Infrastructure score
Infrastructure score
Link with national income+0.90essentially a measure of national income
Links that hold up30of 158 pairs tested
Unittypical gaps (standard deviations)higher is better
SourceDerivedDerived work; each member keeps its own licence
What this measures. The average of 5 measures from 1 publisher. Each measure is first put on a common scale: 0 is the average country in an average year, and 1 is a typical gap between countries (a standard deviation). Each is turned so that higher is better. Measures are averaged within each publisher first, so a publisher with many measures does not count for more. Members: Electricity access, Slum share of urban population, Mobile subscriptions, Fixed broadband, Internet users.
How it has moved
Loading…
Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
Loading…
Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infrastructure score and Education scoreWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Education score tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Education score by country | +0.87 | +0.53 | 0.009 | 190 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Birth rateWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Birth rate tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth rate by country | -0.90 | -0.53 | 0.001 | 197 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Basic water accessWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Basic water access tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic water access by country | +0.84 | +0.52 | 0.012 | 196 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and HDIWhere Infrastructure score is higher, HDI tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. HDI by country | +0.93 | +0.51 | 0.006 | 187 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Under-5 mortalityWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Under-5 mortality tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Under-5 mortality by country | -0.85 | -0.51 | 0.039 | 186 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Infant mortalityWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Infant mortality tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infant mortality by country | -0.86 | -0.51 | 0.027 | 186 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Fertility rateWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Fertility rate tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fertility rate by country | -0.87 | -0.50 | 0.000 | 197 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Basic sanitationWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Basic sanitation tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic sanitation by country | +0.84 | +0.48 | 0.010 | 196 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Population 0-14Where Infrastructure score is higher, Population 0-14 tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 0-14 by country | -0.89 | -0.47 | 0.009 | 197 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Adolescent fertilityWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Adolescent fertility tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adolescent fertility by country | -0.82 | -0.46 | 0.008 | 197 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Health coverage indexWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Health coverage index tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Health coverage index by country | +0.88 | +0.45 | 0.014 | 186 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Primary completionWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Primary completion tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Primary completion by country | +0.81 | +0.44 | 0.037 | 161 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Child stuntingWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Child stunting tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Child stunting by country | -0.81 | -0.42 | 0.027 | 155 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Median ageWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Median age tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Median age by country | +0.86 | +0.41 | 0.006 | 197 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Inequality-adjusted HDIWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Inequality-adjusted HDI tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | +0.92 | +0.39 | 0.014 | 167 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Tertiary enrollmentWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Tertiary enrollment tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tertiary enrollment by country | +0.76 | +0.39 | 0.036 | 177 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Life expectancyWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Life expectancy tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life expectancy by country | +0.86 | +0.38 | 0.000 | 197 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Gender Inequality IndexWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Gender Inequality Index tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Inequality Index by country | -0.88 | -0.38 | 0.038 | 169 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Secondary enrollmentWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Secondary enrollment tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Secondary enrollment by country | +0.78 | +0.38 | 0.008 | 186 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Food insecurityWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Food insecurity tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Food insecurity by country | -0.85 | -0.38 | 0.019 | 155 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Out of school, primaryWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Out of school, primary tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country | -0.57 | -0.37 | 0.032 | 185 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Skilled birth attendanceWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Skilled birth attendance tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Skilled birth attendance by country | +0.73 | +0.37 | 0.036 | 175 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Expected schoolingWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Expected schooling tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Expected schooling by country | +0.81 | +0.36 | 0.030 | 187 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and PhysiciansWhere Infrastructure score is higher, Physicians tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Physicians by country | +0.80 | +0.35 | 0.008 | 186 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Migrant share of populationComparing only countries with similar income, Migrant share of population tends to be lower where Infrastructure score is higher: the opposite of the unadjusted figure, which only showed the income gap between countries. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Migrant share of population by country | +0.41 | -0.33 | 0.014 | 197 | high |
Links that don’t count as findings
These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infrastructure score and Electricity accessNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Electricity access by country | +0.85 | +0.63 | 0.002 | 197 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Internet usersNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Internet users by country | +0.91 | +0.61 | 0.003 | 196 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Fixed broadbandNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Fixed broadband by country | +0.88 | +0.54 | 0.009 | 196 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Slum share of urban populationNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Slum share of urban population by country | -0.77 | -0.35 | 0.067 | 183 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Mobile subscriptionsNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Mobile subscriptions by country | +0.43 | +0.09 | 0.471 | 197 | moderate |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 133 countries reporting all of them, and 70 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 88% | — |
| 2 | 90% | +2% |
| 3 | 92% | +1% |
| 4 | 92% | +0% |
| 5 | 92% | +0% |
| 6 | 92% | +0% |
This measure sits on the pattern all the measures share, which is national income under another name.
