Food insecurity
Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population (%)
Link with national income-0.83essentially a measure of national income
Links that hold up17of 158 pairs tested
Unit% of populationhigher is worse
SourceWDICC BY 4.0
What this measures. Asked of people, in a survey about running out of food, and reported as a three-year average from 2015. It is the one measure of hunger here that comes from what people say they went through, rather than from a model.
How it has moved
Loading…
Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
Loading…
Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food insecurity and Infant mortalityWhere Food insecurity is higher, Infant mortality tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infant mortality by country | +0.84 | +0.49 | 0.041 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Basic sanitationWhere Food insecurity is higher, Basic sanitation tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic sanitation by country | -0.83 | -0.45 | 0.010 | 155 | high |
| Food insecurity and Equality scoreWhere Food insecurity is higher, Equality score tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Equality score by country | -0.75 | -0.44 | 0.035 | 138 | high |
| Food insecurity and Births outside marriageWhere Food insecurity is higher, Births outside marriage tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Births outside marriage by country | +0.44 | +0.44 | 0.045 | 41 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Inequality-adjusted HDIWhere Food insecurity is higher, Inequality-adjusted HDI tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | -0.86 | -0.41 | 0.021 | 142 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Tobacco useWhere Food insecurity is higher, Tobacco use tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | -0.42 | -0.39 | 0.005 | 140 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Infrastructure scoreWhere Food insecurity is higher, Infrastructure score tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infrastructure score by country | -0.85 | -0.38 | 0.019 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Gender Inequality IndexWhere Food insecurity is higher, Gender Inequality Index tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Inequality Index by country | +0.84 | +0.37 | 0.042 | 145 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Basic water accessWhere Food insecurity is higher, Basic water access tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic water access by country | -0.78 | -0.37 | 0.046 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Life expectancyWhere Food insecurity is higher, Life expectancy tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life expectancy by country | -0.81 | -0.33 | 0.015 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Gini indexWhere Food insecurity is higher, Gini index tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country | +0.43 | +0.32 | 0.043 | 138 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Women in a unionComparing only countries with similar income, Women in a union tends to be lower where Food insecurity is higher: the opposite of the unadjusted figure, which only showed the income gap between countries. Women in a union by country | +0.18 | -0.31 | 0.018 | 153 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Health coverage indexWhere Food insecurity is higher, Health coverage index tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Health coverage index by country | -0.81 | -0.28 | 0.002 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Pupil-teacher ratioWhere Food insecurity is higher, Pupil-teacher ratio tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | +0.75 | +0.26 | 0.035 | 146 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Labour scoreWhere Food insecurity is higher, Labour score tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Labour score by country | -0.68 | -0.24 | 0.023 | 153 | high |
| Food insecurity and DTP3 immunisationWhere Food insecurity is higher, DTP3 immunisation tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country | -0.55 | -0.24 | 0.028 | 155 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Education spendingWhere Food insecurity is higher, Education spending tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Education spending by country | -0.28 | -0.22 | 0.044 | 151 | independent |
Links that don’t count as findings
These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food insecurity and UndernourishmentTwo ways of measuring the same thing, so their agreement tells you about measurement, not about the world. Undernourishment by country | +0.81 | +0.52 | 0.032 | 140 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Health scoreNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Health score by country | -0.34 | -0.14 | 0.178 | 155 | moderate |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 118 countries reporting all of them, and 71 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 70% | — |
| 2 | 77% | +7% |
| 3 | 77% | +0% |
| 4 | 77% | +0% |
| 5 | 78% | +0% |
| 6 | 78% | +0% |
How it differs by category
This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.
The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.
