Confidence in religious institutions
Share with confidence in churches and religious organisations
Link with national income-0.57partly income-linked
Links that hold up13of 158 pairs tested
Unit% of respondentshigher is neither better nor worse
SourceIVSFree for non-commercial use with attribution
What this measures. "A great deal" or "quite a lot" of confidence, as against "not very much" or "none". Confidence in an institution is not belief in what it teaches. The gap between this and the importance of religion shows how far religious people trust their clergy. No "better" direction is set.
How it has moved
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Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
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Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confidence in religious institutions and Religion very importantWhere Confidence in religious institutions is higher, Religion very important tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Religion very important by country | +0.73 | +0.62 | 0.029 | 107 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Religiously unaffiliatedWhere Confidence in religious institutions is higher, Religiously unaffiliated tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | -0.67 | -0.56 | 0.012 | 106 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Frequent prayerWhere Confidence in religious institutions is higher, Frequent prayer tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Frequent prayer by country | +0.62 | +0.46 | 0.006 | 78 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Hours workedWhere Confidence in religious institutions is higher, Hours worked tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Hours worked by country | +0.51 | +0.41 | 0.039 | 37 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Civil liberties (FH)Where Confidence in religious institutions is higher, Civil liberties (FH) tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country | +0.56 | +0.37 | 0.034 | 105 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Muslim shareWhere Confidence in religious institutions is higher, Muslim share tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country | +0.47 | +0.35 | 0.009 | 106 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Single-parent householdsWhere Confidence in religious institutions is higher, Single-parent households tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Single-parent households by country | -0.25 | -0.31 | 0.016 | 89 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Median ageWhere Confidence in religious institutions is higher, Median age tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Median age by country | -0.56 | -0.31 | 0.024 | 107 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Suicide rateWhere Confidence in religious institutions is higher, Suicide rate tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country | -0.44 | -0.31 | 0.010 | 103 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Control of corruptionWhere Confidence in religious institutions is higher, Control of corruption tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Control of corruption by country | -0.53 | -0.28 | 0.022 | 107 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Political corruptionWhere Confidence in religious institutions is higher, Political corruption tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Political corruption by country | +0.52 | +0.27 | 0.036 | 103 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Political stabilityWhere Confidence in religious institutions is higher, Political stability tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Political stability by country | -0.52 | -0.24 | 0.038 | 107 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Gender wage gapWhere Confidence in religious institutions is higher, Gender wage gap tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Gender wage gap by country | -0.17 | -0.21 | 0.041 | 36 | independent |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 88 countries reporting all of them, and 71 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 48% | — |
| 2 | 55% | +7% |
| 3 | 57% | +2% |
| 4 | 57% | +0% |
| 5 | 57% | +0% |
| 6 | 57% | +0% |
How it differs by category
This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.
The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.
| Grouped by | Between groups | After income | q | Groups at each end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last European coloniser | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.109 | largest: United Kingdom 72.1% · smallest: Spain 61.4% % of respondents |
| Largest religious group | 0.46 | 0.33 | 0.003 | largest: Muslims 75.2% · smallest: Christians 56.6% % of respondents |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
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| Confidence in religious institutions and Religious attendanceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.51) could easily be chance. Religious attendance by country | +0.67 | +0.51 | 0.063 | 105 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and PISA scienceComparing only countries with similar income it is still -0.46, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. PISA science by country | -0.59 | -0.46 | 0.072 | 76 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Fixed broadbandLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.43) could easily be chance. Fixed broadband by country | -0.62 | -0.43 | 0.076 | 106 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and PISA readingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.40) could easily be chance. PISA reading by country | -0.56 | -0.40 | 0.071 | 76 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and PISA mathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.39) could easily be chance. PISA maths by country | -0.56 | -0.39 | 0.116 | 76 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Population 65+Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.39) could easily be chance. Population 65+ by country | -0.59 | -0.39 | 0.080 | 107 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Health spendingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.39) could easily be chance. Health spending by country | -0.54 | -0.39 | 0.079 | 103 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and One-person householdsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.39) could easily be chance. One-person households by country | -0.58 | -0.39 | 0.073 | 89 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Informal employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.37) could easily be chance. Informal employment by country | +0.63 | +0.37 | 0.134 | 79 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Child stuntingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.36) could easily be chance. Child stunting by country | +0.52 | +0.36 | 0.156 | 83 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Hospital bedsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Hospital