Child stunting
Prevalence of stunting, height for age, modelled estimate (% of children under 5)
Link with national income-0.80essentially a measure of national income
Links that hold up18of 150 pairs tested
Unit% of children under 5higher is worse
SourceWDICC BY 4.0
What this measures. An estimate from a statistical model. The agencies fit a model to household surveys and predict every country and year. So this is smoother than the surveys behind it, and it has values for years nobody measured. The survey-only series never reaches sixty countries in any year.
How it has moved
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Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
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Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child stunting and Skilled birth attendanceWhere Child stunting is higher, Skilled birth attendance tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Skilled birth attendance by country | -0.74 | -0.48 | 0.005 | 150 | high |
| Child stunting and Religious attendanceWhere Child stunting is higher, Religious attendance tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religious attendance by country | +0.67 | +0.45 | 0.007 | 81 | high |
| Child stunting and Birth registrationWhere Child stunting is higher, Birth registration tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth registration by country | -0.71 | -0.42 | 0.035 | 143 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Infrastructure scoreWhere Child stunting is higher, Infrastructure score tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infrastructure score by country | -0.81 | -0.42 | 0.027 | 155 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Extreme poverty rateWhere Child stunting is higher, Extreme poverty rate tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Extreme poverty rate by country | +0.76 | +0.41 | 0.026 | 140 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Health coverage indexWhere Child stunting is higher, Health coverage index tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Health coverage index by country | -0.78 | -0.37 | 0.019 | 155 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Basic water accessWhere Child stunting is higher, Basic water access tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic water access by country | -0.74 | -0.36 | 0.030 | 156 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Electricity accessWhere Child stunting is higher, Electricity access tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Electricity access by country | -0.72 | -0.35 | 0.014 | 156 | high |
| Child stunting and Secondary enrollmentWhere Child stunting is higher, Secondary enrollment tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Secondary enrollment by country | -0.73 | -0.34 | 0.003 | 149 | high |
| Child stunting and Male labor participationWhere Child stunting is higher, Male labor participation tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Male labor participation by country | +0.18 | +0.34 | 0.011 | 150 | independent |
| Child stunting and Tuberculosis incidenceWhere Child stunting is higher, Tuberculosis incidence tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tuberculosis incidence by country | +0.54 | +0.33 | 0.032 | 156 | high |
| Child stunting and Armed conflict presentWhere Child stunting is higher, Armed conflict present tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | +0.48 | +0.31 | 0.012 | 155 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Population growthWhere Child stunting is higher, Population growth tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Population growth by country | +0.52 | +0.27 | 0.036 | 156 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Hospital bedsWhere Child stunting is higher, Hospital beds tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hospital beds by country | -0.54 | -0.26 | 0.012 | 142 | high |
| Child stunting and Median ageWhere Child stunting is higher, Median age tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Median age by country | -0.73 | -0.26 | 0.020 | 156 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Population 65+Where Child stunting is higher, Population 65+ tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 65+ by country | -0.63 | -0.22 | 0.024 | 156 | high |
| Child stunting and Life expectancyWhere Child stunting is higher, Life expectancy tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life expectancy by country | -0.72 | -0.21 | 0.022 | 156 | proxy |
| Child stunting and CO2 per capitaComparing only countries with similar income, CO2 per capita tends to be higher where Child stunting is higher: the opposite of the unadjusted figure, which only showed the income gap between countries. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. CO2 per capita by country | -0.42 | +0.12 | 0.028 | 153 | proxy |
Links that don’t count as findings
These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child stunting and Health scoreNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Health score by country | -0.06 | +0.08 | 0.763 | 155 | moderate |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 114 countries reporting all of them, and 71 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 63% | — |
| 2 | 64% | +1% |
| 3 | 65% | +1% |
| 4 | 65% | +0% |
| 5 | 65% | +0% |
| 6 | 65% | +0% |
How it differs by category
This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.