| Grouped by | Between groups | After income | q | Groups at each end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last European coloniser | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.052 | worst: France 49.7% · best: Never a European colony 26.7% % of population |
| Largest religious group | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.049 | worst: Muslims 37.3% · best: Christians 30.2% % of population |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
139 of 139
| Food insecurity and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country | -0.44 | -0.48 | 0.089 | 41 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Maternal mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.42) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Maternal mortality by country | +0.77 | +0.42 | 0.093 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Under-5 mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.41) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Under-5 mortality by country | +0.81 | +0.41 | 0.114 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Children with one parentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Children with one parent by country | +0.31 | +0.40 | 0.131 | 37 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Extreme poverty rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.38) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Extreme poverty rate by country | +0.78 | +0.38 | 0.131 | 138 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Public social spendingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.37) could easily be chance. Public social spending by country | -0.56 | -0.37 | 0.082 | 41 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Adolescent fertilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.36) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adolescent fertility by country | +0.79 | +0.36 | 0.061 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Electricity accessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Electricity access by country | -0.76 | -0.35 | 0.086 | 155 | high |
| Food insecurity and Marriage rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country | -0.32 | -0.34 | 0.265 | 44 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Trust in governmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trust in government by country | -0.42 | -0.33 | 0.529 | 46 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Road traffic deathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.32) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Road traffic deaths by country | +0.70 | +0.32 | 0.237 | 153 | high |
| Food insecurity and Primary completionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.31) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Primary completion by country | -0.75 | -0.31 | 0.337 | 139 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country | -0.40 | -0.31 | 0.185 | 38 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Birth rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.31) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth rate by country | +0.81 | +0.31 | 0.058 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Skilled birth attendanceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.31) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Skilled birth attendance by country | -0.71 | -0.31 | 0.135 | 146 | high |
| Food insecurity and Frequent prayerLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.30) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Frequent prayer by country | +0.64 | +0.30 | 0.058 | 64 | high |
| Food insecurity and Life satisfactionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.30) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life satisfaction by country | -0.79 | -0.30 | 0.154 | 134 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Single-parent householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Single-parent households by country | +0.18 | +0.30 | 0.161 | 124 | independent |
| Food insecurity and PISA mathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.30) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA maths by country | -0.69 | -0.30 | 0.213 | 77 | high |
| Food insecurity and Child stuntingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Child stunting by country | +0.73 | +0.29 | 0.093 | 128 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. HDI by country | -0.84 | -0.29 | 0.089 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Internet usersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Internet users by country | -0.81 | -0.28 | 0.224 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Education scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Education score by country | -0.78 | -0.28 | 0.270 | 153 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Birth registrationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth registration by country | -0.69 | -0.28 | 0.144 | 137 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Median ageLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Median age by country | -0.80 | -0.27 | 0.122 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Slum share of urban populationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Slum share of urban population by country | +0.73 | +0.27 | 0.226 | 149 | high |
| Food insecurity and Divorce rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate by country | -0.13 | -0.27 | 0.134 | 43 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Informal employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Informal employment by country | +0.80 | +0.27 | 0.232 | 126 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Secondary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.26) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Secondary enrollment by country | -0.73 | -0.26 | 0.136 | 150 | high |
| Food insecurity and Religious attendanceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.25) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religious attendance by country | +0.60 | +0.25 | 0.344 | 90 | high |
| Food insecurity and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country | +0.39 | +0.24 | 0.169 | 143 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Christian shareAlmost no link either way. Christian share by country | +0.06 | +0.23 | 0.087 | 150 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Women ministersAlmost no link either way. Women ministers by country | -0.10 | +0.22 | 0.102 | 154 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Homicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Homicide rate by country | +0.22 | +0.22 | 0.218 | 136 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Population growthLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Population growth by country | +0.59 | +0.22 | 0.271 | 155 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Population 0-14Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 0-14 by country | +0.79 | +0.22 | 0.216 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and RedistributionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Redistribution by country | -0.49 | -0.22 | 0.417 | 42 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Married by 18Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Married by 18 by country | +0.59 | +0.22 | 0.494 | 110 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Adult literacyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adult literacy by country | -0.68 | -0.21 | 0.607 | 106 | high |
