Life expectancy
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
Link with national income+0.87essentially a measure of national income
Links that hold up17of 158 pairs tested
Unityearshigher is better
SourceWDICC BY 4.0
How it has moved
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Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
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Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy and Infant mortalityWhere Life expectancy is higher, Infant mortality tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infant mortality by country | -0.89 | -0.66 | 0.041 | 188 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Adolescent fertilityWhere Life expectancy is higher, Adolescent fertility tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adolescent fertility by country | -0.81 | -0.47 | 0.021 | 199 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Population 0-14Where Life expectancy is higher, Population 0-14 tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 0-14 by country | -0.87 | -0.47 | 0.048 | 199 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Birth rateWhere Life expectancy is higher, Birth rate tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth rate by country | -0.86 | -0.46 | 0.035 | 199 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Fertility rateWhere Life expectancy is higher, Fertility rate tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fertility rate by country | -0.83 | -0.42 | 0.011 | 199 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Infrastructure scoreWhere Life expectancy is higher, Infrastructure score tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infrastructure score by country | +0.86 | +0.38 | 0.000 | 197 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Food insecurityWhere Life expectancy is higher, Food insecurity tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Food insecurity by country | -0.81 | -0.33 | 0.015 | 155 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Tuberculosis incidenceWhere Life expectancy is higher, Tuberculosis incidence tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tuberculosis incidence by country | -0.58 | -0.30 | 0.023 | 196 | high |
| Life expectancy and Road traffic deathsWhere Life expectancy is higher, Road traffic deaths tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Road traffic deaths by country | -0.68 | -0.30 | 0.009 | 183 | high |
| Life expectancy and Pupil-teacher ratioWhere Life expectancy is higher, Pupil-teacher ratio tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | -0.77 | -0.30 | 0.016 | 180 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and PhysiciansWhere Life expectancy is higher, Physicians tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Physicians by country | +0.76 | +0.28 | 0.014 | 186 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Education scoreWhere Life expectancy is higher, Education score tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Education score by country | +0.78 | +0.27 | 0.002 | 191 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Expected schoolingWhere Life expectancy is higher, Expected schooling tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Expected schooling by country | +0.76 | +0.27 | 0.039 | 187 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Political corruptionWhere Life expectancy is higher, Political corruption tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Political corruption by country | -0.65 | -0.22 | 0.039 | 168 | high |
| Life expectancy and Married by 18Where Life expectancy is higher, Married by 18 tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Married by 18 by country | -0.59 | -0.21 | 0.047 | 136 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Child stuntingWhere Life expectancy is higher, Child stunting tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Child stunting by country | -0.72 | -0.21 | 0.022 | 156 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Secondary enrollmentWhere Life expectancy is higher, Secondary enrollment tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Secondary enrollment by country | +0.71 | +0.19 | 0.037 | 187 | high |
Links that don’t count as findings
These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy and HDINot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. HDI by country | +0.91 | +0.58 | 0.010 | 187 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Inequality-adjusted HDINot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | +0.90 | +0.50 | 0.115 | 167 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Health scoreNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Health score by country | +0.38 | +0.24 | 0.111 | 186 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Gender Development IndexNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Gender Development Index by country | +0.55 | +0.00 | 0.988 | 180 | high |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 133 countries reporting all of them, and 68 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 85% | — |
| 2 | 88% | +2% |
| 3 | 88% | +0% |
| 4 | 88% | +0% |
| 5 | 88% | +0% |
| 6 | 89% | +1% |
This measure sits on the pattern all the measures share, which is national income under another name.
How it differs by category
This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.
The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.
