placestats

Retirement age, men

Average effective age of retirement, men

Link with national income-0.19largely independent of national income
Links that hold up6of 156 pairs tested
Unityearshigher is neither better nor worse
SourceOECDCC BY 4.0 (OECD terms and conditions)
What this measures. The age at which men actually stop working, averaged over five years, not the official pension age. It comes from a 2018 release that Our World in Data keeps as a snapshot, so the series ends there. Men's and women's ages are treated as measuring the same thing.

How it has moved

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Every country, every year

One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.

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Links that hold up

r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.

MeasureBefore adjustingAfter adjustingqCountriesTracks income?
Retirement age, men and Male labor participationWhere Retirement age, men is higher, Male labor participation tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Male labor participation by country+0.68+0.660.00249independent
Retirement age, men and Government expenseWhere Retirement age, men is higher, Government expense tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country-0.60-0.580.01547moderate
Retirement age, men and RedistributionWhere Retirement age, men is higher, Redistribution tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Redistribution by country-0.58-0.570.02144moderate
Retirement age, men and Tobacco useWhere Retirement age, men is higher, Tobacco use tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country-0.33-0.440.04849independent
Retirement age, men and Hours workedWhere Retirement age, men is higher, Hours worked tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Hours worked by country+0.32+0.340.01738high
Retirement age, men and Health coverage indexWhere Retirement age, men is higher, Health coverage index tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Health coverage index by country+0.00+0.280.01049proxy

Links that don’t count as findings

These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.

MeasureBefore adjustingAfter adjustingqCountriesTracks income?
Retirement age, men and Retirement age, womenTwo ways of measuring the same thing, so their agreement tells you about measurement, not about the world. Retirement age, women by country+0.75+0.750.02749independent

How much the other measures account for

The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 47 countries reporting all of them, and 71 candidate measures.

This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
Patterns usedShare of this measure accounted forAdded by this pattern
18%—
210%+2%
310%+0%
412%+2%
521%+8%
622%+1%

Every other pair

Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.