The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.
| Grouped by | Between groups | After income | q | Groups at each end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last European coloniser | 0.34 | 0.12 | 0.689 | worst: France 23.3% · best: Never a European colony 12.1% % of children under 5 |
| Largest religious group | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.561 | worst: Muslims 16.7% · best: Christians 15.8% % of children under 5 |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
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| Child stunting and Family benefits spendingComparing only countries with similar income it is still -0.58, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Family benefits spending by country | -0.53 | -0.58 | 0.109 | 25 | independent |
| Child stunting and Divorce rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate by country | -0.26 | -0.47 | 0.112 | 26 | independent |
| Child stunting and Trust in governmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trust in government by country | +0.26 | +0.47 | 0.108 | 30 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Employment in agricultureLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.40) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Employment in agriculture by country | +0.78 | +0.40 | 0.084 | 150 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Internet usersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.38) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Internet users by country | -0.78 | -0.38 | 0.053 | 155 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Confidence in religious institutionsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.36) could easily be chance. Confidence in religious institutions by country | +0.52 | +0.36 | 0.156 | 83 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Public social spendingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.35) could easily be chance. Public social spending by country | -0.56 | -0.35 | 0.151 | 25 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Informal employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Informal employment by country | +0.76 | +0.35 | 0.065 | 119 | proxy |
| Child stunting and HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. HDI by country | -0.80 | -0.35 | 0.071 | 155 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country | -0.38 | -0.35 | 0.273 | 25 | independent |
| Child stunting and Inequality-adjusted HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.34) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | -0.79 | -0.34 | 0.055 | 142 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Infant mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.33) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infant mortality by country | +0.74 | +0.33 | 0.074 | 156 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Equality scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.33) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Equality score by country | -0.64 | -0.33 | 0.109 | 140 | high |
| Child stunting and Mean years of schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.33) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Mean years of schooling by country | -0.74 | -0.33 | 0.208 | 155 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country | -0.47 | -0.32 | 0.238 | 155 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Under-5 mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.32) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Under-5 mortality by country | +0.72 | +0.32 | 0.053 | 156 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Basic sanitationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.31) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic sanitation by country | -0.73 | -0.31 | 0.115 | 156 | high |
| Child stunting and Vulnerable employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.31) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Vulnerable employment by country | +0.75 | +0.31 | 0.075 | 150 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Pupil-teacher ratioLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.31) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | +0.72 | +0.31 | 0.101 | 144 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Divorce rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate (UN) by country | -0.23 | -0.30 | 0.086 | 62 | independent |
| Child stunting and PISA mathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA maths by country | -0.53 | -0.29 | 0.073 | 64 | high |
| Child stunting and Food insecurityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Food insecurity by country | +0.73 | +0.29 | 0.093 | 128 | proxy |
| Child stunting and PhysiciansLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Physicians by country | -0.69 | -0.28 | 0.165 | 155 | proxy |
| Child stunting and DTP3 immunisationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. DTP3 immunisation by country | -0.52 | -0.28 | 0.085 | 155 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Maternal mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Maternal mortality by country | +0.66 | +0.27 | 0.127 | 155 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Birth rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth rate by country | +0.75 | +0.27 | 0.081 | 156 | proxy |
| Child stunting and PISA scienceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.26) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA science by country | -0.52 | -0.26 | 0.086 | 64 | high |
| Child stunting and Married by 18Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.26) could easily be chance. Married by 18 by country | +0.57 | +0.26 | 0.050 | 130 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Adolescent fertilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.25) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adolescent fertility by country | +0.67 | +0.25 | 0.107 | 156 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Adult literacyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.25) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adult literacy by country | -0.64 | -0.25 | 0.400 | 123 | high |
| Child stunting and Marriage rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country | -0.18 | -0.25 | 0.166 | 27 | independent |
| Child stunting and Education spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Education spending by country | -0.20 | -0.25 | 0.131 | 148 | independent |
| Child stunting and Primary completionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.25) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Primary completion by country | -0.68 | -0.25 | 0.428 | 142 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Education scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.24) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Education score by country | -0.71 | -0.24 | 0.241 | 154 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | -0.39 | -0.24 | 0.061 | 125 | moderate |
