Youth not in work or study
Share of youth not in education, employment or training, total (% of youth population)
Link with national income-0.63strongly income-linked
Links that hold up14of 158 pairs tested
Unit% of 15 to 24 year oldshigher is worse
SourceWDICC BY 4.0
What this measures. From labour force surveys, so yearly for about a hundred countries and occasional elsewhere.
How it has moved
Loading…
Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
Loading…
Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Youth not in work or study and Market-income GiniWhere Youth not in work or study is higher, Market-income Gini tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Market-income Gini by country | +0.67 | +0.56 | 0.033 | 43 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Female labor participationWhere Youth not in work or study is higher, Female labor participation tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Female labor participation by country | -0.47 | -0.53 | 0.023 | 162 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and UnemploymentWhere Youth not in work or study is higher, Unemployment tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment by country | +0.41 | +0.45 | 0.003 | 162 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Women's age at first marriageWhere Youth not in work or study is higher, Women's age at first marriage tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Women's age at first marriage by country | -0.52 | -0.39 | 0.032 | 39 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Regulatory qualityWhere Youth not in work or study is higher, Regulatory quality tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Regulatory quality by country | -0.61 | -0.32 | 0.035 | 174 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Family benefits spendingWhere Youth not in work or study is higher, Family benefits spending tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country | -0.43 | -0.29 | 0.048 | 41 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Government effectivenessWhere Youth not in work or study is higher, Government effectiveness tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government effectiveness by country | -0.60 | -0.29 | 0.036 | 174 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Extreme poverty rateComparing only countries with similar income, Extreme poverty rate tends to be lower where Youth not in work or study is higher: the opposite of the unadjusted figure, which only showed the income gap between countries. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Extreme poverty rate by country | +0.26 | -0.28 | 0.002 | 155 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Population 65+Where Youth not in work or study is higher, Population 65+ tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 65+ by country | -0.57 | -0.27 | 0.025 | 175 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Religiously unaffiliatedWhere Youth not in work or study is higher, Religiously unaffiliated tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | -0.45 | -0.24 | 0.022 | 169 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and HIV prevalenceWhere Youth not in work or study is higher, HIV prevalence tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | +0.31 | +0.24 | 0.035 | 137 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Basic water accessComparing only countries with similar income, Basic water access tends to be higher where Youth not in work or study is higher: the opposite of the unadjusted figure, which only showed the income gap between countries. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic water access by country | -0.32 | +0.22 | 0.039 | 173 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Corruption Perceptions IndexWhere Youth not in work or study is higher, Corruption Perceptions Index tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | -0.48 | -0.16 | 0.041 | 160 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Women in parliamentWhere Youth not in work or study is higher, Women in parliament tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country | -0.23 | -0.11 | 0.037 | 167 | independent |
Links that don’t count as findings
These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Youth not in work or study and Labour scoreNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Labour score by country | -0.65 | -0.44 | 0.140 | 170 | high |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 126 countries reporting all of them, and 71 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 42% | — |
| 2 | 42% | +0% |
| 3 | 43% | +1% |
| 4 | 47% | +4% |
| 5 | 49% | +2% |
| 6 | 50% | +1% |
How it differs by category
This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.
The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.
