placestats

Homicide rate

Intentional homicide rate (per 100,000 population)

Link with national income-0.38partly income-linked
Links that hold up6of 158 pairs tested
Unitper 100,000 populationhigher is worse
SourceUNODCCC BY 3.0 IGO
What this measures. Counts victims of intentional homicide (murder). Homicide is the crime least often left unreported. So it is the only crime figure similar enough across countries to use here. Rates of assault, theft and rape reflect how often people report crimes and how police record them, at least as much as how much crime there is, so they are left out on purpose. Even homicide figures shift when a country switches between police records and public-health records.

How it has moved

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Every country, every year

One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.

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Links that hold up

r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.

MeasureBefore adjustingAfter adjustingqCountriesTracks income?
Homicide rate and Gini indexWhere Homicide rate is higher, Gini index tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country+0.51+0.490.035139moderate
Homicide rate and Women in managementWhere Homicide rate is higher, Women in management tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country+0.42+0.460.017131moderate
Homicide rate and Adult obesityWhere Homicide rate is higher, Adult obesity tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country+0.25+0.280.043162moderate
Homicide rate and ResearchersWhere Homicide rate is higher, Researchers tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Researchers by country-0.35-0.270.012121proxy
Homicide rate and Divorce rate (UN)Where Homicide rate is higher, Divorce rate (UN) tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate (UN) by country-0.26-0.260.01390independent
Homicide rate and Compulsory schoolingWhere Homicide rate is higher, Compulsory schooling tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country+0.10+0.140.041158moderate

How much the other measures account for

The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 116 countries reporting all of them, and 71 candidate measures.

This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
Patterns usedShare of this measure accounted forAdded by this pattern
17%—
211%+4%
322%+12%
438%+16%
538%+0%
639%+1%

How it differs by category

This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.

The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.

Grouped byBetween groupsAfter incomeqGroups at each end
Last European coloniser0.290.290.037worst: Spain 13.6 · best: Never a European colony 2.41
per 100,000 population
Largest religious group0.270.280.005worst: Christians 9.1 · best: Muslims 2.22
per 100,000 population

Every other pair

Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.

