Fixed broadband
Fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100 people)
Link with national income+0.88essentially a measure of national income
Links that hold up18of 158 pairs tested
Unitper 100 peoplehigher is better
SourceWDICC BY 4.0
What this measures. Subscriptions, not people. A household line counts once, however many people use it. A country that went straight to mobile data can be well connected with few of these lines. Internet users, already on the site, is the measure of people.
How it has moved
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Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
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Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed broadband and Population 65+Where Fixed broadband is higher, Population 65+ tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 65+ by country | +0.83 | +0.58 | 0.012 | 196 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Gender Inequality IndexWhere Fixed broadband is higher, Gender Inequality Index tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Inequality Index by country | -0.87 | -0.55 | 0.001 | 169 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and PhysiciansWhere Fixed broadband is higher, Physicians tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Physicians by country | +0.84 | +0.55 | 0.010 | 186 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Religion very importantWhere Fixed broadband is higher, Religion very important tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religion very important by country | -0.76 | -0.55 | 0.032 | 106 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Median ageWhere Fixed broadband is higher, Median age tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Median age by country | +0.86 | +0.54 | 0.003 | 196 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and One-person householdsWhere Fixed broadband is higher, One-person households tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. One-person households by country | +0.76 | +0.49 | 0.034 | 147 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Inequality-adjusted HDIWhere Fixed broadband is higher, Inequality-adjusted HDI tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | +0.90 | +0.47 | 0.024 | 167 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Religious attendanceWhere Fixed broadband is higher, Religious attendance tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religious attendance by country | -0.74 | -0.46 | 0.046 | 104 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Religiously unaffiliatedWhere Fixed broadband is higher, Religiously unaffiliated tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | +0.59 | +0.44 | 0.014 | 183 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Tertiary enrollmentWhere Fixed broadband is higher, Tertiary enrollment tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tertiary enrollment by country | +0.75 | +0.41 | 0.038 | 176 | high |
| Fixed broadband and HDIWhere Fixed broadband is higher, HDI tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. HDI by country | +0.85 | +0.40 | 0.028 | 187 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Hospital bedsWhere Fixed broadband is higher, Hospital beds tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hospital beds by country | +0.60 | +0.38 | 0.045 | 171 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Population 0-14Where Fixed broadband is higher, Population 0-14 tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 0-14 by country | -0.82 | -0.38 | 0.010 | 196 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Expected schoolingWhere Fixed broadband is higher, Expected schooling tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Expected schooling by country | +0.78 | +0.37 | 0.015 | 187 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Health scoreWhere Fixed broadband is higher, Health score tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Health score by country | +0.42 | +0.32 | 0.020 | 186 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Corruption Perceptions IndexWhere Fixed broadband is higher, Corruption Perceptions Index tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | +0.70 | +0.30 | 0.042 | 174 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Government effectivenessWhere Fixed broadband is higher, Government effectiveness tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government effectiveness by country | +0.78 | +0.28 | 0.034 | 194 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Birth rateWhere Fixed broadband is higher, Birth rate tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth rate by country | -0.78 | -0.24 | 0.037 | 196 | proxy |
Links that don’t count as findings
These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed broadband and Infrastructure scoreNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Infrastructure score by country | +0.88 | +0.54 | 0.009 | 196 | proxy |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 133 countries reporting all of them, and 70 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 77% | — |
| 2 | 77% | +1% |
| 3 | 78% | +0% |
| 4 | 79% | +1% |
| 5 | 83% | +4% |
| 6 | 83% | +0% |
This measure sits on the pattern all the measures share, which is national income under another name.
How it differs by category
This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.