| Grouped by | Between groups | After income | q | Groups at each end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last European coloniser | 0.42 | 0.26 | 0.078 | best: Spain 74.7 · worst: France 66.4 years |
| Largest religious group | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.859 | best: Christians 73.8 · worst: Muslims 71.6 years |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
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| Life expectancy and Under-5 mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.63) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Under-5 mortality by country | -0.87 | -0.63 | 0.069 | 188 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Maternal mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.55) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Maternal mortality by country | -0.81 | -0.55 | 0.108 | 187 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Gender Inequality IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.51) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Inequality Index by country | -0.88 | -0.51 | 0.125 | 169 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Women's age at first marriageComparing only countries with similar income it is still +0.48, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Women's age at first marriage by country | +0.62 | +0.48 | 0.368 | 40 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Public order spendingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.47) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Public order spending by country | -0.64 | -0.47 | 0.053 | 37 | high |
| Life expectancy and Marriage rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country | -0.39 | -0.44 | 0.131 | 46 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Premature NCD mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.44) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Premature NCD mortality by country | -0.74 | -0.44 | 0.157 | 179 | high |
| Life expectancy and Basic sanitationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.43) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic sanitation by country | +0.81 | +0.43 | 0.051 | 197 | high |
| Life expectancy and Health coverage indexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.42) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Health coverage index by country | +0.85 | +0.42 | 0.067 | 186 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Median ageLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.40) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Median age by country | +0.84 | +0.40 | 0.139 | 199 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Tertiary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.34) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tertiary enrollment by country | +0.73 | +0.34 | 0.052 | 178 | high |
| Life expectancy and HIV prevalenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | -0.36 | -0.33 | 0.111 | 148 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Anaemia in womenLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.33) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Anaemia in women by country | -0.69 | -0.33 | 0.120 | 185 | high |
| Life expectancy and Population 65+Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.32) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 65+ by country | +0.74 | +0.32 | 0.267 | 199 | high |
| Life expectancy and Skilled birth attendanceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.31) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Skilled birth attendance by country | +0.70 | +0.31 | 0.095 | 177 | high |
| Life expectancy and Fixed broadbandLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fixed broadband by country | +0.79 | +0.28 | 0.135 | 196 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country | +0.42 | +0.28 | 0.089 | 107 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Adult literacyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adult literacy by country | +0.70 | +0.28 | 0.172 | 135 | high |
| Life expectancy and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country | +0.37 | +0.27 | 0.234 | 39 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Electricity accessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Electricity access by country | +0.73 | +0.27 | 0.091 | 198 | high |
| Life expectancy and Birth registrationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth registration by country | +0.68 | +0.27 | 0.106 | 166 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Basic water accessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic water access by country | +0.75 | +0.27 | 0.088 | 197 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Age at childbearingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.26) could easily be chance. Age at childbearing by country | +0.50 | +0.26 | 0.116 | 199 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Marriage rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate (UN) by country | -0.34 | -0.26 | 0.076 | 104 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Divorce rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate (UN) by country | -0.15 | -0.26 | 0.318 | 95 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Labour scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.26) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Labour score by country | +0.71 | +0.26 | 0.101 | 185 | high |
| Life expectancy and Divorce rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate by country | -0.28 | -0.26 | 0.504 | 45 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Slum share of urban populationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.26) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Slum share of urban population by country | -0.72 | -0.26 | 0.074 | 184 | high |
| Life expectancy and Out of school, primaryLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.25) could easily be chance. Out of school, primary by country | -0.52 | -0.25 | 0.123 | 186 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Public social spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public social spending by country | +0.45 | +0.24 | 0.306 | 42 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Children with one parentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Children with one parent by country | -0.11 | -0.24 | 0.367 | 38 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Religious attendanceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.24) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religious attendance by country | -0.65 | -0.24 | 0.407 | 105 | high |
| Life expectancy and Vulnerable employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.23) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Vulnerable employment by country | -0.80 | -0.23 | 0.060 | 177 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Retirement age, womenAlmost no link either way. Retirement age, women by country | +0.04 | +0.22 | 0.245 | 49 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Free and fair electionsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Free and fair elections by country | +0.59 | +0.22 | 0.177 | 168 | high |