149 of 149
Retirement age, men and Informal employmentComparing only countries with similar income it is still +0.57, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Informal employment by country+0.63+0.570.08241proxy
Retirement age, men and Gender wage gapComparing only countries with similar income it is still +0.56, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Gender wage gap by country+0.58+0.560.06036independent
Retirement age, men and Old-age spendingComparing only countries with similar income it is still -0.56, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Old-age spending by country-0.54-0.560.10539independent
Retirement age, men and Public social spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public social spending by country-0.50-0.460.05739moderate
Retirement age, men and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country+0.23+0.400.15947moderate
Retirement age, men and Christian shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Christian share by country-0.40-0.380.29049independent
Retirement age, men and UnemploymentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment by country-0.23-0.370.42749independent
Retirement age, men and Government consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country-0.45-0.370.05349independent
Retirement age, men and Government spending per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government spending per capita by country-0.48-0.360.20041proxy
Retirement age, men and Government effectivenessAlmost no link either way. Government effectiveness by country-0.00+0.350.10249proxy
Retirement age, men and Gender Development IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender Development Index by country-0.42-0.350.06149high
Retirement age, men and Protected landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Protected land by country-0.39-0.340.33949independent
Retirement age, men and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country-0.42-0.340.15949moderate
Retirement age, men and HIV prevalenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country-0.12-0.330.62536moderate
Retirement age, men and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country-0.43-0.330.05449moderate
Retirement age, men and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country-0.33-0.330.27349moderate
Retirement age, men and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public order spending by country-0.21-0.320.48435high
Retirement age, men and Median ageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Median age by country-0.41-0.310.43049proxy
Retirement age, men and One-person householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. One-person households by country-0.46-0.300.15839high
Retirement age, men and Market-income GiniCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Market-income Gini by country-0.14-0.280.26544moderate
Retirement age, men and Skilled birth attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Skilled birth attendance by country-0.36-0.280.35942high
Retirement age, men and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country-0.33-0.280.14547moderate
Retirement age, men and Premature NCD mortalityAlmost no link either way. Premature NCD mortality by country+0.01-0.280.08449high
Retirement age, men and Employment in agricultureCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Employment in agriculture by country+0.41+0.280.18249proxy
Retirement age, men and Vulnerable employmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Vulnerable employment by country+0.41+0.280.22349proxy
Retirement age, men and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country+0.39+0.270.38249moderate
Retirement age, men and Population 65+Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population 65+ by country-0.37-0.270.42949high
Retirement age, men and Wellbeing scoreAlmost no link either way. Wellbeing score by country-0.04+0.270.19047high
Retirement age, men and Regulatory qualityAlmost no link either way. Regulatory quality by country-0.07+0.260.08649proxy
Retirement age, men and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country-0.19-0.250.25249independent
Retirement age, men and PhysiciansCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Physicians by country-0.37-0.250.31949proxy
Retirement age, men and Population 0-14Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population 0-14 by country+0.36+0.250.56249proxy
Retirement age, men and Corruption Perceptions IndexAlmost no link either way. Corruption Perceptions Index by country-0.07+0.240.19549high
Retirement age, men and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country-0.29-0.240.33339independent
Retirement age, men and Birth registrationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Birth registration by country-0.40-0.240.44247proxy
Retirement age, men and Electricity accessAlmost no link either way. Electricity access by country+0.08+0.240.64249high
Retirement age, men and UrbanizationAlmost no link either way. Urbanization by country+0.06+0.240.05749high
Retirement age, men and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country-0.31-0.240.41239moderate
Retirement age, men and Labour scoreAlmost no link either way. Labour score by country-0.06+0.230.59849high
Retirement age, men and Birth rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Birth rate by country+0.33+0.230.56349proxy
Retirement age, men and Anaemia in womenAlmost no link either way. Anaemia in women by country+0.05-0.220.29649high
Retirement age, men and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country+0.29+0.220.45549moderate
Retirement age, men and Female labor participationAlmost no link either way. Female labor participation by country+0.04+0.220.28649independent
Retirement age, men and Life expectancyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Life expectancy by country-0.12+0.210.43849proxy
Retirement age, men and Muslim shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country+0.25+0.210.25249independent
Retirement age, men and Population growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population growth by country+0.13+0.200.53049moderate
Retirement age, men and Child stuntingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Child stunting by country+0.37+0.200.52530proxy
Retirement age, men and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country+0.34+0.190.48049moderate
Retirement age, men and Life satisfactionAlmost no link either way. Life satisfaction by country-0.09+0.190.48049proxy