| Child stunting and PISA readingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.24) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA reading by country | -0.51 | -0.24 | 0.076 | 64 | high |
| Child stunting and Female labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Female labor participation by country | +0.16 | +0.23 | 0.277 | 150 | independent |
| Child stunting and Religion very importantLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religion very important by country | +0.51 | +0.22 | 0.357 | 83 | high |
| Child stunting and Fertility rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fertility rate by country | +0.71 | +0.22 | 0.244 | 156 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Gender Inequality IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Inequality Index by country | +0.74 | +0.21 | 0.141 | 145 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Fixed broadbandLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fixed broadband by country | -0.69 | -0.21 | 0.132 | 155 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Population 0-14Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 0-14 by country | +0.73 | +0.21 | 0.187 | 156 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Tertiary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tertiary enrollment by country | -0.66 | -0.21 | 0.092 | 143 | high |
| Child stunting and Health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country | -0.22 | -0.21 | 0.102 | 155 | independent |
| Child stunting and Market-income GiniCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Market-income Gini by country | +0.47 | +0.20 | 0.569 | 27 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Frequent prayerLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Frequent prayer by country | +0.53 | +0.20 | 0.248 | 65 | high |
| Child stunting and Retirement age, menCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, men by country | +0.37 | +0.20 | 0.525 | 30 | independent |
| Child stunting and Slum share of urban populationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Slum share of urban population by country | +0.63 | +0.19 | 0.322 | 155 | high |
| Child stunting and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | -0.29 | -0.18 | 0.294 | 122 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Gender Development IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Development Index by country | -0.57 | -0.18 | 0.291 | 152 | high |
| Child stunting and Expected schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Expected schooling by country | -0.67 | -0.18 | 0.132 | 155 | proxy |
| Child stunting and UndernourishmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Undernourishment by country | +0.63 | +0.17 | 0.188 | 138 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Self-reported happinessAlmost no link either way. Self-reported happiness by country | -0.08 | +0.17 | 0.579 | 83 | moderate |
| Child stunting and UrbanizationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Urbanization by country | -0.56 | -0.17 | 0.247 | 156 | high |
| Child stunting and Corporate tax rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corporate tax rate by country | +0.37 | +0.16 | 0.546 | 59 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country | +0.24 | +0.15 | 0.204 | 140 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Forest areaAlmost no link either way. Forest area by country | +0.05 | +0.15 | 0.432 | 156 | independent |
| Child stunting and UnemploymentAlmost no link either way. Unemployment by country | -0.05 | -0.15 | 0.568 | 150 | independent |
| Child stunting and Government expenseCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country | -0.28 | -0.15 | 0.085 | 123 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country | +0.39 | +0.14 | 0.482 | 154 | moderate |
| Child stunting and One-person householdsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.14) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. One-person households by country | -0.55 | -0.14 | 0.450 | 128 | high |
| Child stunting and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | +0.17 | +0.14 | 0.368 | 156 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Out of school, primaryCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country | +0.43 | +0.13 | 0.247 | 148 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Conflict deathsAlmost no link either way. Conflict deaths by country | +0.02 | -0.13 | 0.365 | 155 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Voice and accountabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Voice and accountability by country | -0.44 | -0.13 | 0.313 | 155 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Retirement age, womenAlmost no link either way. Retirement age, women by country | +0.03 | -0.13 | 0.807 | 30 | independent |
| Child stunting and Life satisfactionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.12) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life satisfaction by country | -0.67 | -0.12 | 0.201 | 136 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Political stabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political stability by country | -0.48 | -0.12 | 0.348 | 155 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Marriage rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Marriage rate (UN) by country | +0.07 | -0.11 | 0.542 | 69 | independent |
| Child stunting and Youth not in work or studyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Youth not in work or study by country | +0.28 | -0.11 | 0.455 | 143 | high |
| Child stunting and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | -0.39 | -0.11 | 0.058 | 155 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | +0.37 | +0.11 | 0.532 | 154 | moderate |
| Child stunting and HIV prevalenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | +0.21 | +0.11 | 0.478 | 128 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Muslim shareAlmost no link either way. Muslim share by country | +0.07 | -0.10 | 0.439 | 152 | independent |
| Child stunting and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country | +0.12 | -0.10 | 0.558 | 156 | independent |
| Child stunting and Anaemia in womenLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Anaemia in women by country | +0.51 | +0.10 | 0.495 | 155 | high |
| Child stunting and Compulsory schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | -0.33 | -0.10 | 0.625 | 146 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | -0.38 | -0.09 | 0.423 | 153 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Rule of lawLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Rule of law by country | -0.54 | -0.09 | 0.561 | 155 | high |
| Child stunting and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | -0.35 | -0.09 | 0.282 | 145 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country | +0.32 | +0.08 | 0.648 | 135 | independent |
