placestats

Corporate tax rate

Combined statutory corporate income tax rate

Link with national income-0.36partly income-linked
Links that hold up2of 158 pairs tested
Unit% of profithigher is neither better nor worse
SourceOECDCC BY 4.0 (OECD terms and conditions)
What this measures. The headline tax rate on company profits, national and local combined, for over ninety countries and territories. That is the widest coverage of any OECD series here. It is the rate written in law, not the rate firms actually pay after allowances and tax avoidance. From a 2019 release kept as a snapshot, so the series ends in 2018. No "better" direction is set.

How it has moved

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Every country, every year

One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.

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Links that hold up

r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.

MeasureBefore adjustingAfter adjustingqCountriesTracks income?
Corporate tax rate and Adult obesityWhere Corporate tax rate is higher, Adult obesity tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country-0.34-0.280.04381moderate
Corporate tax rate and Gender Inequality IndexComparing only countries with similar income, Gender Inequality Index tends to be lower where Corporate tax rate is higher: the opposite of the unadjusted figure, which only showed the income gap between countries. Gender Inequality Index by country+0.19-0.220.04877proxy

How much the other measures account for

The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 67 countries reporting all of them, and 71 candidate measures.

This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
Patterns usedShare of this measure accounted forAdded by this pattern
12%—
232%+30%
332%+0%
433%+1%
535%+2%
637%+3%

How it differs by category

This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.

The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.

Grouped byBetween groupsAfter incomeqGroups at each end
Largest religious group0.270.350.003largest: Christians 23.6% · smallest: Muslims 18.2%
% of profit

Every other pair

Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.