Retirement age, men and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country-0.16-0.190.18849moderate
Retirement age, men and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country-0.28-0.190.36749moderate
Retirement age, men and Extreme poverty rateAlmost no link either way. Extreme poverty rate by country+0.06-0.180.73647proxy
Retirement age, men and Women's age at first marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's age at first marriage by country-0.26-0.180.31940moderate
Retirement age, men and Control of corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Control of corruption by country-0.12+0.180.30049high
Retirement age, men and Interpersonal trustAlmost no link either way. Interpersonal trust by country-0.04+0.180.39047high
Retirement age, men and Slum share of urban populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Slum share of urban population by country+0.33+0.170.48948high
Retirement age, men and Food insecurityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Food insecurity by country+0.27+0.160.70545proxy
Retirement age, men and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country-0.19-0.160.62244moderate
Retirement age, men and Fertility rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Fertility rate by country+0.25+0.160.69949proxy
Retirement age, men and Divorce rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate (UN) by country-0.12-0.150.17540independent
Retirement age, men and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country+0.19+0.150.34347independent
Retirement age, men and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country+0.17+0.140.49249moderate
Retirement age, men and Maternal mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Maternal mortality by country+0.33+0.140.65849proxy
Retirement age, men and Primary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Primary enrollment by country-0.07-0.140.06349independent
Retirement age, men and Conflict deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Conflict deaths by country+0.20+0.140.70549moderate
Retirement age, men and Suicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country-0.16-0.140.69249independent
Retirement age, men and Internet usersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Internet users by country-0.19+0.140.56249proxy
Retirement age, men and Single-parent householdsAlmost no link either way. Single-parent households by country-0.09-0.130.26239independent
Retirement age, men and Homicide rateAlmost no link either way. Homicide rate by country+0.06-0.130.78749moderate
Retirement age, men and Gender Inequality IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender Inequality Index by country+0.33+0.130.51549proxy
Retirement age, men and Mean years of schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mean years of schooling by country-0.30-0.120.49449proxy
Retirement age, men and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country-0.14-0.120.52338moderate
Retirement age, men and ResearchersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Researchers by country-0.14+0.120.71448proxy
Retirement age, men and Rule of lawCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Rule of law by country-0.15+0.110.64149high
Retirement age, men and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country+0.24+0.110.55549moderate
Retirement age, men and Confidence in religious institutionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country+0.25+0.110.66147moderate
Retirement age, men and Free and fair electionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Free and fair elections by country-0.22-0.110.57449high
Retirement age, men and Pupil-teacher ratioCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pupil-teacher ratio by country+0.30+0.110.61746proxy
Retirement age, men and Road traffic deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Road traffic deaths by country+0.25+0.110.63749high
Retirement age, men and Basic sanitationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Basic sanitation by country-0.12+0.100.80949high
Retirement age, men and Religion very importantCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religion very important by country+0.26+0.100.31547high
Retirement age, men and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country+0.23+0.100.73747moderate
Retirement age, men and Trust in governmentAlmost no link either way. Trust in government by country+0.03+0.100.44843moderate
Retirement age, men and CO2 per capitaAlmost no link either way. CO2 per capita by country-0.02+0.100.67949proxy
Retirement age, men and Aid givenAlmost no link either way. Aid given by country-0.07-0.090.64841high
Retirement age, men and Children with one parentAlmost no link either way. Children with one parent by country+0.07+0.090.80438independent
Retirement age, men and Mobile subscriptionsAlmost no link either way. Mobile subscriptions by country+0.07+0.090.81449moderate
Retirement age, men and Recycling rateAlmost no link either way. Recycling rate by country+0.00+0.090.85234moderate
Retirement age, men and Women in parliamentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country-0.15-0.080.80749independent
Retirement age, men and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country-0.17-0.080.79649moderate
Retirement age, men and Marriage rateAlmost no link either way. Marriage rate by country-0.03-0.080.76144independent
Retirement age, men and Secondary enrollmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Secondary enrollment by country-0.21-0.080.68449high
Retirement age, men and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tuberculosis incidence by country+0.27+0.080.86249high
Retirement age, men and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country-0.20-0.080.68649independent
Retirement age, men and Military spendingAlmost no link either way. Military spending by country+0.05+0.080.86348independent
Retirement age, men and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country-0.20-0.070.75449moderate
Retirement age, men and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country-0.19+0.070.86749moderate
Retirement age, men and Voice and accountabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Voice and accountability by country-0.23-0.070.78649moderate
Retirement age, men and PISA mathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA maths by country-0.26-0.070.89346high
Retirement age, men and Liberal democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Liberal democracy by country-0.21-0.060.78749moderate