152 of 152
Homicide rate and Births outside marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Births outside marriage by country+0.39+0.400.40942independent
Homicide rate and Single-parent householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Single-parent households by country+0.38+0.380.322129independent
Homicide rate and Market-income GiniLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.38) could easily be chance. Market-income Gini by country+0.55+0.380.50845moderate
Homicide rate and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country-0.32-0.370.171165moderate
Homicide rate and Children with one parentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Children with one parent by country+0.29+0.370.54038independent
Homicide rate and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country-0.34-0.350.257170moderate
Homicide rate and Christian shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Christian share by country+0.35+0.350.366159independent
Homicide rate and Public social spendingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.33) could easily be chance. Public social spending by country-0.52-0.330.16142moderate
Homicide rate and Inequality-adjusted HDICould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country-0.28-0.310.165143proxy
Homicide rate and Labour scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Labour score by country-0.29-0.310.267159high
Homicide rate and Equality scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Equality score by country-0.35-0.310.154139high
Homicide rate and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country+0.33+0.300.385154independent
Homicide rate and Gender Inequality IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender Inequality Index by country+0.29+0.300.226147proxy
Homicide rate and Recycling rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Recycling rate by country-0.49-0.300.38335moderate
Homicide rate and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country-0.34-0.290.09242independent
Homicide rate and Muslim shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country-0.26-0.280.391159independent
Homicide rate and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country-0.29-0.270.185144independent
Homicide rate and Gender Development IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender Development Index by country+0.12+0.270.415156high
Homicide rate and Marriage rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country-0.18-0.260.51646independent
Homicide rate and Married by 18Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Married by 18 by country+0.20+0.260.153112moderate
Homicide rate and Frequent prayerCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Frequent prayer by country+0.36+0.260.45076high
Homicide rate and UnemploymentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment by country+0.27+0.260.444153independent
Homicide rate and RedistributionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.25) could easily be chance. Redistribution by country-0.53-0.250.31945moderate
Homicide rate and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country-0.32-0.240.51739moderate
Homicide rate and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country-0.38-0.230.45842independent
Homicide rate and Health scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health score by country-0.24-0.220.200160moderate
Homicide rate and Food insecurityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Food insecurity by country+0.22+0.220.218136proxy
Homicide rate and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country+0.15+0.220.116144moderate
Homicide rate and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country+0.16+0.220.094144moderate
Homicide rate and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country-0.15-0.220.485162moderate
Homicide rate and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country+0.15+0.210.139144moderate
Homicide rate and Life satisfactionAlmost no link either way. Life satisfaction by country-0.03+0.210.312138proxy
Homicide rate and Life expectancyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Life expectancy by country-0.17-0.200.312170proxy
Homicide rate and Adolescent fertilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adolescent fertility by country+0.19+0.200.239170proxy
Homicide rate and Trust in governmentAlmost no link either way. Trust in government by country-0.03+0.200.73847moderate
Homicide rate and Employment in agricultureAlmost no link either way. Employment in agriculture by country-0.00-0.200.220153proxy
Homicide rate and Electoral democracyAlmost no link either way. Electoral democracy by country+0.08+0.190.154144moderate
Homicide rate and Participatory democracyAlmost no link either way. Participatory democracy by country+0.08+0.190.166144moderate
Homicide rate and PISA mathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA maths by country-0.36-0.190.36187high
Homicide rate and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country-0.13-0.190.460162moderate
Homicide rate and Gender wage gapAlmost no link either way. Gender wage gap by country-0.08-0.190.47538independent
Homicide rate and Corporate tax rateAlmost no link either way. Corporate tax rate by country-0.06-0.190.53680moderate
Homicide rate and Forest areaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Forest area by country+0.18+0.180.227167independent
Homicide rate and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country+0.13+0.180.267154moderate
Homicide rate and Anaemia in womenAlmost no link either way. Anaemia in women by country-0.08-0.180.086159high
Homicide rate and Government effectivenessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government effectiveness by country-0.18-0.180.133169proxy
Homicide rate and Women ministersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country+0.16+0.180.178159independent
Homicide rate and Religious attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religious attendance by country+0.32+0.170.233101high
Homicide rate and Fertility rateAlmost no link either way. Fertility rate by country-0.05-0.170.116170proxy
Homicide rate and Informal employmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Informal employment by country+0.19+0.170.403121proxy