| Grouped by | Between groups | After income | q | Groups at each end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last European coloniser | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.373 | worst: United Kingdom 24.3% · best: Spain 20.1% % of 15 to 24 year olds |
| Largest religious group | 0.29 | 0.19 | 0.049 | worst: Muslims 26.1% · best: Christians 19% % of 15 to 24 year olds |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
143 of 143
| Youth not in work or study and Recycling rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.41) could easily be chance. Recycling rate by country | -0.57 | -0.41 | 0.069 | 34 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Male labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Male labor participation by country | -0.29 | -0.37 | 0.094 | 162 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and RedistributionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.35) could easily be chance. Redistribution by country | -0.65 | -0.35 | 0.103 | 43 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Health scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health score by country | -0.43 | -0.33 | 0.168 | 168 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country | +0.11 | +0.33 | 0.220 | 170 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Employment in agricultureCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Employment in agriculture by country | +0.31 | -0.32 | 0.226 | 162 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Public social spendingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.31) could easily be chance. Public social spending by country | -0.52 | -0.31 | 0.091 | 41 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Gender Inequality IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.31) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Inequality Index by country | +0.60 | +0.31 | 0.145 | 159 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Vulnerable employmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Vulnerable employment by country | +0.34 | -0.30 | 0.110 | 162 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and ResearchersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Researchers by country | -0.56 | -0.28 | 0.058 | 123 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | -0.49 | -0.27 | 0.122 | 41 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Gender wage gapCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender wage gap by country | -0.14 | -0.27 | 0.344 | 37 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Median ageLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.26) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Median age by country | -0.59 | -0.26 | 0.075 | 175 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | -0.47 | -0.26 | 0.082 | 156 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Religion very importantLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.25) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religion very important by country | +0.56 | +0.25 | 0.080 | 100 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | -0.47 | -0.25 | 0.066 | 165 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country | -0.30 | -0.24 | 0.196 | 41 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Muslim shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country | +0.34 | +0.23 | 0.065 | 169 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Fixed broadbandLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.23) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fixed broadband by country | -0.58 | -0.23 | 0.087 | 174 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Expected schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.23) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Expected schooling by country | -0.55 | -0.23 | 0.130 | 169 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Protected landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Protected land by country | -0.30 | -0.22 | 0.065 | 173 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Environment scoreAlmost no link either way. Environment score by country | +0.04 | -0.21 | 0.118 | 173 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Government expenseAlmost no link either way. Government expense by country | +0.00 | +0.21 | 0.389 | 141 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Frequent prayerCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Frequent prayer by country | +0.46 | +0.20 | 0.258 | 73 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country | -0.40 | -0.20 | 0.179 | 175 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Armed conflict presentAlmost no link either way. Armed conflict present by country | +0.06 | -0.19 | 0.210 | 169 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Population 0-14Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 0-14 by country | +0.56 | +0.19 | 0.252 | 175 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Life expectancyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life expectancy by country | -0.56 | -0.19 | 0.251 | 175 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. HDI by country | -0.57 | -0.19 | 0.266 | 169 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Births outside marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Births outside marriage by country | -0.11 | -0.19 | 0.731 | 41 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Life satisfactionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life satisfaction by country | -0.55 | -0.18 | 0.223 | 149 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Tertiary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tertiary enrollment by country | -0.53 | -0.18 | 0.179 | 162 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | -0.35 | -0.18 | 0.168 | 167 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Inequality-adjusted HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | -0.59 | -0.17 | 0.169 | 160 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country | -0.28 | -0.17 | 0.335 | 38 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and PISA mathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA maths by country | -0.50 | -0.17 | 0.336 | 84 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Women in managementAlmost no link either way. Women in management by country | -0.01 | +0.17 | 0.209 | 148 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and PhysiciansLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Physicians by country | -0.52 | -0.17 | 0.131 | 168 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Gender Development IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Development Index by country | -0.45 | -0.16 | 0.353 | 169 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and PISA scienceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA science by country | -0.50 | -0.16 | 0.330 | 84 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country | -0.41 | -0.16 | 0.421 | 156 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Divorce rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate (UN) by country | +0.12 | +0.16 | 0.165 | 83 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Basic sanitationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic sanitation by country | -0.37 | +0.15 | 0.131 | 173 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Women ministersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country | -0.24 | -0.15 | 0.164 | 167 