156 of 156
Corporate tax rate and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country+0.31+0.490.16677moderate
Corporate tax rate and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country+0.28+0.480.15177moderate
Corporate tax rate and Governance scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country+0.25+0.470.18078moderate
Corporate tax rate and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country+0.37+0.470.26277moderate
Corporate tax rate and Liberal democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Liberal democracy by country+0.23+0.460.14377moderate
Corporate tax rate and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country+0.28+0.460.17977moderate
Corporate tax rate and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country+0.37+0.460.14577independent
Corporate tax rate and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country+0.37+0.450.19377moderate
Corporate tax rate and Marriage rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate (UN) by country-0.43-0.440.24462independent
Corporate tax rate and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country+0.35+0.440.24877moderate
Corporate tax rate and Free and fair electionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Free and fair elections by country+0.18+0.430.13177high
Corporate tax rate and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country+0.26+0.430.31277moderate
Corporate tax rate and Voice and accountabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Voice and accountability by country+0.13+0.410.19984moderate
Corporate tax rate and Migrant share of populationComparing only countries with similar income it is still -0.40, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Migrant share of population by country-0.52-0.400.13686high
Corporate tax rate and Education scoreAlmost no link either way. Education score by country-0.08+0.390.09184proxy
Corporate tax rate and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country-0.16-0.380.28581moderate
Corporate tax rate and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country-0.21-0.370.31981moderate
Corporate tax rate and Premature NCD mortalityAlmost no link either way. Premature NCD mortality by country-0.03-0.370.33279high
Corporate tax rate and Education spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Education spending by country+0.29+0.370.05385independent
Corporate tax rate and Male labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Male labor participation by country-0.25-0.360.26480independent
Corporate tax rate and Military spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Military spending by country-0.40-0.350.20973independent
Corporate tax rate and Population 65+Almost no link either way. Population 65+ by country+0.02+0.350.28786high
Corporate tax rate and ResearchersAlmost no link either way. Researchers by country-0.03+0.340.08670proxy
Corporate tax rate and Muslim shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country-0.24-0.330.37682independent
Corporate tax rate and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country+0.16+0.310.07278moderate
Corporate tax rate and Government spending per capitaAlmost no link either way. Government spending per capita by country+0.05+0.300.30641proxy
Corporate tax rate and Expected schoolingAlmost no link either way. Expected schooling by country-0.06+0.300.10681proxy
Corporate tax rate and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country+0.11+0.290.11961moderate
Corporate tax rate and Government consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country+0.17+0.280.12979independent
Corporate tax rate and PISA readingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA reading by country+0.11+0.280.44659high
Corporate tax rate and Government effectivenessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government effectiveness by country-0.20+0.270.29084proxy
Corporate tax rate and Rule of lawCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Rule of law by country-0.13+0.270.19984high
Corporate tax rate and Secondary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Secondary enrollment by country-0.08+0.270.07886high
Corporate tax rate and Political corruptionAlmost no link either way. Political corruption by country+0.05-0.270.22377high
Corporate tax rate and Vulnerable employmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Vulnerable employment by country+0.43+0.270.22380proxy
Corporate tax rate and Women ministersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country+0.16+0.260.11680independent
Corporate tax rate and Health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country+0.11+0.260.35180independent
Corporate tax rate and Retirement age, womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, women by country+0.27+0.250.34848independent
Corporate tax rate and GDP growthAlmost no link either way. GDP growth by country-0.09-0.250.16586moderate
Corporate tax rate and Public social spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public social spending by country+0.19+0.250.47140moderate
Corporate tax rate and Tertiary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Tertiary enrollment by country-0.06+0.240.21583high
Corporate tax rate and PISA scienceAlmost no link either way. PISA science by country+0.07+0.240.53959high
Corporate tax rate and Marriage rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country-0.23-0.240.16943independent
Corporate tax rate and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country+0.38+0.240.25880independent
Corporate tax rate and Labour scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Labour score by country-0.41-0.240.14681high
Corporate tax rate and Hours workedAlmost no link either way. Hours worked by country-0.06-0.240.26638high
Corporate tax rate and Road traffic deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Road traffic deaths by country+0.13-0.240.35480high
Corporate tax rate and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country-0.27-0.230.23669moderate
Corporate tax rate and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country+0.11+0.220.58473moderate
Corporate tax rate and Suicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country+0.12+0.220.40079independent
Corporate tax rate and Religiously unaffiliatedAlmost no link either way. Religiously unaffiliated by country+0.06+0.220.09182moderate
Corporate tax rate and Alcohol consumptionAlmost no link either way. Alcohol consumption by country+0.06+0.210.56180moderate
Corporate tax rate and Control of corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Control of corruption by country-0.15+0.210.36084high
Corporate tax rate and Health scoreAlmost no link either way. Health score by country+0.08+0.210.14480moderate
Corporate tax rate and HDICould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HDI by country-0.27+0.210.08981proxy