| Food insecurity and HIV prevalenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | +0.29 | +0.21 | 0.139 | 127 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and PhysiciansLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Physicians by country | -0.74 | -0.21 | 0.238 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Tertiary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tertiary enrollment by country | -0.70 | -0.21 | 0.167 | 145 | high |
| Food insecurity and Hospital bedsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hospital beds by country | -0.53 | -0.20 | 0.109 | 145 | high |
| Food insecurity and Mean years of schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Mean years of schooling by country | -0.76 | -0.19 | 0.490 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Female labor participationAlmost no link either way. Female labor participation by country | +0.04 | +0.19 | 0.201 | 147 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Fertility rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fertility rate by country | +0.76 | +0.19 | 0.169 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | -0.23 | +0.19 | 0.268 | 141 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | -0.19 | +0.19 | 0.291 | 141 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Vulnerable employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Vulnerable employment by country | +0.78 | +0.19 | 0.327 | 147 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | -0.22 | +0.19 | 0.276 | 141 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Out of school, primaryLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.18) could easily be chance. Out of school, primary by country | +0.54 | +0.18 | 0.434 | 148 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and PISA scienceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA science by country | -0.64 | -0.18 | 0.303 | 77 | high |
| Food insecurity and UnemploymentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment by country | +0.13 | +0.18 | 0.253 | 147 | independent |
| Food insecurity and InflationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Inflation by country | +0.16 | +0.17 | 0.214 | 154 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Population 65+Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 65+ by country | -0.72 | -0.17 | 0.266 | 155 | high |
| Food insecurity and Wellbeing scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Wellbeing score by country | -0.62 | -0.17 | 0.353 | 91 | high |
| Food insecurity and Primary enrollmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Primary enrollment by country | +0.12 | +0.17 | 0.081 | 153 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Marriage rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Marriage rate (UN) by country | +0.08 | -0.17 | 0.395 | 84 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country | -0.35 | -0.16 | 0.313 | 91 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Retirement age, menCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, men by country | +0.27 | +0.16 | 0.705 | 45 | independent |
| Food insecurity and One-person householdsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.16) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. One-person households by country | -0.55 | +0.16 | 0.266 | 124 | high |
| Food insecurity and Gender Development IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.16) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Development Index by country | -0.61 | -0.16 | 0.404 | 151 | high |
| Food insecurity and Muslim shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country | +0.17 | -0.16 | 0.405 | 150 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Recycling rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Recycling rate by country | -0.40 | -0.16 | 0.424 | 34 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | -0.14 | +0.16 | 0.389 | 130 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Compulsory schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | -0.39 | -0.15 | 0.252 | 148 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Women's age at first marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's age at first marriage by country | -0.36 | -0.14 | 0.412 | 39 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | -0.29 | +0.14 | 0.341 | 150 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and UrbanizationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Urbanization by country | -0.46 | +0.14 | 0.450 | 155 | high |
| Food insecurity and Fixed broadbandLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fixed broadband by country | -0.75 | -0.13 | 0.386 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Military spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Military spending by country | -0.11 | -0.13 | 0.545 | 133 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Governance scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country | -0.45 | +0.13 | 0.593 | 143 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country | -0.45 | +0.12 | 0.262 | 141 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Confidence in religious institutionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country | +0.34 | -0.12 | 0.584 | 91 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Government expenseCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country | -0.31 | -0.12 | 0.341 | 129 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country | -0.19 | +0.12 | 0.611 | 141 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country | -0.44 | +0.12 | 0.450 | 141 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Expected schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.11) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Expected schooling by country | -0.71 | -0.11 | 0.380 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Corporate tax rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corporate tax rate by country | +0.28 | +0.11 | 0.189 | 70 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Conflict deathsAlmost no link either way. Conflict deaths by country | +0.03 | -0.10 | 0.575 | 155 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country | +0.37 | +0.10 | 0.379 | 155 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Religion very importantLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religion very important by country | +0.56 | +0.10 | 0.709 | 91 | high |
| Food insecurity and Forest areaAlmost no link either way. Forest area by country | -0.05 | +0.10 | 0.325 | 155 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Gender wage gapAlmost no link either way. Gender wage gap by country | +0.01 | -0.10 | 0.804 | 37 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country | +0.28 | +0.10 | 0.367 | 154 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | +0.13 | -0.09 | 0.401 | 155 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Hours workedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hours worked by country | +0.40 | -0.09 | 0.360 | 37 | high |