Homicide rate and Free and fair electionsAlmost no link either way. Free and fair elections by country+0.03+0.160.117144high
Homicide rate and HIV prevalenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country+0.18+0.160.692125moderate
Homicide rate and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country-0.14-0.160.353168independent
Homicide rate and One-person householdsAlmost no link either way. One-person households by country+0.06+0.160.523129high
Homicide rate and Tertiary enrollmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tertiary enrollment by country-0.17-0.160.168156high
Homicide rate and Regime typeAlmost no link either way. Regime type by country+0.05+0.150.281144moderate
Homicide rate and Interpersonal trustCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Interpersonal trust by country-0.30-0.150.598103high
Homicide rate and Governance scoreAlmost no link either way. Governance score by country+0.05+0.150.224147moderate
Homicide rate and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country+0.16+0.150.327167moderate
Homicide rate and Primary enrollmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Primary enrollment by country+0.16+0.150.120166independent
Homicide rate and Liberal democracyAlmost no link either way. Liberal democracy by country+0.03+0.150.177144moderate
Homicide rate and Population growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population growth by country-0.11-0.140.277170moderate
Homicide rate and Government spending per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government spending per capita by country-0.45+0.140.52643proxy
Homicide rate and Youth not in work or studyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Youth not in work or study by country+0.19+0.140.254152high
Homicide rate and Rule of lawCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Rule of law by country-0.16-0.130.171169high
Homicide rate and Secondary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Secondary enrollment by country+0.05+0.130.245162high
Homicide rate and Regulatory qualityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regulatory quality by country-0.15-0.130.120169proxy
Homicide rate and UndernourishmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Undernourishment by country+0.21+0.130.193142proxy
Homicide rate and Retirement age, menAlmost no link either way. Retirement age, men by country+0.06-0.130.78749independent
Homicide rate and Population 0-14Almost no link either way. Population 0-14 by country-0.01-0.130.326170proxy
Homicide rate and Control of corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Control of corruption by country-0.16-0.130.150169high
Homicide rate and Health coverage indexAlmost no link either way. Health coverage index by country-0.03+0.120.102160proxy
Homicide rate and Hospital bedsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Hospital beds by country-0.17-0.120.331150high
Homicide rate and PhysiciansCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Physicians by country-0.16-0.120.433160proxy
Homicide rate and HDICould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HDI by country-0.14-0.120.320161proxy
Homicide rate and Civil society participationAlmost no link either way. Civil society participation by country+0.08+0.110.364144independent
Homicide rate and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Aid given by country-0.28-0.110.77247high
Homicide rate and Military spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Military spending by country-0.12-0.110.101135independent
Homicide rate and Women's political empowermentAlmost no link either way. Women's political empowerment by country+0.01+0.110.535144moderate
Homicide rate and Road traffic deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Road traffic deaths by country+0.17+0.110.449158high
Homicide rate and Health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country-0.12-0.100.266160independent
Homicide rate and Female labor participationAlmost no link either way. Female labor participation by country+0.09+0.100.572153independent
Homicide rate and Confidence in religious institutionsAlmost no link either way. Confidence in religious institutions by country+0.06-0.100.521103moderate
Homicide rate and Birth rateAlmost no link either way. Birth rate by country+0.00-0.100.405170proxy
Homicide rate and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country+0.13+0.100.375162moderate
Homicide rate and Hours workedLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Hours worked by country+0.53+0.100.30738high
Homicide rate and Political stabilityAlmost no link either way. Political stability by country+0.03+0.100.536169moderate
Homicide rate and Birth registrationAlmost no link either way. Birth registration by country-0.01+0.090.385142proxy
Homicide rate and Population 65+Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population 65+ by country-0.11-0.090.665170high
Homicide rate and Self-reported happinessAlmost no link either way. Self-reported happiness by country-0.03+0.090.787103moderate
Homicide rate and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public order spending by country+0.30-0.090.71837high
Homicide rate and GDP growthAlmost no link either way. GDP growth by country-0.07-0.080.178170moderate
Homicide rate and Voice and accountabilityAlmost no link either way. Voice and accountability by country+0.02+0.080.529169moderate
Homicide rate and Electricity accessAlmost no link either way. Electricity access by country+0.01+0.080.557169high
Homicide rate and PISA readingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA reading by country-0.19+0.080.59487high
Homicide rate and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country-0.11-0.080.510169moderate
Homicide rate and Protected landAlmost no link either way. Protected land by country+0.06+0.080.423167independent
Homicide rate and Women's age at first marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's age at first marriage by country-0.27-0.080.57640moderate
Homicide rate and PISA scienceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA science by country-0.29-0.080.47487high
Homicide rate and Infant mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Infant mortality by country+0.11+0.070.616162proxy