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Rule of lawCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Rule of law by country | -0.48 | -0.15 | 0.456 | 174 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country | +0.27 | +0.15 | 0.379 | 155 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country | -0.25 | -0.15 | 0.467 | 156 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Confidence in religious institutionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country | +0.41 | +0.14 | 0.221 | 100 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Education spendingAlmost no link either way. Education spending by country | +0.09 | +0.14 | 0.238 | 169 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Internet usersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Internet users by country | -0.43 | +0.14 | 0.505 | 175 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Public order spending by country | +0.45 | +0.14 | 0.562 | 36 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Birth rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.14) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth rate by country | +0.54 | +0.14 | 0.405 | 175 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Education scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.14) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Education score by country | -0.53 | -0.14 | 0.319 | 172 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Homicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Homicide rate by country | +0.19 | +0.14 | 0.254 | 152 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Primary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Primary enrollment by country | -0.09 | -0.14 | 0.053 | 172 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Governance scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country | -0.39 | -0.13 | 0.613 | 158 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Trust in governmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trust in government by country | -0.14 | +0.13 | 0.530 | 46 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Electricity accessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Electricity access by country | -0.34 | +0.13 | 0.176 | 174 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Skilled birth attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Skilled birth attendance by country | -0.28 | +0.12 | 0.082 | 160 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country | +0.36 | +0.12 | 0.632 | 170 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Infant mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infant mortality by country | +0.50 | +0.12 | 0.262 | 169 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and One-person householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. One-person households by country | -0.46 | -0.12 | 0.344 | 142 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Premature NCD mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Premature NCD mortality by country | +0.44 | +0.12 | 0.500 | 165 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Road traffic deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Road traffic deaths by country | +0.43 | +0.12 | 0.433 | 166 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country | -0.38 | -0.12 | 0.569 | 156 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Voice and accountabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Voice and accountability by country | -0.41 | -0.12 | 0.687 | 174 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Liberal democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Liberal democracy by country | -0.39 | -0.12 | 0.601 | 156 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | -0.32 | -0.11 | 0.059 | 175 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Government consumptionAlmost no link either way. Government consumption by country | +0.03 | +0.11 | 0.433 | 160 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Child stuntingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Child stunting by country | +0.28 | -0.11 | 0.455 | 143 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Control of corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Control of corruption by country | -0.46 | -0.11 | 0.498 | 174 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Adolescent fertilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adolescent fertility by country | +0.48 | +0.11 | 0.564 | 175 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | -0.26 | -0.11 | 0.669 | 156 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Wellbeing scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Wellbeing score by country | -0.49 | -0.10 | 0.668 | 100 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country | -0.36 | -0.10 | 0.644 | 156 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Retirement age, womenAlmost no link either way. Retirement age, women by country | +0.05 | -0.10 | 0.788 | 47 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and PISA readingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA reading by country | -0.47 | -0.10 | 0.558 | 84 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | -0.27 | -0.10 | 0.659 | 156 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Anaemia in womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Anaemia in women by country | +0.42 | +0.10 | 0.280 | 167 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Forest areaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Forest area by country | -0.12 | -0.09 | 0.603 | 172 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | +0.10 | -0.09 | 0.576 | 168 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Food insecurityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Food insecurity by country | +0.52 | +0.09 | 0.443 | 146 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | -0.23 | -0.09 | 0.734 | 156 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and UrbanizationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Urbanization by country | -0.31 | +0.09 | 0.752 | 175 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Political corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Political corruption by country | +0.42 | +0.08 | 0.408 | 156 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Pre-trial detainee shareAlmost no link either way. Pre-trial detainee share by country | +0.10 | -0.08 | 0.509 | 159 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Infrastructure scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infrastructure score by country | -0.54 | -0.08 | 0.653 | 174 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Religious attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religious attendance by country | +0.44 | +0.08 | 0.524 | 100 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and DTP3 immunisationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country | -0.20 | +0.08 | 0.660 | 168 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tuberculosis incidence by country | +0.33 | +0.08 | 0.581 | 174 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Fertility rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fertility rate by country | +0.50 | +0.07 | 0.686 | 175 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Mean years of schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Mean years of schooling by country | -0.49 | -0.07 | 0.710 | 169 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | -0.21 | +0.07 | 0.481 | 162 