Hours worked
Average annual hours worked per person employed
Link with national income-0.73strongly income-linked
Links that hold up27of 154 pairs tested
Unithours per yearhigher is neither better nor worse
SourceOECDCC BY 4.0 (OECD terms and conditions)
What this measures. Hours actually worked, averaged over everyone with a job, including part-timers. So it is lower where part-time work is common, as well as where full-time weeks are short. From a 2017 release kept as a snapshot, so the series ends in 2016. No "better" direction is set.
How it has moved
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Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
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Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hours worked and Aid givenWhere Hours worked is higher, Aid given tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Aid given by country | -0.71 | -0.56 | 0.029 | 35 | high |
| Hours worked and Public social spendingWhere Hours worked is higher, Public social spending tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Public social spending by country | -0.57 | -0.53 | 0.034 | 36 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Religious attendanceWhere Hours worked is higher, Religious attendance tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religious attendance by country | +0.60 | +0.46 | 0.026 | 37 | high |
| Hours worked and Old-age spendingWhere Hours worked is higher, Old-age spending tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country | -0.33 | -0.45 | 0.035 | 36 | independent |
| Hours worked and Government consumptionWhere Hours worked is higher, Government consumption tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country | -0.38 | -0.42 | 0.032 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Confidence in religious institutionsWhere Hours worked is higher, Confidence in religious institutions tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country | +0.51 | +0.41 | 0.039 | 37 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Skilled birth attendanceWhere Hours worked is higher, Skilled birth attendance tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Skilled birth attendance by country | +0.22 | +0.39 | 0.012 | 31 | high |
| Hours worked and Employment in agricultureWhere Hours worked is higher, Employment in agriculture tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Employment in agriculture by country | +0.61 | +0.39 | 0.045 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Interpersonal trustWhere Hours worked is higher, Interpersonal trust tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Interpersonal trust by country | -0.62 | -0.37 | 0.004 | 37 | high |
| Hours worked and Wellbeing scoreWhere Hours worked is higher, Wellbeing score tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Wellbeing score by country | -0.66 | -0.37 | 0.014 | 37 | high |
| Hours worked and Women's age at first marriageWhere Hours worked is higher, Women's age at first marriage tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Women's age at first marriage by country | -0.52 | -0.35 | 0.019 | 36 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Control of corruptionWhere Hours worked is higher, Control of corruption tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Control of corruption by country | -0.67 | -0.35 | 0.005 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and Active labour market spendingWhere Hours worked is higher, Active labour market spending tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | -0.56 | -0.34 | 0.012 | 36 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Retirement age, menWhere Hours worked is higher, Retirement age, men tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, men by country | +0.32 | +0.34 | 0.017 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Rule of lawWhere Hours worked is higher, Rule of law tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Rule of law by country | -0.65 | -0.33 | 0.023 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and Voice and accountabilityWhere Hours worked is higher, Voice and accountability tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Voice and accountability by country | -0.58 | -0.33 | 0.024 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Corruption Perceptions IndexWhere Hours worked is higher, Corruption Perceptions Index tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | -0.65 | -0.32 | 0.009 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and Women in parliamentWhere Hours worked is higher, Women in parliament tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country | -0.24 | -0.30 | 0.026 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Male labor participationWhere Hours worked is higher, Male labor participation tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Male labor participation by country | +0.17 | +0.30 | 0.028 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Government expenseWhere Hours worked is higher, Government expense tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country | -0.16 | -0.29 | 0.024 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Regulatory qualityWhere Hours worked is higher, Regulatory quality tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Regulatory quality by country | -0.63 | -0.28 | 0.006 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Slum share of urban populationWhere Hours worked is higher, Slum share of urban population tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Slum share of urban population by country | +0.59 | +0.27 | 0.036 | 37 | high |
| Hours worked and Governance scoreWhere Hours worked is higher, Governance score tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country | -0.44 | -0.23 | 0.012 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Women's political empowermentWhere Hours worked is higher, Women's political empowerment tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | -0.38 | -0.23 | 0.040 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Political corruptionWhere Hours worked is higher, Political corruption tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Political corruption by country | +0.53 | +0.18 | 0.015 | 38 | high |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
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| Hours worked and One-person householdsComparing only countries with similar income it is still -0.49, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. One-person households by country | -0.60 | -0.49 | 0.123 | 30 | high |