Corporate tax rate and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country-0.22-0.210.19640independent
Corporate tax rate and Women's age at first marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's age at first marriage by country+0.19+0.200.59040moderate
Corporate tax rate and Anaemia in womenAlmost no link either way. Anaemia in women by country+0.10-0.200.43380high
Corporate tax rate and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. CO2 per capita by country-0.35-0.200.72283proxy
Corporate tax rate and Women in parliamentAlmost no link either way. Women in parliament by country+0.04+0.190.05180independent
Corporate tax rate and Regulatory qualityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regulatory quality by country-0.21+0.190.38784proxy
Corporate tax rate and Homicide rateAlmost no link either way. Homicide rate by country-0.06-0.190.53680moderate
Corporate tax rate and Life expectancyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Life expectancy by country-0.25+0.180.22086proxy
Corporate tax rate and Government expenseAlmost no link either way. Government expense by country+0.04+0.180.45072moderate
Corporate tax rate and Forest areaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Forest area by country+0.22+0.180.29284independent
Corporate tax rate and Health coverage indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health coverage index by country-0.20+0.180.14780proxy
Corporate tax rate and PhysiciansCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Physicians by country-0.11+0.180.37180proxy
Corporate tax rate and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country+0.16+0.170.71140independent
Corporate tax rate and Population growthAlmost no link either way. Population growth by country-0.04-0.170.63786moderate
Corporate tax rate and Religious attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religious attendance by country+0.34+0.170.34961high
Corporate tax rate and Out of school, primaryCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country+0.12-0.160.34784moderate
Corporate tax rate and PISA mathsAlmost no link either way. PISA maths by country+0.00+0.160.68059high
Corporate tax rate and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country+0.21+0.160.23884independent
Corporate tax rate and Informal employmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Informal employment by country+0.35+0.160.20764proxy
Corporate tax rate and Child stuntingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Child stunting by country+0.37+0.160.54659proxy
Corporate tax rate and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public order spending by country-0.18-0.150.23935high
Corporate tax rate and Trust in governmentAlmost no link either way. Trust in government by country+0.09+0.150.67645moderate
Corporate tax rate and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country+0.17+0.150.53238moderate
Corporate tax rate and UnemploymentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment by country+0.18+0.140.23680independent
Corporate tax rate and Primary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Primary enrollment by country+0.04+0.140.40086independent
Corporate tax rate and Corruption Perceptions IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corruption Perceptions Index by country-0.14+0.140.44680high
Corporate tax rate and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country-0.26-0.140.33285moderate
Corporate tax rate and Median ageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Median age by country-0.21+0.140.55686proxy
Corporate tax rate and RedistributionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Redistribution by country-0.34-0.140.25444moderate
Corporate tax rate and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country-0.27-0.130.43779moderate
Corporate tax rate and Refugees originatingAlmost no link either way. Refugees originating by country+0.10-0.130.27085moderate
Corporate tax rate and Employment in agricultureCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Employment in agriculture by country+0.37+0.130.47880proxy
Corporate tax rate and Infrastructure scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Infrastructure score by country-0.30+0.130.08685proxy
Corporate tax rate and Political stabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political stability by country-0.36-0.130.60484moderate
Corporate tax rate and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country+0.26+0.130.63780moderate
Corporate tax rate and Equality scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Equality score by country-0.31-0.130.57071high
Corporate tax rate and Wellbeing scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Wellbeing score by country-0.16+0.120.52761high
Corporate tax rate and Christian shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Christian share by country+0.14+0.110.72482independent
Corporate tax rate and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tuberculosis incidence by country+0.32+0.110.53986high
Corporate tax rate and Food insecurityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Food insecurity by country+0.28+0.110.18970proxy
Corporate tax rate and Market-income GiniCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Market-income Gini by country+0.26+0.110.78644moderate
Corporate tax rate and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country+0.18+0.100.69685moderate
Corporate tax rate and Extreme poverty rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Extreme poverty rate by country+0.30+0.100.59471proxy
Corporate tax rate and InflationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Inflation by country+0.12+0.100.53683independent
Corporate tax rate and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country-0.17+0.090.73186moderate
Corporate tax rate and Protected landAlmost no link either way. Protected land by country+0.01+0.090.64385independent
Corporate tax rate and Divorce rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate (UN) by country-0.12-0.090.47458independent
Corporate tax rate and DTP3 immunisationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country-0.24-0.090.57280moderate
Corporate tax rate and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country+0.21+0.090.64071moderate
Corporate tax rate and Hospital bedsAlmost no link either way. Hospital beds by country-0.03+0.090.80176high
Corporate tax rate and Basic sanitationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Basic sanitation by country-0.27+0.080.38786high
Corporate tax rate and Single-parent householdsAlmost no link either way. Single-parent households by country-0.03-0.080.46265independent
Corporate tax rate and Adolescent fertilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adolescent fertility by country+0.28-0.080.60786proxy