Retirement age, men and Equality scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Equality score by country-0.22-0.060.85747high
Retirement age, men and Governance scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country-0.19-0.060.76349moderate
Retirement age, men and Frequent prayerCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Frequent prayer by country+0.21+0.060.64429high
Retirement age, men and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country+0.08+0.060.72049independent
Retirement age, men and Education spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Education spending by country-0.13-0.060.85349independent
Retirement age, men and Births outside marriageAlmost no link either way. Births outside marriage by country-0.05-0.060.91341independent
Retirement age, men and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country-0.20-0.060.79749moderate
Retirement age, men and Compulsory schoolingAlmost no link either way. Compulsory schooling by country-0.08-0.060.86749moderate
Retirement age, men and Religiously unaffiliatedAlmost no link either way. Religiously unaffiliated by country-0.02+0.050.86849moderate
Retirement age, men and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country-0.16-0.050.81549moderate
Retirement age, men and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country-0.14-0.050.83149moderate
Retirement age, men and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Migrant share of population by country-0.25-0.050.82149high
Retirement age, men and Political corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political corruption by country+0.20-0.050.49849high
Retirement age, men and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country-0.21-0.040.86749moderate
Retirement age, men and Corporate tax rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corporate tax rate by country+0.15+0.040.80248moderate
Retirement age, men and Forest areaAlmost no link either way. Forest area by country+0.07+0.040.92749independent
Retirement age, men and Infant mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Infant mortality by country+0.28+0.040.91549proxy
Retirement age, men and HDICould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HDI by country-0.27+0.040.76649proxy
Retirement age, men and Under-5 mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Under-5 mortality by country+0.22-0.040.94149proxy
Retirement age, men and UndernourishmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Undernourishment by country+0.20-0.040.92048proxy
Retirement age, men and Health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country-0.17-0.030.86749independent
Retirement age, men and Basic water accessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Basic water access by country-0.14+0.030.91049proxy
Retirement age, men and PISA scienceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA science by country-0.21-0.030.95046high
Retirement age, men and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country+0.12+0.030.87049moderate
Retirement age, men and Political stabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political stability by country-0.18+0.030.94649moderate
Retirement age, men and DTP3 immunisationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country-0.16-0.020.93049moderate
Retirement age, men and Youth not in work or studyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Youth not in work or study by country+0.23-0.020.95447high
Retirement age, men and Out of school, primaryAlmost no link either way. Out of school, primary by country+0.06+0.020.95648moderate
Retirement age, men and Fixed broadbandCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Fixed broadband by country-0.25-0.020.89649proxy
Retirement age, men and Inequality-adjusted HDICould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country-0.30-0.020.95648proxy
Retirement age, men and Primary completionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Primary completion by country-0.18+0.020.96047proxy
Retirement age, men and Adolescent fertilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adolescent fertility by country+0.19-0.020.95049proxy
Retirement age, men and Infrastructure scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Infrastructure score by country-0.24+0.020.91549proxy
Retirement age, men and Expected schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Expected schooling by country-0.16-0.020.92649proxy
Retirement age, men and Education scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Education score by country-0.15+0.010.95449proxy
Retirement age, men and Health scoreAlmost no link either way. Health score by country-0.09+0.010.97549moderate
Retirement age, men and Religious attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religious attendance by country+0.16+0.010.92147high
Retirement age, men and PISA readingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA reading by country-0.18+0.010.97746high
Retirement age, men and Marriage rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Marriage rate (UN) by country+0.01+0.010.95243independent
Retirement age, men and Divorce rateAlmost no link either way. Divorce rate by country+0.04-0.010.93843independent
Retirement age, men and Tertiary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Tertiary enrollment by country-0.08+0.010.96649high
Retirement age, men and Hospital bedsAlmost no link either way. Hospital beds by country-0.05-0.010.99149high
Retirement age, men and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country-0.12-0.010.98049moderate
Retirement age, men and Adult obesityAlmost no link either way. Adult obesity by country+0.01-0.000.99149moderate
Retirement age, men and Women ministersAlmost no link either way. Women ministers by country-0.08-0.000.99149independent
Retirement age, men and InflationAlmost no link either way. Inflation by country+0.05-0.000.97949independent
Retirement age, men and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country-0.26——49proxy
Retirement age, men and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country-0.21——49proxy
Retirement age, men and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country-0.13——49proxy

Source

OECD · via Our World in Data

CC BY 4.0 (OECD terms and conditions) · licence terms · updated annual, except the snapshots noted per indicator

OECD databases as named on each indicator: PISA, Social Expenditure Database (SOCX), Income Distribution Database, Development Assistance Committee statistics, Family Database, Government at a Glance, Corporate Tax Statistics, employment and environment statistics