beds by country | -0.48 | -0.35 | 0.217 | 101 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | +0.41 | +0.34 | 0.083 | 107 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.34) could easily be chance. HDI by country | -0.56 | -0.34 | 0.143 | 104 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Primary enrollmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Primary enrollment by country | -0.21 | -0.34 | 0.455 | 104 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Trust in governmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trust in government by country | +0.12 | +0.33 | 0.282 | 45 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Liberal democracyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.32) could easily be chance. Liberal democracy by country | -0.52 | -0.32 | 0.124 | 103 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Recycling rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Recycling rate by country | -0.35 | -0.31 | 0.402 | 33 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and ResearchersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.31) could easily be chance. Researchers by country | -0.58 | -0.31 | 0.155 | 95 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Governance scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.31) could easily be chance. Governance score by country | -0.51 | -0.31 | 0.124 | 104 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country | -0.50 | -0.30 | 0.131 | 103 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Voice and accountabilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.30) could easily be chance. Voice and accountability by country | -0.53 | -0.30 | 0.086 | 107 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Gender Inequality IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.30) could easily be chance. Gender Inequality Index by country | +0.55 | +0.30 | 0.125 | 100 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | +0.43 | +0.29 | 0.155 | 106 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | -0.47 | -0.29 | 0.084 | 102 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country | -0.49 | -0.29 | 0.184 | 103 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and UndernourishmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Undernourishment by country | +0.18 | -0.29 | 0.464 | 99 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Interpersonal trustCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Interpersonal trust by country | -0.48 | -0.28 | 0.305 | 107 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Male labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Male labor participation by country | +0.34 | +0.28 | 0.271 | 105 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Marriage rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate (UN) by country | +0.41 | +0.28 | 0.316 | 76 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | +0.49 | +0.27 | 0.108 | 105 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country | -0.47 | -0.26 | 0.163 | 103 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Government consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country | -0.40 | -0.26 | 0.175 | 102 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Expected schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.26) could easily be chance. Expected schooling by country | -0.53 | -0.26 | 0.244 | 104 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country | -0.48 | -0.26 | 0.076 | 107 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | -0.40 | -0.25 | 0.205 | 103 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Free and fair electionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Free and fair elections by country | -0.48 | -0.25 | 0.339 | 103 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | -0.40 | -0.25 | 0.231 | 103 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Rule of lawLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.25) could easily be chance. Rule of law by country | -0.52 | -0.25 | 0.085 | 107 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Public social spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public social spending by country | -0.33 | -0.24 | 0.094 | 40 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Inequality-adjusted HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.24) could easily be chance. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | -0.58 | -0.24 | 0.166 | 98 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | -0.37 | -0.24 | 0.328 | 102 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Women ministersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country | -0.34 | -0.24 | 0.123 | 102 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Birth registrationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Birth registration by country | -0.47 | -0.24 | 0.376 | 95 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Corruption Perceptions IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.24) could easily be chance. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | -0.50 | -0.24 | 0.080 | 104 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | -0.43 | -0.23 | 0.472 | 103 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Anaemia in womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Anaemia in women by country | +0.47 | +0.23 | 0.341 | 102 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Infrastructure scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.23) could easily be chance. Infrastructure score by country | -0.53 | -0.23 | 0.430 | 106 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | +0.43 | +0.23 | 0.192 | 103 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Married by 18Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Married by 18 by country | +0.35 | +0.23 | 0.297 | 70 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Women in parliamentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country | -0.29 | -0.22 | 0.301 | 102 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Protected landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Protected land by country | -0.33 | -0.22 | 0.194 | 105 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | -0.38 | -0.22 | 0.344 | 103 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tuberculosis incidence by country | +0.41 | +0.22 | 0.178 | 106 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and UrbanizationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Urbanization by country | -0.47 | -0.22 | 0.155 | 107 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Education scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.21) could easily be chance. Education score by country | -0.56 | -0.21 | 0.255 | 104 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Employment in agricultureCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Employment in agriculture by country | +0.50 | +0.20 | 0.205 | 105 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Government expenseCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country | -0.44 | -0.20 | 0.090 | 90 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country | -0.10 | -0.20 | 0.159 | 105 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and PhysiciansCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Physicians by country | -0.49 | -0.20 | 0.414 | 103 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Life expectancyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.20) could easily be chance. Life expectancy by country | -0.51 | -0.20 | 0.209 | 107 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Secondary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.20) could easily be chance. Secondary enrollment by country | -0.54 | -0.20 | 0.283 | 103 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Women's age at first marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's age at first marriage by country | -0.23 | -0.19 | 0.407 | 39 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Government effectivenessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government effectiveness by country | -0.50 | -0.19 | 0.145 | 107 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Regulatory qualityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regulatory quality by country | -0.49 | -0.19 | 0.194 | 107 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Wellbeing scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Wellbeing score by country | -0.47 | -0.19 | 0.069 | 107 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. CO2 per capita by country | -0.11 | +0.19 | 0.653 | 102 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Population growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population growth by country | +0.34 | +0.18 | 0.280 | 107 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Adult literacyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult literacy by country | -0.31 | -0.18 | 0.543 | 68 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Births outside marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Births outside marriage by country | -0.17 | -0.18 | 0.693 | 40 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Agricultural landAlmost no link either way. Agricultural land by country | -0.01 | -0.18 | 0.382 | 105 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Birth rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Birth rate by country | +0.49 | +0.17 | 0.224 | 107 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Health scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health score by country | -0.27 | -0.17 | 0.343 | 103 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Population 0-14Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population 0-14 by country | +0.50 | +0.17 | 0.213 | 107 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Vulnerable employmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Vulnerable employment by country | +0.48 | +0.17 | 0.377 | 105 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Tertiary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.17) could easily be chance. Tertiary enrollment by country | -0.51 | -0.17 | 0.503 | 102 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country | -0.29 | -0.16 | 0.543 | 103 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Health coverage indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health coverage index by country | -0.49 | -0.16 | 0.366 | 103 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and FDI inflowsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. FDI inflows by country | +0.13 | +0.16 | 0.387 | 106 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and UnemploymentAlmost no link either way. Unemployment by country | -0.01 | -0.16 | 0.416 | 105 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Primary completionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Primary completion by country | -0.26 | +0.15 | 0.620 | 97 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Divorce rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate by country | +0.15 | +0.15 | 0.616 | 43 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Aid given by country | -0.21 | -0.15 | 0.585 | 44 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Youth not in work or studyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Youth not in work or study by country | +0.41 | +0.14 | 0.221 | 100 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Mean years of schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mean years of schooling by country | -0.46 | -0.14 | 0.487 | 104 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Infant mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Infant mortality by country | +0.47 | +0.14 | 0.485 | 104 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Retirement age, womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, women by country | +0.17 | +0.13 | 0.415 | 47 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Fertility rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Fertility rate by country | +0.46 | +0.13 | 0.472 | 107 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | +0.36 | +0.13 | 0.424 | 104 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Basic water accessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Basic water access by country | -0.27 | +0.13 | 0.326 | 105 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Education spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Education spending by country | -0.22 | -0.13 | 0.419 | 101 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | -0.13 | +0.12 | 0.527 | 102 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Premature NCD mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Premature NCD mortality by country | +0.38 | +0.12 | 0.510 | 103 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Food insecurityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Food insecurity by country | +0.34 | -0.12 | 0.584 | 91 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Adolescent fertilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adolescent fertility by country | +0.44 | +0.12 | 0.446 | 107 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Migrant share of population by country | -0.21 | +0.11 | 0.694 | 106 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Under-5 mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Under-5 mortality by country | +0.44 | +0.11 | 0.580 | 104 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | -0.12 | +0.11 | 0.181 | 107 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Self-reported happinessAlmost no link either way. Self-reported happiness by country | -0.07 | +0.11 | 0.528 | 107 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Retirement age, menCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, men by country | +0.25 | +0.11 | 0.661 | 47 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Electricity accessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electricity access by country | -0.25 | +0.11 | 0.604 | 106 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Marriage rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country | +0.11 | +0.10 | 0.816 | 44 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Homicide rateAlmost no link either way. Homicide rate by country | +0.06 | -0.10 | 0.521 | 103 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Road traffic deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Road traffic deaths by country | +0.42 | +0.10 | 0.300 | 103 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Slum share of urban populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Slum share of urban population by country | +0.43 | +0.10 | 0.504 | 103 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Christian shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Christian share by country | -0.16 | -0.10 | 0.567 | 106 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Forest areaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Forest area by country | -0.20 | -0.09 | 0.677 | 104 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Adult obesityAlmost no link either way. Adult obesity by country | -0.03 | +0.09 | 0.629 | 104 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | -0.19 | -0.09 | 0.691 | 40 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Female labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Female labor participation by country | -0.22 | -0.08 | 0.651 | 105 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Out of school, primaryCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country | +0.35 | +0.08 | 0.432 | 102 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Military spendingAlmost no link either way. Military spending by country | +0.09 | +0.08 | 0.265 | 100 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Children with one parentAlmost no link either way. Children with one parent by country | +0.06 | +0.08 | 0.531 | 38 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Divorce rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Divorce rate (UN) by country | +0.08 | +0.08 | 0.686 | 72 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and DTP3 immunisationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country | -0.13 | +0.07 | 0.795 | 103 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Market-income GiniCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Market-income Gini by country | +0.25 | +0.07 | 0.831 | 43 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Conflict deathsAlmost no link either way. Conflict deaths by country | +0.04 | -0.06 | 0.385 | 104 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Pre-trial detainee shareAlmost no link either way. Pre-trial detainee share by country | +0.06 | -0.06 | 0.787 | 99 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Gender Development IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender Development Index by country | -0.34 | -0.06 | 0.671 | 103 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country | -0.14 | -0.06 | 0.730 | 40 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and RedistributionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Redistribution by country | -0.31 | -0.06 | 0.784 | 43 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Maternal mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Maternal mortality by country | +0.31 | +0.05 | 0.815 | 104 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Public order spendingAlmost no link either way. Public order spending by country | +0.03 | -0.04 | 0.900 | 35 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Unemployment benefit spendingAlmost no link either way. Unemployment benefit spending by country | -0.06 | -0.04 | 0.920 | 37 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Pupil-teacher ratioCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | +0.48 | +0.04 | 0.893 | 98 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Internet usersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Internet users by country | -0.42 | -0.04 | 0.861 | 107 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | -0.18 | -0.04 | 0.871 | 88 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and InflationAlmost no link either way. Inflation by country | +0.04 | -0.04 | 0.596 | 105 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Government spending per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government spending per capita by country | -0.35 | +0.03 | 0.914 | 41 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Refugees originatingAlmost no link either way. Refugees originating by country | +0.06 | -0.03 | 0.543 | 105 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Old-age spendingAlmost no link either way. Old-age spending by country | -0.07 | -0.03 | 0.576 | 40 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and HIV prevalenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | +0.16 | +0.03 | 0.766 | 81 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Compulsory schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | -0.15 | -0.03 | 0.860 | 106 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Extreme poverty rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Extreme poverty rate by country | +0.32 | -0.02 | 0.909 | 97 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | -0.32 | -0.02 | 0.871 | 90 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Basic sanitationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Basic sanitation by country | -0.33 | +0.02 | 0.950 | 105 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country | +0.19 | +0.02 | 0.902 | 97 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Labour scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Labour score by country | -0.37 | +0.02 | 0.947 | 105 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Skilled birth attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Skilled birth attendance by country | -0.28 | +0.02 | 0.969 | 97 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Corporate tax rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corporate tax rate by country | +0.20 | +0.01 | 0.972 | 61 | moderate |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | -0.10 | -0.01 | 0.967 | 100 | independent |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Life satisfactionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Life satisfaction by country | -0.38 | +0.00 | 0.977 | 105 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and Equality scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Equality score by country | -0.30 | -0.00 | 0.999 | 97 | high |
| Confidence in religious institutions and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | -0.42 | — | — | 107 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | -0.44 | — | — | 107 | proxy |
| Confidence in religious institutions and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | -0.45 | — | — | 107 | proxy |
Source
World Values Survey Association and European Values Study · via Our World in Data
Free for non-commercial use with attribution · licence terms · updated irregular (survey waves, roughly every 5 years)
Haerpfer, C. et al., World Values Survey; EVS, European Values Study