverty rate and Health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country | -0.19 | -0.01 | 0.962 | 162 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | +0.01 | -0.00 | 0.986 | 163 | independent |
| Extreme poverty rate and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | -0.49 | — | — | 163 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | -0.50 | — | — | 163 | proxy |
| Extreme poverty rate and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | -0.38 | — | — | 163 | proxy |