| Child stunting and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | -0.19 | -0.07 | 0.714 | 141 | independent |
| Child stunting and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country | +0.35 | +0.07 | 0.580 | 156 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Migrant share of population by country | -0.36 | +0.07 | 0.575 | 156 | high |
| Child stunting and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country | -0.38 | -0.07 | 0.405 | 145 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Regulatory qualityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Regulatory quality by country | -0.55 | +0.07 | 0.468 | 155 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | -0.33 | -0.07 | 0.576 | 152 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Government consumptionAlmost no link either way. Government consumption by country | -0.02 | +0.06 | 0.391 | 143 | independent |
| Child stunting and RedistributionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Redistribution by country | -0.60 | -0.06 | 0.884 | 27 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Government spending per capitaLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government spending per capita by country | -0.66 | -0.06 | 0.792 | 26 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Military spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Military spending by country | -0.11 | -0.06 | 0.217 | 135 | independent |
| Child stunting and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | -0.40 | -0.05 | 0.831 | 25 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country | -0.36 | -0.05 | 0.720 | 145 | moderate |
| Child stunting and ResearchersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Researchers by country | -0.52 | -0.05 | 0.623 | 109 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | -0.18 | -0.05 | 0.795 | 145 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Free and fair electionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Free and fair elections by country | -0.44 | -0.05 | 0.714 | 145 | high |
| Child stunting and Liberal democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Liberal democracy by country | -0.40 | -0.05 | 0.790 | 145 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | +0.30 | +0.05 | 0.788 | 154 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Corruption Perceptions IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | -0.50 | +0.05 | 0.789 | 147 | high |
| Child stunting and Christian shareAlmost no link either way. Christian share by country | +0.04 | +0.04 | 0.818 | 152 | independent |
| Child stunting and Interpersonal trustCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Interpersonal trust by country | -0.38 | -0.04 | 0.744 | 83 | high |
| Child stunting and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Aid given by country | -0.17 | +0.04 | 0.871 | 27 | high |
| Child stunting and Primary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Primary enrollment by country | +0.06 | +0.04 | 0.553 | 153 | independent |
| Child stunting and Governance scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country | -0.37 | -0.04 | 0.818 | 147 | moderate |
| Child stunting and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | -0.08 | +0.04 | 0.475 | 156 | independent |
| Child stunting and Control of corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Control of corruption by country | -0.52 | -0.04 | 0.798 | 155 | high |
| Child stunting and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | -0.22 | -0.04 | 0.786 | 154 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | +0.18 | -0.03 | 0.837 | 155 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Women in parliamentAlmost no link either way. Women in parliament by country | -0.10 | +0.03 | 0.833 | 154 | independent |
| Child stunting and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country | -0.34 | -0.03 | 0.834 | 145 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Road traffic deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Road traffic deaths by country | +0.48 | +0.03 | 0.853 | 153 | high |
| Child stunting and Labour scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Labour score by country | -0.53 | -0.03 | 0.822 | 155 | high |
| Child stunting and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | -0.19 | -0.03 | 0.871 | 145 | moderate |
| Child stunting and InflationAlmost no link either way. Inflation by country | +0.09 | +0.03 | 0.726 | 152 | independent |
| Child stunting and Political corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Political corruption by country | +0.46 | -0.03 | 0.873 | 145 | high |
| Child stunting and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country | +0.20 | +0.03 | 0.659 | 155 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Wellbeing scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Wellbeing score by country | -0.49 | +0.02 | 0.913 | 83 | high |
| Child stunting and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country | -0.11 | -0.02 | 0.946 | 145 | independent |
| Child stunting and Government effectivenessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government effectiveness by country | -0.61 | +0.01 | 0.929 | 155 | proxy |
| Child stunting and Women ministersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country | -0.12 | -0.01 | 0.937 | 154 | independent |
| Child stunting and Premature NCD mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Premature NCD mortality by country | +0.48 | +0.01 | 0.956 | 152 | high |
| Child stunting and Homicide rateAlmost no link either way. Homicide rate by country | +0.04 | +0.01 | 0.956 | 130 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Single-parent householdsAlmost no link either way. Single-parent households by country | +0.06 | +0.01 | 0.960 | 128 | independent |
| Child stunting and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | -0.31 | -0.01 | 0.964 | 143 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | -0.19 | -0.01 | 0.966 | 145 | moderate |
| Child stunting and Suicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country | -0.15 | -0.01 | 0.974 | 152 | independent |
| Child stunting and Protected landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Protected land by country | -0.12 | -0.01 | 0.950 | 156 | independent |
| Child stunting and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country | -0.24 | +0.00 | 0.999 | 156 | moderate |
| Child stunting and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | -0.57 | — | — | 156 | proxy |
| Child stunting and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | -0.58 | — | — | 156 | proxy |
| Child stunting and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | -0.50 | — | — | 156 | proxy |
Source
UNICEF, WHO and World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates
CC BY 4.0 · licence terms · updated quarterly
World Bank, World Development Indicators