How it differs by category
This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.
The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.
| Grouped by | Between groups | After income | q | Groups at each end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last European coloniser | 0.41 | 0.24 | 0.105 | best: Never a European colony 0.912 · worst: France 0.154 typical gaps (standard deviations) |
| Largest religious group | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.930 | best: Christians 0.813 · worst: Muslims 0.573 typical gaps (standard deviations) |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
123 of 123
| Infrastructure score and Extreme poverty rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.46) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Extreme poverty rate by country | -0.81 | -0.46 | 0.089 | 162 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Birth registrationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.44) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth registration by country | +0.75 | +0.44 | 0.081 | 165 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Women's age at first marriageLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.43) could easily be chance. Women's age at first marriage by country | +0.59 | +0.43 | 0.126 | 40 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Religious attendanceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.43) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religious attendance by country | -0.73 | -0.43 | 0.086 | 104 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Equality scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.42) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Equality score by country | +0.72 | +0.42 | 0.068 | 162 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Maternal mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.39) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Maternal mortality by country | -0.76 | -0.39 | 0.074 | 187 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and UndernourishmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.37) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Undernourishment by country | -0.76 | -0.37 | 0.094 | 163 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Public social spendingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.37) could easily be chance. Public social spending by country | +0.57 | +0.37 | 0.097 | 42 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | +0.32 | +0.35 | 0.059 | 164 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Frequent prayerLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Frequent prayer by country | -0.71 | -0.35 | 0.114 | 78 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Hours workedLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.34) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hours worked by country | -0.68 | -0.34 | 0.402 | 38 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Employment in agricultureLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.34) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Employment in agriculture by country | -0.83 | -0.34 | 0.057 | 177 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Religion very importantLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.33) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religion very important by country | -0.68 | -0.33 | 0.071 | 106 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country | +0.35 | +0.33 | 0.261 | 42 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and PISA mathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.33) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA maths by country | +0.73 | +0.33 | 0.100 | 86 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Recycling rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.33) could easily be chance. Recycling rate by country | +0.53 | +0.33 | 0.183 | 35 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Adult literacyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.32) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adult literacy by country | +0.74 | +0.32 | 0.081 | 135 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Married by 18Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.32) could easily be chance. Married by 18 by country | -0.66 | -0.32 | 0.064 | 134 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Pupil-teacher ratioLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.31) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | -0.80 | -0.31 | 0.053 | 179 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Government expenseCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country | +0.38 | +0.31 | 0.068 | 151 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and PISA readingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.30) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA reading by country | +0.72 | +0.30 | 0.262 | 86 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Mean years of schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Mean years of schooling by country | +0.82 | +0.29 | 0.086 | 187 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Trust in governmentAlmost no link either way. Trust in government by country | +0.08 | -0.29 | 0.217 | 47 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Population growthLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. Population growth by country | -0.53 | -0.28 | 0.217 | 197 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and PISA scienceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA science by country | +0.71 | +0.27 | 0.280 | 86 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Aid given by country | +0.48 | +0.27 | 0.409 | 47 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Road traffic deathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.25) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Road traffic deaths by country | -0.67 | -0.25 | 0.246 | 183 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country | +0.25 | +0.25 | 0.143 | 186 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and DTP3 immunisationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.23) could easily be chance. DTP3 immunisation by country | +0.55 | +0.23 | 0.148 | 186 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country | -0.35 | -0.23 | 0.201 | 162 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Confidence in religious institutionsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.23) could