The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.
| Grouped by | Between groups | After income | q | Groups at each end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last European coloniser | 0.36 | 0.22 | 0.145 | best: Never a European colony 19.2 · worst: France 3.74 per 100 people |
| Largest religious group | 0.28 | 0.23 | 0.017 | best: Christians 19.1 · worst: Muslims 9.82 per 100 people |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
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| Fixed broadband and ResearchersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.49) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Researchers by country | +0.77 | +0.49 | 0.055 | 131 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Frequent prayerLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.45) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Frequent prayer by country | -0.74 | -0.45 | 0.103 | 78 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Confidence in religious institutionsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.43) could easily be chance. Confidence in religious institutions by country | -0.62 | -0.43 | 0.076 | 106 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Informal employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.42) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Informal employment by country | -0.86 | -0.42 | 0.168 | 140 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Public social spendingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.41) could easily be chance. Public social spending by country | +0.58 | +0.41 | 0.060 | 42 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country | +0.40 | +0.38 | 0.169 | 42 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Alcohol consumptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.38) could easily be chance. Alcohol consumption by country | +0.59 | +0.38 | 0.078 | 182 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Women's age at first marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's age at first marriage by country | +0.50 | +0.35 | 0.212 | 40 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Trust in governmentAlmost no link either way. Trust in government by country | +0.01 | -0.35 | 0.155 | 47 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Women's political empowermentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.35) could easily be chance. Women's political empowerment by country | +0.55 | +0.35 | 0.068 | 167 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Hours workedLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hours worked by country | -0.64 | -0.35 | 0.346 | 38 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country | +0.33 | +0.34 | 0.193 | 186 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and PISA mathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.34) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA maths by country | +0.70 | +0.34 | 0.055 | 86 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | +0.46 | +0.33 | 0.089 | 179 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and PISA readingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.33) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA reading by country | +0.70 | +0.33 | 0.255 | 86 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Participatory democracyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.33) could easily be chance. Participatory democracy by country | +0.56 | +0.33 | 0.055 | 167 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Women in parliamentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country | +0.38 | +0.33 | 0.208 | 185 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Anaemia in womenLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.32) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Anaemia in women by country | -0.67 | -0.32 | 0.073 | 185 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Liberal democracyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.31) could easily be chance. Liberal democracy by country | +0.58 | +0.31 | 0.062 | 167 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and PISA scienceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA science by country | +0.68 | +0.29 | 0.239 | 86 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Recycling rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Recycling rate by country | +0.47 | +0.29 | 0.153 | 35 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Political corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Political corruption by country | -0.67 | -0.29 | 0.069 | 167 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Life expectancyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life expectancy by country | +0.79 | +0.28 | 0.135 | 196 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Electoral democracyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.28) could easily be chance. Electoral democracy by country | +0.53 | +0.28 | 0.123 | 167 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Voice and accountabilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.27) could easily be chance. Voice and accountability by country | +0.59 | +0.27 | 0.098 | 194 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Governance scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.27) could easily be chance. Governance score by country | +0.54 | +0.27 | 0.124 | 170 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Interpersonal trustLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Interpersonal trust by country | +0.59 | +0.27 | 0.371 | 106 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country | -0.37 | -0.26 | 0.094 | 162 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Control of corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.26) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Control of corruption by country | +0.69 | +0.26 | 0.057 | 194 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Free and fair electionsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.26) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Free and fair elections by country | +0.59 | +0.26 | 0.195 | 167 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Regime typeLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.25) could easily be chance. Regime type by country | +0.52 | +0.25 | 0.158 | 167 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Road traffic deathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.25) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Road traffic deaths by country | -0.64 | -0.25 | 0.264 | 183 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Aid given by country | +0.40 | +0.24 | 0.437 | 47 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Civil liberties (FH)Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.24) could easily be chance. Civil liberties (FH) by country | -0.51 | -0.24 | 0.170 | 187 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Regulatory qualityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.24) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Regulatory quality by country | +0.74 | +0.24 | 0.088 | 194 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Women ministersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country | +0.30 | +0.24 | 0.057 | 185 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country | +0.48 | +0.24 | 0.091 | 196 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Youth not in work or studyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.23) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Youth not in work or study by country | -0.58 | -0.23 | 0.087 | 174 