| Hours worked and GDP growthAlmost no link either way. GDP growth by country | +0.10 | +0.45 | 0.133 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Out-of-pocket health spendingComparing only countries with similar income it is still +0.42, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | +0.57 | +0.42 | 0.120 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Government spending per capitaLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.40) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government spending per capita by country | -0.70 | -0.40 | 0.053 | 36 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Road traffic deathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.37) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Road traffic deaths by country | +0.70 | +0.37 | 0.077 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and RedistributionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.35) could easily be chance. Redistribution by country | -0.56 | -0.35 | 0.139 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Fixed broadbandLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fixed broadband by country | -0.64 | -0.35 | 0.346 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Informal employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Informal employment by country | +0.65 | +0.35 | 0.441 | 32 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Religion very importantLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.34) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religion very important by country | +0.56 | +0.34 | 0.091 | 37 | high |
| Hours worked and Infrastructure scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.34) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infrastructure score by country | -0.68 | -0.34 | 0.402 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Retirement age, womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, women by country | +0.23 | +0.33 | 0.062 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country | -0.41 | -0.33 | 0.151 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | +0.33 | +0.33 | 0.082 | 35 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Vulnerable employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.31) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Vulnerable employment by country | +0.54 | +0.31 | 0.129 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Basic water accessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic water access by country | -0.50 | -0.31 | 0.313 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | -0.38 | -0.31 | 0.220 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and CO2 per capitaAlmost no link either way. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. CO2 per capita by country | +0.05 | +0.31 | 0.118 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Gender wage gapCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender wage gap by country | +0.37 | +0.31 | 0.256 | 36 | independent |
| Hours worked and Military spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Military spending by country | +0.28 | +0.30 | 0.265 | 37 | independent |
| Hours worked and Government effectivenessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.30) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government effectiveness by country | -0.67 | -0.30 | 0.057 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Population 65+Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 65+ by country | -0.43 | -0.30 | 0.069 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and Births outside marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Births outside marriage by country | -0.22 | -0.29 | 0.213 | 36 | independent |
| Hours worked and HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. HDI by country | -0.70 | -0.28 | 0.178 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Inequality-adjusted HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | -0.68 | -0.27 | 0.088 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Compulsory schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | -0.20 | -0.26 | 0.327 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country | +0.45 | +0.26 | 0.056 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Secondary enrollmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Secondary enrollment by country | -0.39 | -0.26 | 0.093 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and Education spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Education spending by country | -0.22 | -0.26 | 0.379 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | +0.41 | +0.25 | 0.056 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | -0.22 | -0.25 | 0.262 | 37 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Health scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.25) could easily be chance. Health score by country | -0.53 | -0.25 | 0.340 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | +0.37 | +0.25 | 0.227 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Corporate tax rateAlmost no link either way. Corporate tax rate by country | -0.06 | -0.24 | 0.266 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Primary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Primary enrollment by country | -0.06 | -0.23 | 0.053 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Median ageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Median age by country | -0.38 | -0.23 | 0.238 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Liberal democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Liberal democracy by country | -0.47 | -0.23 | 0.073 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country | -0.18 | -0.22 | 0.149 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Gender Inequality IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Inequality Index by country | +0.63 | +0.22 | 0.229 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Market-income GiniCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Market-income Gini by country | +0.16 | -0.21 | 0.299 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Civil society participationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.21) could easily be chance. Civil society participation by country | -0.50 | -0.21 | 0.141 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Gini indexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.21) could easily be chance. Gini index by country | +0.52 | +0.21 | 0.221 | 37 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country | -0.46 | -0.21 | 0.050 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Life satisfactionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life satisfaction by country | -0.56 | -0.20 | 0.219 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and ResearchersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Researchers by country | -0.58 | -0.20 | 0.680 | 37 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | +0.50 | +0.19 | 0.286 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Free and fair electionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Free and fair elections by country | -0.38 | -0.19 | 0.101 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country | +0.37 | +0.19 | 0.458 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Basic sanitationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic sanitation by country | -0.43 | -0.19 | 0.365 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country | -0.46 | -0.19 | 0.181 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Children with one parentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Children with one parent by country | -0.20 | -0.18 | 0.337 | 33 | independent |
| Hours worked and Equality scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Equality score by country | -0.53 | -0.18 | 0.218 | 37 | high |
| Hours worked and Conflict deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Conflict deaths by country | +0.37 | +0.18 | 0.285 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Women ministersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country | -0.17 | -0.17 | 0.061 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Gender Development IndexAlmost no link either way. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Development Index by country | +0.09 | +0.17 | 0.563 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country | -0.41 | -0.17 | 0.074 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Christian shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Christian share by country | +0.18 | +0.17 | 0.554 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Protected landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Protected land by country | -0.19 | -0.16 | 0.165 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Population growthAlmost no link either way. Population growth by country | -0.09 | +0.16 | 0.287 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Marriage rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate (UN) by country | +0.16 | +0.16 | 0.177 | 37 | independent |
| Hours worked and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | -0.16 | -0.16 | 0.154 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Divorce rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate by country | +0.29 | +0.15 | 0.221 | 37 | independent |
| Hours worked and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country | -0.28 | -0.15 | 0.500 | 36 | independent |
| Hours worked and Agricultural landAlmost no link either way. Agricultural land by country | -0.01 | -0.15 | 0.168 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Trust in governmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trust in government by country | -0.40 | -0.14 | 0.468 | 37 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Primary completionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Primary completion by country | -0.43 | -0.14 | 0.494 | 37 | proxy |
| Hours worked and UrbanizationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Urbanization by country | -0.31 | -0.14 | 0.420 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and Single-parent householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Single-parent households by country | +0.30 | +0.14 | 0.087 | 30 | independent |
| Hours worked and UnemploymentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment by country | +0.29 | -0.13 | 0.403 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Life expectancyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life expectancy by country | -0.56 | -0.13 | 0.528 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | -0.31 | -0.12 | 0.561 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Population 0-14Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 0-14 by country | +0.33 | +0.12 | 0.657 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Expected schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Expected schooling by country | -0.31 | -0.12 | 0.281 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Health coverage indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Health coverage index by country | -0.47 | -0.12 | 0.668 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and PISA scienceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA science by country | -0.31 | -0.11 | 0.653 | 37 | high |
| Hours worked and Premature NCD mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Premature NCD mortality by country | +0.48 | +0.11 | 0.704 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | -0.31 | -0.11 | 0.094 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Out of school, primaryCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country | +0.29 | +0.11 | 0.569 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Muslim shareAlmost no link either way. Muslim share by country | -0.01 | -0.11 | 0.055 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Hospital bedsAlmost no link either way. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hospital beds by country | +0.04 | +0.10 | 0.782 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and Pupil-teacher ratioLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.10) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | +0.52 | +0.10 | 0.447 | 36 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | -0.31 | -0.10 | 0.312 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Unemployment benefit spendingAlmost no link either way. Unemployment benefit spending by country | -0.03 | +0.10 | 0.736 | 35 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Homicide rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Homicide rate by country | +0.53 | +0.10 | 0.307 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Food insecurityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Food insecurity by country | +0.40 | -0.09 | 0.360 | 37 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | +0.15 | -0.09 | 0.283 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Marriage rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country | +0.17 | +0.09 | 0.472 | 37 | independent |