| Life expectancy and Employment in agricultureLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Employment in agriculture by country | -0.78 | -0.22 | 0.092 | 177 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Female labor participationAlmost no link either way. Female labor participation by country | -0.05 | -0.21 | 0.327 | 177 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Equality scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Equality score by country | +0.64 | +0.21 | 0.183 | 163 | high |
| Life expectancy and Retirement age, menCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, men by country | -0.12 | +0.21 | 0.438 | 49 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Internet usersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Internet users by country | +0.79 | +0.21 | 0.218 | 197 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Homicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Homicide rate by country | -0.17 | -0.20 | 0.312 | 170 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Confidence in religious institutionsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.20) could easily be chance. Confidence in religious institutions by country | -0.51 | -0.20 | 0.209 | 107 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Youth not in work or studyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Youth not in work or study by country | -0.56 | -0.19 | 0.251 | 175 | high |
| Life expectancy and Government effectivenessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government effectiveness by country | +0.77 | +0.19 | 0.209 | 195 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and ResearchersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Researchers by country | +0.67 | +0.19 | 0.305 | 131 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Extreme poverty rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Extreme poverty rate by country | -0.71 | -0.19 | 0.168 | 163 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Liberal democracyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.19) could easily be chance. Liberal democracy by country | +0.53 | +0.19 | 0.235 | 168 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Regulatory qualityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Regulatory quality by country | +0.74 | +0.18 | 0.164 | 195 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and PISA scienceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA science by country | +0.68 | +0.18 | 0.559 | 87 | high |
| Life expectancy and Corporate tax rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corporate tax rate by country | -0.25 | +0.18 | 0.220 | 86 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Market-income GiniCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Market-income Gini by country | -0.46 | -0.18 | 0.693 | 45 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Suicide rateAlmost no link either way. Suicide rate by country | +0.08 | -0.18 | 0.450 | 179 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Informal employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Informal employment by country | -0.79 | -0.18 | 0.517 | 140 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Rule of lawLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Rule of law by country | +0.67 | +0.17 | 0.221 | 195 | high |
| Life expectancy and Primary completionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Primary completion by country | +0.71 | +0.17 | 0.090 | 161 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Women ministersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country | +0.26 | +0.16 | 0.245 | 185 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Corruption Perceptions IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.16) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | +0.66 | +0.16 | 0.306 | 175 | high |
| Life expectancy and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | +0.24 | +0.16 | 0.187 | 164 | independent |
| Life expectancy and UndernourishmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.16) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Undernourishment by country | -0.68 | -0.16 | 0.136 | 163 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | +0.46 | +0.16 | 0.276 | 184 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Frequent prayerLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.16) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Frequent prayer by country | -0.61 | -0.16 | 0.462 | 78 | high |
| Life expectancy and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country | -0.32 | -0.16 | 0.535 | 163 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country | +0.48 | +0.15 | 0.410 | 168 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and PISA readingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.15) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA reading by country | +0.67 | +0.15 | 0.664 | 87 | high |
| Life expectancy and PISA mathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.15) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA maths by country | +0.67 | +0.15 | 0.607 | 87 | high |
| Life expectancy and Life satisfactionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.15) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life satisfaction by country | +0.75 | +0.15 | 0.542 | 160 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country | +0.22 | +0.15 | 0.323 | 186 | independent |
| Life expectancy and DTP3 immunisationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.15) could easily be chance. DTP3 immunisation by country | +0.51 | +0.15 | 0.391 | 186 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country | +0.47 | +0.14 | 0.422 | 168 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | -0.23 | -0.14 | 0.365 | 199 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Governance scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country | +0.49 | +0.14 | 0.364 | 171 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and UnemploymentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment by country | -0.14 | -0.14 | 0.502 | 177 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Voice and accountabilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.14) could easily be chance. Voice and accountability by country | +0.54 | +0.14 | 0.405 | 195 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Trust in governmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trust in government by country | +0.13 | -0.13 | 0.713 | 47 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Recycling rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Recycling rate by country | +0.38 | +0.13 | 0.448 | 35 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country | +0.21 | +0.13 | 0.749 | 42 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Control of corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Control of corruption by country | +0.66 | +0.13 | 0.308 | 195 | high |
| Life expectancy and Hours workedLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hours worked by country | -0.56 | -0.13 | 0.528 | 38 | high |