easily be chance. Confidence in religious institutions by country | -0.53 | -0.23 | 0.430 | 106 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Free and fair electionsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Free and fair elections by country | +0.60 | +0.22 | 0.181 | 167 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country | -0.18 | +0.20 | 0.088 | 194 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Informal employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Informal employment by country | -0.84 | -0.19 | 0.179 | 140 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Life satisfactionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life satisfaction by country | +0.78 | +0.19 | 0.266 | 159 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | +0.47 | +0.18 | 0.119 | 167 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Women in parliamentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country | +0.29 | +0.18 | 0.253 | 185 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Vulnerable employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Vulnerable employment by country | -0.81 | -0.18 | 0.056 | 177 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Female labor participationAlmost no link either way. Female labor participation by country | -0.02 | -0.18 | 0.343 | 177 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | +0.47 | +0.18 | 0.193 | 183 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country | +0.30 | +0.17 | 0.527 | 39 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Gender wage gapAlmost no link either way. Gender wage gap by country | +0.05 | +0.16 | 0.485 | 38 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Tuberculosis incidenceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.16) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tuberculosis incidence by country | -0.53 | -0.16 | 0.503 | 195 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | -0.47 | -0.16 | 0.349 | 187 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and HIV prevalenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | -0.27 | -0.15 | 0.373 | 148 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Health scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health score by country | +0.34 | +0.15 | 0.067 | 186 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country | +0.49 | +0.15 | 0.386 | 167 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Market-income GiniCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Market-income Gini by country | -0.44 | -0.14 | 0.482 | 45 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country | +0.48 | +0.14 | 0.390 | 167 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Liberal democracyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.13) could easily be chance. Liberal democracy by country | +0.53 | +0.13 | 0.481 | 167 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Corporate tax rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corporate tax rate by country | -0.30 | +0.13 | 0.086 | 85 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | +0.36 | +0.12 | 0.238 | 179 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. CO2 per capita by country | +0.32 | -0.12 | 0.563 | 190 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Governance scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country | +0.50 | +0.12 | 0.465 | 170 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country | -0.47 | -0.12 | 0.399 | 187 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Marriage rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate (UN) by country | -0.11 | +0.12 | 0.626 | 103 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Marriage rateAlmost no link either way. Marriage rate by country | +0.05 | +0.12 | 0.819 | 46 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | +0.33 | +0.11 | 0.248 | 151 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Conflict deathsAlmost no link either way. Conflict deaths by country | -0.08 | +0.11 | 0.376 | 187 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and One-person householdsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.11) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. One-person households by country | +0.66 | +0.11 | 0.502 | 148 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | +0.49 | +0.11 | 0.464 | 182 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | -0.27 | +0.11 | 0.505 | 186 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Primary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Primary enrollment by country | +0.02 | +0.11 | 0.456 | 191 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Voice and accountabilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.11) could easily be chance. Voice and accountability by country | +0.55 | +0.11 | 0.381 | 194 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | -0.40 | -0.10 | 0.420 | 187 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | -0.21 | -0.10 | 0.642 | 197 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country | +0.47 | +0.10 | 0.494 | 167 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Gender Development IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Development Index by country | +0.61 | +0.10 | 0.718 | 180 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Wellbeing scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Wellbeing score by country | +0.67 | +0.10 | 0.466 | 106 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Government effectivenessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government effectiveness by country | +0.78 | +0.09 | 0.471 | 194 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and UrbanizationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Urbanization by country | +0.62 | +0.09 | 0.415 | 197 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Christian shareAlmost no link either way. Christian share by country | -0.02 | -0.09 | 0.306 | 183 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | +0.36 | -0.09 | 0.428 | 179 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country | +0.31 | +0.08 | 0.221 | 42 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Forest areaAlmost no link either way. Forest area by country | -0.01 | -0.08 | 0.297 | 195 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Youth not in work or studyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Youth not in work or study by country | -0.54 | -0.08 | 0.653 | 174 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country | -0.35 | -0.08 | 0.177 | 195 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country | +0.29 | +0.07 | 0.741 | 188 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Public order spending by country | -0.46 | -0.07 | 0.680 | 37 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | +0.39 | +0.06 | 0.537 | 42 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Children with one parentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Children with one parent by country | +0.11 | +0.06 | 0.845 | 38 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country | -0.29 | -0.06 | 0.537 | 171 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | +0.28 | +0.06 | 0.711 | 167 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Government spending per capitaLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government spending per capita by country | +0.68 | +0.06 | 0.859 | 43 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Interpersonal trustLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Interpersonal trust by country | +0.53 | +0.06 | 0.814 | 106 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country | +0.38 | -0.06 | 0.492 | 197 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | -0.35 | +0.06 | 0.759 | 190 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Births outside marriageAlmost no link either way. Births outside marriage by country | -0.02 | +0.06 | 0.902 | 42 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Retirement age, womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, women by country | -0.13 | -0.06 | 0.692 | 49 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Control of corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Control of corruption by country | +0.66 | +0.05 | 0.718 | 194 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Single-parent householdsAlmost no link either way. Single-parent households by country | -0.04 | -0.05 | 0.731 | 148 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Divorce rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate by country | -0.11 | -0.05 | 0.628 | 45 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Protected landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Protected land by country | +0.19 | +0.05 | 0.526 | 195 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Homicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Homicide rate by country | -0.11 | -0.05 | 0.675 | 168 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and RedistributionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Redistribution by country | +0.52 | +0.05 | 0.913 | 45 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Government consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country | +0.13 | +0.05 | 0.720 | 177 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country | +0.20 | +0.04 | 0.763 | 167 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | +0.27 | +0.04 | 0.760 | 167 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Divorce rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Divorce rate (UN) by country | +0.04 | +0.04 | 0.731 | 94 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Rule of lawLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Rule of law by country | +0.66 | +0.04 | 0.748 | 194 | high |
| Infrastructure score and UnemploymentAlmost no link either way. Unemployment by country | -0.06 | +0.04 | 0.818 | 177 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Labour scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Labour score by country | +0.66 | +0.04 | 0.730 | 185 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | +0.23 | +0.04 | 0.786 | 167 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and ResearchersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Researchers by country | +0.64 | +0.04 | 0.857 | 131 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | +0.28 | +0.04 | 0.828 | 148 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country | -0.21 | +0.04 | 0.538 | 191 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and Political corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Political corruption by country | -0.61 | -0.04 | 0.806 | 167 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Premature NCD mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Premature NCD mortality by country | -0.62 | -0.03 | 0.815 | 179 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Male labor participationAlmost no link either way. Male labor participation by country | -0.02 | -0.03 | 0.892 | 177 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Corruption Perceptions IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | +0.65 | +0.03 | 0.819 | 174 | high |
| Infrastructure score and Military spendingAlmost no link either way. Military spending by country | +0.10 | +0.03 | 0.724 | 155 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and InflationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Inflation by country | -0.13 | -0.03 | 0.777 | 188 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Women ministersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country | +0.19 | +0.02 | 0.811 | 185 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Suicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country | +0.19 | +0.02 | 0.897 | 179 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Muslim shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country | -0.21 | +0.02 | 0.874 | 183 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Retirement age, menCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, men by country | -0.24 | +0.02 | 0.915 | 49 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country | +0.30 | +0.01 | 0.962 | 106 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | +0.04 | -0.01 | 0.914 | 193 | independent |
| Infrastructure score and Regulatory qualityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Regulatory quality by country | +0.73 | +0.01 | 0.914 | 194 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and Political stabilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Political stability by country | +0.53 | +0.00 | 0.993 | 194 | moderate |
| Infrastructure score and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | +0.70 | — | — | 197 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | +0.72 | — | — | 195 | proxy |
| Infrastructure score and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | +0.62 | — | — | 197 | proxy |
Source
PlaceStats · via PlaceStats
Derived work; each member keeps its own licence · updated recomputed with the panel
wdi