| Hours worked and Tertiary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tertiary enrollment by country | -0.01 | +0.08 | 0.669 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and Adolescent fertilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adolescent fertility by country | +0.54 | +0.08 | 0.560 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and PISA readingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA reading by country | -0.22 | +0.08 | 0.602 | 37 | high |
| Hours worked and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country | -0.46 | -0.07 | 0.661 | 37 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Labour scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Labour score by country | -0.40 | +0.07 | 0.509 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and Female labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Female labor participation by country | -0.28 | +0.07 | 0.312 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Divorce rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate (UN) by country | +0.19 | +0.07 | 0.373 | 35 | independent |
| Hours worked and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | -0.28 | +0.07 | 0.727 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Migrant share of populationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Migrant share of population by country | -0.50 | -0.06 | 0.781 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and Fertility rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fertility rate by country | +0.14 | -0.06 | 0.860 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Youth not in work or studyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Youth not in work or study by country | +0.50 | +0.06 | 0.655 | 37 | high |
| Hours worked and DTP3 immunisationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country | -0.29 | +0.06 | 0.562 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Mean years of schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Mean years of schooling by country | -0.32 | -0.06 | 0.555 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Suicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country | +0.10 | +0.05 | 0.889 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Forest areaAlmost no link either way. Forest area by country | +0.00 | -0.05 | 0.786 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Pre-trial detainee shareAlmost no link either way. Pre-trial detainee share by country | -0.03 | +0.05 | 0.702 | 37 | independent |
| Hours worked and PISA mathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA maths by country | -0.34 | -0.05 | 0.846 | 37 | high |
| Hours worked and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country | +0.24 | +0.05 | 0.322 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Internet usersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Internet users by country | -0.56 | -0.05 | 0.884 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tuberculosis incidence by country | +0.44 | +0.05 | 0.615 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and FDI inflowsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. FDI inflows by country | +0.20 | -0.05 | 0.626 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and UndernourishmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Undernourishment by country | +0.37 | -0.04 | 0.735 | 37 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Public order spending by country | +0.29 | -0.04 | 0.837 | 32 | high |
| Hours worked and Extreme poverty rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Extreme poverty rate by country | +0.39 | -0.04 | 0.757 | 37 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Maternal mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Maternal mortality by country | +0.47 | +0.03 | 0.754 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and PhysiciansCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Physicians by country | -0.23 | +0.03 | 0.897 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and InflationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Inflation by country | +0.17 | +0.03 | 0.716 | 38 | independent |
| Hours worked and Birth rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth rate by country | +0.23 | +0.02 | 0.931 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and HIV prevalenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | +0.47 | +0.02 | 0.901 | 27 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Electricity accessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Electricity access by country | -0.39 | +0.02 | 0.853 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and Anaemia in womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Anaemia in women by country | +0.35 | +0.02 | 0.950 | 38 | high |
| Hours worked and Education scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Education score by country | -0.21 | +0.01 | 0.919 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Infant mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infant mortality by country | +0.48 | +0.01 | 0.888 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Birth registrationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth registration by country | -0.48 | -0.01 | 0.884 | 37 | proxy |
| Hours worked and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country | -0.47 | -0.01 | 0.980 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Political stabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political stability by country | -0.36 | -0.01 | 0.985 | 38 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Recycling rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Recycling rate by country | -0.27 | +0.00 | 0.994 | 34 | moderate |
| Hours worked and Under-5 mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Under-5 mortality by country | +0.46 | +0.00 | 0.993 | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | -0.60 | — | — | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | -0.71 | — | — | 38 | proxy |
| Hours worked and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | -0.60 | — | — | 38 | proxy |
Source
OECD · via Our World in Data
CC BY 4.0 (OECD terms and conditions) · licence terms · updated annual, except the snapshots noted per indicator
OECD databases as named on each indicator: PISA, Social Expenditure Database (SOCX), Income Distribution Database, Development Assistance Committee statistics, Family Database, Government at a Glance, Corporate Tax Statistics, employment and environment statistics