| Life expectancy and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country | -0.16 | +0.12 | 0.085 | 192 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Primary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Primary enrollment by country | +0.04 | +0.11 | 0.446 | 192 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Christian shareAlmost no link either way. Christian share by country | -0.04 | -0.11 | 0.461 | 184 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | +0.36 | +0.11 | 0.524 | 42 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and One-person householdsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.11) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. One-person households by country | +0.55 | -0.11 | 0.606 | 150 | high |
| Life expectancy and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | -0.44 | -0.11 | 0.552 | 188 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Education spendingAlmost no link either way. Education spending by country | +0.08 | +0.11 | 0.165 | 187 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | +0.38 | -0.11 | 0.508 | 182 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Mean years of schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.10) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Mean years of schooling by country | +0.74 | +0.10 | 0.297 | 187 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country | -0.45 | -0.10 | 0.580 | 188 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | +0.19 | -0.10 | 0.605 | 149 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Wellbeing scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.10) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Wellbeing score by country | +0.66 | +0.10 | 0.595 | 107 | high |
| Life expectancy and Population growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population growth by country | -0.44 | -0.10 | 0.603 | 199 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Women in parliamentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country | +0.25 | +0.10 | 0.617 | 185 | independent |
| Life expectancy and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. CO2 per capita by country | +0.30 | -0.09 | 0.609 | 191 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | +0.34 | +0.09 | 0.670 | 180 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Aid given by country | +0.47 | +0.09 | 0.666 | 47 | high |
| Life expectancy and Religion very importantLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religion very important by country | -0.57 | -0.09 | 0.731 | 107 | high |
| Life expectancy and Forest areaAlmost no link either way. Forest area by country | -0.02 | -0.09 | 0.567 | 196 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Government consumptionAlmost no link either way. Government consumption by country | +0.07 | -0.08 | 0.422 | 178 | independent |
| Life expectancy and UrbanizationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Urbanization by country | +0.59 | +0.08 | 0.765 | 199 | high |
| Life expectancy and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country | +0.45 | +0.08 | 0.686 | 168 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Military spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Military spending by country | +0.12 | +0.08 | 0.598 | 156 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Conflict deathsAlmost no link either way. Conflict deaths by country | -0.08 | +0.08 | 0.367 | 188 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Migrant share of populationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Migrant share of population by country | +0.52 | +0.07 | 0.570 | 198 | high |
| Life expectancy and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | -0.32 | +0.07 | 0.554 | 192 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | -0.37 | -0.07 | 0.626 | 188 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country | +0.15 | -0.07 | 0.826 | 42 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Government expenseCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country | +0.22 | -0.07 | 0.779 | 151 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country | -0.28 | -0.07 | 0.789 | 172 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | +0.24 | +0.07 | 0.612 | 168 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | +0.27 | +0.07 | 0.668 | 168 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Gender wage gapAlmost no link either way. Gender wage gap by country | -0.01 | +0.06 | 0.867 | 38 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | +0.27 | +0.06 | 0.737 | 168 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Compulsory schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | +0.37 | +0.05 | 0.718 | 185 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country | +0.22 | -0.05 | 0.802 | 188 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Interpersonal trustLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Interpersonal trust by country | +0.51 | +0.05 | 0.624 | 107 | high |
| Life expectancy and Single-parent householdsAlmost no link either way. Single-parent households by country | -0.04 | -0.05 | 0.786 | 150 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country | +0.19 | +0.04 | 0.740 | 168 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | +0.35 | -0.04 | 0.625 | 198 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Muslim shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country | -0.18 | +0.04 | 0.837 | 184 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | -0.31 | -0.04 | 0.796 | 186 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Protected landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Protected land by country | +0.15 | -0.03 | 0.762 | 196 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | +0.29 | +0.03 | 0.801 | 151 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Political stabilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Political stability by country | +0.51 | +0.03 | 0.907 | 195 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and InflationAlmost no link either way. Inflation by country | -0.10 | +0.03 | 0.654 | 189 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Births outside marriageAlmost no link either way. Births outside marriage by country | -0.04 | +0.02 | 0.962 | 42 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country | -0.26 | -0.02 | 0.818 | 195 | independent |
| Life expectancy and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | +0.05 | +0.02 | 0.813 | 195 | independent |
| Life expectancy and RedistributionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Redistribution by country | +0.47 | -0.02 | 0.950 | 45 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Hospital bedsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hospital beds by country | +0.44 | -0.02 | 0.943 | 171 | high |
| Life expectancy and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | +0.39 | +0.01 | 0.942 | 168 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | +0.37 | -0.01 | 0.882 | 180 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country | -0.30 | -0.01 | 0.962 | 196 | moderate |
| Life expectancy and Male labor participationAlmost no link either way. Male labor participation by country | -0.01 | -0.01 | 0.893 | 177 | independent |
| Life expectancy and Government spending per capitaLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government spending per capita by country | +0.60 | +0.00 | 0.991 | 43 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | +0.74 | — | — | 199 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | +0.77 | — | — | 197 | proxy |
| Life expectancy and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | +0.67 | — | — | 199 | proxy |