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Life satisfactionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.23) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life satisfaction by country | +0.75 | +0.23 | 0.318 | 159 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Tuberculosis incidenceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tuberculosis incidence by country | -0.54 | -0.22 | 0.110 | 194 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | -0.48 | -0.22 | 0.240 | 187 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Rule of lawLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Rule of law by country | +0.67 | +0.22 | 0.093 | 194 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Mean years of schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Mean years of schooling by country | +0.75 | +0.21 | 0.222 | 187 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Child stuntingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Child stunting by country | -0.69 | -0.21 | 0.132 | 155 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Infant mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infant mortality by country | -0.73 | -0.21 | 0.080 | 186 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. CO2 per capita by country | +0.23 | -0.21 | 0.405 | 190 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country | +0.28 | +0.20 | 0.132 | 167 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Health coverage indexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Health coverage index by country | +0.77 | +0.20 | 0.334 | 186 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Wellbeing scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Wellbeing score by country | +0.68 | +0.20 | 0.085 | 106 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | +0.34 | +0.20 | 0.343 | 167 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | +0.33 | +0.20 | 0.275 | 167 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | +0.27 | +0.20 | 0.429 | 164 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Suicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country | +0.27 | +0.19 | 0.276 | 179 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Labour scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Labour score by country | +0.67 | +0.19 | 0.484 | 185 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Muslim shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country | -0.30 | -0.19 | 0.287 | 183 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | +0.30 | +0.19 | 0.211 | 167 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Education scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Education score by country | +0.73 | +0.19 | 0.187 | 189 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | -0.26 | -0.18 | 0.242 | 196 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Migrant share of population by country | +0.40 | -0.18 | 0.333 | 196 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country | -0.15 | +0.17 | 0.308 | 194 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Divorce rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate by country | -0.20 | -0.16 | 0.165 | 45 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country | +0.15 | -0.16 | 0.238 | 188 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Fertility rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.16) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fertility rate by country | -0.73 | -0.16 | 0.091 | 196 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Gender wage gapAlmost no link either way. Gender wage gap by country | +0.07 | +0.15 | 0.531 | 38 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and HIV prevalenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | -0.27 | -0.15 | 0.054 | 148 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Government expenseCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country | +0.32 | +0.15 | 0.534 | 151 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Female labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Female labor participation by country | +0.14 | +0.15 | 0.081 | 177 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Single-parent householdsAlmost no link either way. Single-parent households by country | +0.05 | +0.14 | 0.586 | 147 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Extreme poverty rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.14) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Extreme poverty rate by country | -0.60 | +0.14 | 0.145 | 162 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Adolescent fertilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.14) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adolescent fertility by country | -0.68 | -0.14 | 0.376 | 196 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Premature NCD mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.14) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Premature NCD mortality by country | -0.61 | -0.14 | 0.273 | 179 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Under-5 mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Under-5 mortality by country | -0.69 | -0.13 | 0.168 | 186 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Food insecurityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Food insecurity by country | -0.75 | -0.13 | 0.386 | 155 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country | +0.24 | +0.13 | 0.613 | 39 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | +0.40 | +0.13 | 0.288 | 42 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Christian shareAlmost no link either way. Christian share by country | +0.08 | +0.12 | 0.594 | 183 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and UnemploymentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment by country | -0.13 | -0.11 | 0.550 | 177 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country | -0.15 | +0.11 | 0.178 | 191 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Secondary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.11) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Secondary enrollment by country | +0.66 | +0.11 | 0.453 | 185 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Slum share of urban populationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.11) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Slum share of urban population by country | -0.65 | -0.11 | 0.386 | 182 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | +0.30 | -0.11 | 0.087 | 196 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Male labor participationAlmost no link either way. Male labor participation by country | -0.06 | -0.10 | 0.634 | 177 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Adult literacyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.10) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adult literacy by country | +0.60 | +0.10 | 0.424 | 135 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | -0.29 | +0.10 | 0.397 | 190 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Vulnerable employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.10) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Vulnerable employment by country | -0.73 | -0.10 | 0.485 | 177 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Out of school, primaryCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country | -0.44 | -0.10 | 0.262 | 184 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | +0.32 | +0.09 | 0.531 | 151 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Equality scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Equality score by country | +0.60 | +0.09 | 0.525 | 162 | high |