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Government spending per capitaLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government spending per capita by country | -0.55 | +0.07 | 0.677 | 42 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Christian shareAlmost no link either way. Christian share by country | -0.09 | -0.07 | 0.738 | 169 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Interpersonal trustCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Interpersonal trust by country | -0.40 | -0.07 | 0.621 | 100 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country | +0.10 | -0.07 | 0.525 | 172 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. CO2 per capita by country | -0.27 | -0.07 | 0.231 | 170 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Divorce rateAlmost no link either way. Divorce rate by country | +0.02 | -0.07 | 0.274 | 43 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country | +0.18 | +0.06 | 0.642 | 173 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Corporate tax rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corporate tax rate by country | +0.25 | -0.06 | 0.642 | 78 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Population growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population growth by country | +0.21 | -0.06 | 0.531 | 175 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Free and fair electionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Free and fair elections by country | -0.39 | -0.06 | 0.802 | 156 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | +0.19 | -0.06 | 0.737 | 172 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Equality scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Equality score by country | -0.32 | +0.06 | 0.381 | 155 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Hours workedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hours worked by country | +0.50 | +0.06 | 0.655 | 37 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Health spendingAlmost no link either way. Health spending by country | -0.07 | +0.06 | 0.818 | 168 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and InflationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Inflation by country | +0.11 | +0.05 | 0.763 | 171 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Adult literacyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adult literacy by country | -0.33 | -0.05 | 0.792 | 125 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Informal employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Informal employment by country | +0.52 | +0.05 | 0.851 | 138 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Secondary enrollmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Secondary enrollment by country | -0.42 | +0.05 | 0.717 | 168 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Married by 18Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Married by 18 by country | +0.24 | +0.05 | 0.803 | 127 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Compulsory schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | -0.22 | +0.04 | 0.812 | 164 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Primary completionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Primary completion by country | -0.40 | +0.04 | 0.645 | 152 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Political stabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political stability by country | -0.28 | +0.04 | 0.812 | 174 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Tobacco useAlmost no link either way. Tobacco use by country | -0.07 | +0.04 | 0.688 | 153 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Pupil-teacher ratioCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | +0.40 | -0.04 | 0.780 | 162 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Suicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country | -0.15 | -0.04 | 0.830 | 165 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Single-parent householdsAlmost no link either way. Single-parent households by country | +0.04 | +0.04 | 0.830 | 142 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Maternal mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Maternal mortality by country | +0.40 | +0.04 | 0.735 | 169 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and UndernourishmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Undernourishment by country | +0.43 | +0.04 | 0.796 | 152 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Health coverage indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Health coverage index by country | -0.49 | -0.03 | 0.780 | 168 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Migrant share of population by country | -0.31 | +0.03 | 0.790 | 174 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country | -0.21 | -0.03 | 0.926 | 100 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Birth registrationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth registration by country | -0.38 | -0.03 | 0.796 | 157 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | +0.13 | +0.03 | 0.936 | 175 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Out of school, primaryCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country | +0.29 | +0.03 | 0.857 | 168 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Marriage rateAlmost no link either way. Marriage rate by country | -0.06 | -0.03 | 0.832 | 44 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Retirement age, menCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, men by country | +0.23 | -0.02 | 0.954 | 47 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Hospital bedsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hospital beds by country | -0.29 | +0.02 | 0.898 | 155 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Conflict deathsAlmost no link either way. Conflict deaths by country | +0.09 | +0.02 | 0.901 | 169 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Military spendingAlmost no link either way. Military spending by country | -0.06 | -0.02 | 0.808 | 145 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Slum share of urban populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Slum share of urban population by country | +0.41 | +0.01 | 0.882 | 166 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Children with one parentAlmost no link either way. Children with one parent by country | -0.04 | +0.01 | 0.956 | 37 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Under-5 mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Under-5 mortality by country | +0.43 | +0.01 | 0.908 | 169 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | +0.27 | +0.01 | 0.962 | 170 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | -0.19 | +0.01 | 0.969 | 139 | moderate |
| Youth not in work or study and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | -0.01 | +0.01 | 0.957 | 174 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Aid given by country | -0.20 | +0.01 | 0.978 | 44 | high |
| Youth not in work or study and Marriage rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate (UN) by country | +0.15 | +0.00 | 0.990 | 91 | independent |
| Youth not in work or study and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | -0.53 | — | — | 175 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | -0.57 | — | — | 175 | proxy |
| Youth not in work or study and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | -0.49 | — | — | 175 | proxy |
Source
International Labour Organization
CC BY 4.0 · licence terms · updated quarterly
World Bank, World Development Indicators