Homicide rate and DTP3 immunisationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country-0.11-0.070.617160moderate
Homicide rate and Fixed broadbandCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Fixed broadband by country-0.12-0.070.689168proxy
Homicide rate and Extreme poverty rateAlmost no link either way. Extreme poverty rate by country+0.09-0.070.672139proxy
Homicide rate and Tuberculosis incidenceAlmost no link either way. Tuberculosis incidence by country-0.01-0.070.765168high
Homicide rate and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country-0.14-0.070.297152moderate
Homicide rate and Migrant share of populationAlmost no link either way. Migrant share of population by country+0.02+0.070.686169high
Homicide rate and Basic water accessAlmost no link either way. Basic water access by country-0.01+0.070.597168proxy
Homicide rate and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country-0.11-0.060.604159moderate
Homicide rate and Retirement age, womenAlmost no link either way. Retirement age, women by country+0.01-0.060.83049independent
Homicide rate and Education spendingAlmost no link either way. Education spending by country-0.06-0.060.471162independent
Homicide rate and Male labor participationAlmost no link either way. Male labor participation by country+0.06+0.060.621153independent
Homicide rate and Vulnerable employmentAlmost no link either way. Vulnerable employment by country+0.07-0.060.701153proxy
Homicide rate and Tax revenueAlmost no link either way. Tax revenue by country+0.02+0.060.684132moderate
Homicide rate and Corruption Perceptions IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corruption Perceptions Index by country-0.15-0.060.574151high
Homicide rate and Maternal mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Maternal mortality by country+0.11+0.060.559161proxy
Homicide rate and CO2 per capitaAlmost no link either way. CO2 per capita by country-0.08-0.060.596164proxy
Homicide rate and Refugees originatingAlmost no link either way. Refugees originating by country-0.04-0.060.389165moderate
Homicide rate and Primary completionAlmost no link either way. Primary completion by country-0.07+0.050.764138proxy
Homicide rate and Government expenseAlmost no link either way. Government expense by country-0.08-0.050.699132moderate
Homicide rate and Women in parliamentAlmost no link either way. Women in parliament by country+0.02+0.050.762159independent
Homicide rate and Infrastructure scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Infrastructure score by country-0.11-0.050.675168proxy
Homicide rate and Out of school, primaryAlmost no link either way. Out of school, primary by country+0.08+0.050.526162moderate
Homicide rate and Wellbeing scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Wellbeing score by country-0.20+0.050.669103high
Homicide rate and Conflict deathsAlmost no link either way. Conflict deaths by country-0.03-0.040.425162moderate
Homicide rate and Out-of-pocket health spendingAlmost no link either way. Out-of-pocket health spending by country+0.08+0.040.728160moderate
Homicide rate and Adult literacyAlmost no link either way. Adult literacy by country-0.05+0.040.777116high
Homicide rate and Skilled birth attendanceAlmost no link either way. Skilled birth attendance by country-0.01+0.040.438152high
Homicide rate and Slum share of urban populationAlmost no link either way. Slum share of urban population by country+0.04-0.040.765157high
Homicide rate and Under-5 mortalityAlmost no link either way. Under-5 mortality by country+0.08+0.040.795162proxy
Homicide rate and Expected schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Expected schooling by country-0.11-0.030.615161proxy
Homicide rate and Religion very importantCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religion very important by country+0.17-0.030.846103high
Homicide rate and Suicide rateAlmost no link either way. Suicide rate by country-0.06-0.030.909155independent
Homicide rate and InflationAlmost no link either way. Inflation by country-0.01-0.030.660163independent
Homicide rate and Premature NCD mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Premature NCD mortality by country+0.11+0.030.845155high
Homicide rate and UrbanizationAlmost no link either way. Urbanization by country-0.06-0.020.843170high
Homicide rate and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country-0.31-0.020.89742moderate
Homicide rate and Internet usersAlmost no link either way. Internet users by country-0.07+0.020.874169proxy
Homicide rate and Alcohol consumptionAlmost no link either way. Alcohol consumption by country-0.07-0.010.950157moderate
Homicide rate and Marriage rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Marriage rate (UN) by country+0.04-0.010.90399independent
Homicide rate and Pupil-teacher ratioAlmost no link either way. Pupil-teacher ratio by country+0.04-0.010.909157proxy
Homicide rate and Mean years of schoolingAlmost no link either way. Mean years of schooling by country-0.10-0.010.940161proxy
Homicide rate and Political corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political corruption by country+0.14+0.010.893144high
Homicide rate and Divorce rateAlmost no link either way. Divorce rate by country+0.06-0.010.98045independent
Homicide rate and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country-0.01-0.010.893167independent
Homicide rate and Child stuntingAlmost no link either way. Child stunting by country+0.04+0.010.956130proxy
Homicide rate and Government consumptionAlmost no link either way. Government consumption by country-0.01+0.010.951151independent
Homicide rate and Education scoreAlmost no link either way. Education score by country-0.05-0.010.958165proxy
Homicide rate and Basic sanitationAlmost no link either way. Basic sanitation by country-0.05-0.000.977168high
Homicide rate and Median ageAlmost no link either way. Median age by country-0.06+0.000.987170proxy
Homicide rate and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country-0.16——170proxy
Homicide rate and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country-0.22——168proxy
Homicide rate and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country-0.08——170proxy

Source

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime · via Our World in Data

CC BY 3.0 IGO · licence terms · updated annual

UN Office on Drugs and Crime, Intentional Homicide Victims