| Fixed broadband and RedistributionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Redistribution by country | +0.50 | +0.09 | 0.806 | 45 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Pupil-teacher ratioLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | -0.69 | -0.09 | 0.396 | 178 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Electricity accessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Electricity access by country | +0.57 | -0.09 | 0.174 | 196 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Retirement age, womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, women by country | -0.16 | -0.09 | 0.392 | 49 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Market-income GiniCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Market-income Gini by country | -0.38 | -0.09 | 0.684 | 45 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Compulsory schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | +0.37 | +0.09 | 0.110 | 183 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Birth registrationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth registration by country | +0.61 | +0.09 | 0.158 | 165 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Conflict deathsAlmost no link either way. Conflict deaths by country | -0.07 | +0.08 | 0.065 | 187 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Primary completionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Primary completion by country | +0.61 | -0.08 | 0.259 | 161 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Children with one parentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Children with one parent by country | +0.12 | +0.08 | 0.814 | 38 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Homicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Homicide rate by country | -0.12 | -0.07 | 0.689 | 168 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Employment in agricultureLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Employment in agriculture by country | -0.71 | -0.07 | 0.568 | 177 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country | -0.24 | +0.07 | 0.764 | 194 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Population growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population growth by country | -0.42 | -0.07 | 0.450 | 196 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | -0.37 | -0.07 | 0.468 | 187 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Marriage rateAlmost no link either way. Marriage rate by country | +0.03 | +0.07 | 0.902 | 46 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Corporate tax rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corporate tax rate by country | -0.27 | +0.07 | 0.704 | 85 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country | -0.21 | +0.06 | 0.673 | 171 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Married by 18Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Married by 18 by country | -0.51 | -0.06 | 0.770 | 134 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Primary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Primary enrollment by country | -0.00 | +0.06 | 0.644 | 190 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country | +0.24 | -0.05 | 0.697 | 106 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Education spendingAlmost no link either way. Education spending by country | +0.05 | +0.05 | 0.623 | 185 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Internet usersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Internet users by country | +0.72 | +0.05 | 0.728 | 196 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country | +0.26 | +0.05 | 0.448 | 42 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | +0.33 | -0.05 | 0.739 | 179 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Government spending per capitaLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government spending per capita by country | +0.62 | +0.05 | 0.879 | 43 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | +0.23 | -0.05 | 0.731 | 148 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Basic sanitationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic sanitation by country | +0.66 | +0.05 | 0.661 | 195 | high |
| Fixed broadband and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | +0.07 | +0.05 | 0.695 | 192 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and DTP3 immunisationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country | +0.45 | +0.04 | 0.671 | 186 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Protected landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Protected land by country | +0.18 | +0.04 | 0.798 | 194 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Marriage rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate (UN) by country | -0.13 | +0.04 | 0.906 | 102 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | -0.26 | +0.04 | 0.718 | 186 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Gender Development IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Development Index by country | +0.52 | -0.03 | 0.400 | 180 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Maternal mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Maternal mortality by country | -0.59 | -0.03 | 0.446 | 187 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Skilled birth attendanceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Skilled birth attendance by country | +0.57 | +0.03 | 0.589 | 175 | high |
| Fixed broadband and InflationAlmost no link either way. Inflation by country | -0.09 | +0.03 | 0.415 | 187 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Forest areaAlmost no link either way. Forest area by country | +0.01 | -0.03 | 0.889 | 194 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and UndernourishmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Undernourishment by country | -0.62 | -0.02 | 0.705 | 163 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and Divorce rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Divorce rate (UN) by country | +0.03 | +0.02 | 0.636 | 93 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Retirement age, menCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, men by country | -0.25 | -0.02 | 0.896 | 49 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Basic water accessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic water access by country | +0.63 | -0.02 | 0.698 | 195 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and UrbanizationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Urbanization by country | +0.54 | +0.01 | 0.950 | 196 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Public order spending by country | -0.35 | -0.01 | 0.962 | 37 | high |
| Fixed broadband and Political stabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political stability by country | +0.48 | -0.01 | 0.930 | 194 | moderate |
| Fixed broadband and Births outside marriageAlmost no link either way. Births outside marriage by country | -0.04 | +0.01 | 0.987 | 42 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Government consumptionAlmost no link either way. Government consumption by country | +0.10 | -0.00 | 0.982 | 177 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and Military spendingAlmost no link either way. Military spending by country | +0.08 | +0.00 | 0.990 | 155 | independent |
| Fixed broadband and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | +0.74 | — | — | 196 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | +0.76 | — | — | 194 | proxy |
| Fixed broadband and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | +0.71 | — | — | 196 | proxy |
Source
International Telecommunication Union
CC BY 4.0 · licence terms · updated quarterly
World Bank, World Development Indicators