| Food insecurity and Youth not in work or studyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Youth not in work or study by country | +0.52 | +0.09 | 0.443 | 146 | high |
| Food insecurity and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | -0.37 | -0.09 | 0.486 | 155 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country | -0.45 | +0.09 | 0.632 | 141 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country | -0.30 | -0.09 | 0.595 | 41 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Anaemia in womenLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Anaemia in women by country | +0.63 | +0.09 | 0.558 | 155 | high |
| Food insecurity and Rule of lawLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Rule of law by country | -0.66 | -0.08 | 0.768 | 155 | high |
| Food insecurity and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tuberculosis incidence by country | +0.47 | +0.08 | 0.785 | 155 | high |
| Food insecurity and Retirement age, womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, women by country | +0.15 | +0.08 | 0.882 | 45 | independent |
| Food insecurity and PISA readingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA reading by country | -0.59 | -0.08 | 0.348 | 77 | high |
| Food insecurity and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Migrant share of population by country | -0.45 | +0.08 | 0.712 | 155 | high |
| Food insecurity and Liberal democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Liberal democracy by country | -0.48 | +0.08 | 0.711 | 141 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Political corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Political corruption by country | +0.56 | -0.07 | 0.775 | 141 | high |
| Food insecurity and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country | -0.28 | -0.07 | 0.687 | 155 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | +0.44 | -0.07 | 0.767 | 154 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Divorce rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Divorce rate (UN) by country | -0.07 | -0.07 | 0.782 | 77 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Women in parliamentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country | -0.25 | +0.07 | 0.760 | 154 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country | +0.45 | -0.07 | 0.786 | 154 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Government consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country | -0.18 | -0.06 | 0.586 | 140 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Corruption Perceptions IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | -0.60 | +0.06 | 0.847 | 146 | high |
| Food insecurity and Premature NCD mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Premature NCD mortality by country | +0.53 | -0.06 | 0.818 | 151 | high |
| Food insecurity and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Public order spending by country | +0.40 | -0.05 | 0.898 | 37 | high |
| Food insecurity and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | +0.39 | +0.05 | 0.719 | 155 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Free and fair electionsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Free and fair elections by country | -0.54 | +0.05 | 0.735 | 141 | high |
| Food insecurity and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | -0.40 | +0.05 | 0.707 | 150 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | -0.34 | -0.04 | 0.658 | 127 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and ResearchersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Researchers by country | -0.59 | +0.04 | 0.892 | 110 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country | -0.26 | -0.04 | 0.780 | 155 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | -0.37 | -0.03 | 0.839 | 41 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country | -0.35 | +0.03 | 0.881 | 155 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Employment in agricultureLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Employment in agriculture by country | +0.71 | +0.03 | 0.773 | 147 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | -0.01 | +0.03 | 0.686 | 155 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | -0.47 | -0.03 | 0.821 | 153 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Government spending per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government spending per capita by country | -0.49 | -0.02 | 0.802 | 42 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Regulatory qualityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Regulatory quality by country | -0.68 | -0.02 | 0.932 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Male labor participationAlmost no link either way. Male labor participation by country | +0.03 | +0.02 | 0.880 | 147 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Interpersonal trustCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Interpersonal trust by country | -0.45 | -0.02 | 0.878 | 91 | high |
| Food insecurity and Government effectivenessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government effectiveness by country | -0.72 | -0.02 | 0.941 | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | +0.32 | -0.02 | 0.909 | 155 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | -0.46 | -0.02 | 0.873 | 141 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country | +0.22 | +0.02 | 0.867 | 155 | independent |
| Food insecurity and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. CO2 per capita by country | -0.32 | -0.02 | 0.851 | 152 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | -0.37 | -0.01 | 0.920 | 141 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Suicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country | -0.24 | -0.01 | 0.931 | 151 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Protected landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Protected land by country | -0.18 | -0.01 | 0.928 | 155 | independent |
| Food insecurity and Voice and accountabilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Voice and accountability by country | -0.55 | +0.01 | 0.979 | 155 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Market-income GiniCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Market-income Gini by country | +0.29 | -0.01 | 0.966 | 42 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Political stabilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Political stability by country | -0.50 | -0.00 | 0.982 | 155 | moderate |
| Food insecurity and Control of corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Control of corruption by country | -0.62 | -0.00 | 0.991 | 155 | high |
| Food insecurity and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Aid given by country | -0.22 | -0.00 | 0.996 | 44 | high |
| Food insecurity and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | -0.66 | — | — | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | -0.69 | — | — | 155 | proxy |
| Food insecurity and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | -0.56 | — | — | 155 | proxy |
Source
Food and Agriculture Organization, Food Insecurity Experience Scale
CC BY 4.0 · licence terms · updated quarterly
World Bank, World Development Indicators