Corporate tax rate and Birth rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Birth rate by country+0.27-0.070.73186proxy
Corporate tax rate and Electricity accessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electricity access by country-0.25+0.070.68686high
Corporate tax rate and Interpersonal trustCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Interpersonal trust by country-0.14+0.070.66461high
Corporate tax rate and Fertility rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Fertility rate by country+0.26-0.070.73986proxy
Corporate tax rate and Fixed broadbandCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Fixed broadband by country-0.27+0.070.70485proxy
Corporate tax rate and Gender Development IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender Development Index by country-0.26-0.070.88779high
Corporate tax rate and Youth not in work or studyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Youth not in work or study by country+0.25-0.060.64278high
Corporate tax rate and Skilled birth attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Skilled birth attendance by country-0.29-0.060.66475high
Corporate tax rate and Adult literacyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult literacy by country-0.39+0.060.76647high
Corporate tax rate and Active labour market spendingAlmost no link either way. Active labour market spending by country-0.09-0.060.78340moderate
Corporate tax rate and Divorce rateAlmost no link either way. Divorce rate by country-0.06-0.060.78742independent
Corporate tax rate and Slum share of urban populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Slum share of urban population by country+0.27-0.060.78480high
Corporate tax rate and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country+0.04+0.050.88086independent
Corporate tax rate and Population 0-14Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population 0-14 by country+0.29-0.050.81286proxy
Corporate tax rate and Aid givenAlmost no link either way. Aid given by country-0.00-0.050.93242high
Corporate tax rate and Primary completionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Primary completion by country-0.25-0.040.78669proxy
Corporate tax rate and Retirement age, menCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, men by country+0.15+0.040.80248independent
Corporate tax rate and Compulsory schoolingAlmost no link either way. Compulsory schooling by country-0.04+0.040.82585moderate
Corporate tax rate and Religion very importantCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religion very important by country+0.26+0.040.85461high
Corporate tax rate and Inequality-adjusted HDICould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country-0.29+0.040.78578proxy
Corporate tax rate and Basic water accessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Basic water access by country-0.27+0.040.76086proxy
Corporate tax rate and Female labor participationAlmost no link either way. Female labor participation by country+0.07+0.040.92080independent
Corporate tax rate and Birth registrationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Birth registration by country-0.28-0.040.87174proxy
Corporate tax rate and UrbanizationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Urbanization by country-0.27-0.030.82686high
Corporate tax rate and Women in a unionAlmost no link either way. Women in a union by country+0.08-0.030.88185moderate
Corporate tax rate and Frequent prayerCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Frequent prayer by country+0.31+0.030.90642high
Corporate tax rate and Recycling rateAlmost no link either way. Recycling rate by country-0.02+0.030.91134moderate
Corporate tax rate and Infant mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Infant mortality by country+0.30+0.030.83181proxy
Corporate tax rate and Gender wage gapAlmost no link either way. Gender wage gap by country+0.05+0.020.93036independent
Corporate tax rate and Life satisfactionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Life satisfaction by country-0.25+0.020.83775proxy
Corporate tax rate and Under-5 mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Under-5 mortality by country+0.28+0.020.88081proxy
Corporate tax rate and Births outside marriageAlmost no link either way. Births outside marriage by country-0.02-0.020.94940independent
Corporate tax rate and Confidence in religious institutionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country+0.20+0.010.97261moderate
Corporate tax rate and HIV prevalenceAlmost no link either way. HIV prevalence by country+0.09+0.010.83663moderate
Corporate tax rate and Maternal mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Maternal mortality by country+0.23-0.010.94980proxy
Corporate tax rate and Mean years of schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mean years of schooling by country-0.29-0.010.97781proxy
Corporate tax rate and Pupil-teacher ratioCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pupil-teacher ratio by country+0.30+0.000.98482proxy
Corporate tax rate and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country+0.20-0.000.97980moderate
Corporate tax rate and Married by 18Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Married by 18 by country+0.35-0.000.98641moderate
Corporate tax rate and UndernourishmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Undernourishment by country+0.27+0.000.98775proxy
Corporate tax rate and Children with one parentAlmost no link either way. Children with one parent by country+0.01+0.000.99037independent
Corporate tax rate and Internet usersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Internet users by country-0.34+0.000.99085proxy
Corporate tax rate and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country-0.10-0.000.99677independent
Corporate tax rate and Conflict deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Conflict deaths by country+0.15-0.000.98780moderate
Corporate tax rate and One-person householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. One-person households by country-0.20-0.000.99365high
Corporate tax rate and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country-0.35——86proxy
Corporate tax rate and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country-0.36——86proxy
Corporate tax rate and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country-0.31——86proxy

Source

OECD · via Our World in Data

CC BY 4.0 (OECD terms and conditions) · licence terms · updated annual, except the snapshots noted per indicator

OECD databases as named on each indicator: PISA, Social Expenditure Database (SOCX), Income Distribution Database, Development Assistance Committee statistics, Family Database, Government at a Glance, Corporate Tax Statistics, employment and environment statistics