Market-income Gini
Gini coefficient of market income
Link with national income-0.36partly income-linked
Links that hold up3of 156 pairs tested
Unitindex, 0 to 1higher is worse
SourceOECDCC BY 4.0 (OECD terms and conditions)
What this measures. Inequality of household income before taxes and government payments, for the whole population. It is not the Gini already on the site, which is of income after taxes and payments. The gap between the two shows what the government does. The number of countries jumps from 24 to 34 in 2011, when the OECD changed its definition of income, so the series is used from 2011 on.
How it has moved
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Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
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Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Market-income Gini and Youth not in work or studyWhere Market-income Gini is higher, Youth not in work or study tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Youth not in work or study by country | +0.67 | +0.56 | 0.033 | 43 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Male labor participationWhere Market-income Gini is higher, Male labor participation tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Male labor participation by country | -0.31 | -0.43 | 0.010 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Inequality-adjusted HDIWhere Market-income Gini is higher, Inequality-adjusted HDI tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | -0.59 | -0.43 | 0.046 | 45 | proxy |
Links that don’t count as findings
These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Market-income Gini and RedistributionNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Redistribution by country | -0.28 | +0.04 | 0.873 | 45 | moderate |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 43 countries reporting all of them, and 71 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 23% | — |
| 2 | 31% | +9% |
| 3 | 35% | +3% |
| 4 | 36% | +1% |
| 5 | 38% | +2% |
| 6 | 38% | +0% |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
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| Market-income Gini and HIV prevalenceComparing only countries with similar income it is still +0.68, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. HIV prevalence by country | +0.75 | +0.68 | 0.386 | 33 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and UnemploymentComparing only countries with similar income it is still +0.65, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Unemployment by country | +0.70 | +0.65 | 0.261 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Labour scoreComparing only countries with similar income it is still -0.62, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Labour score by country | -0.72 | -0.62 | 0.131 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Electricity accessComparing only countries with similar income it is still -0.57, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Electricity access by country | -0.66 | -0.57 | 0.438 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Extreme poverty rateComparing only countries with similar income it is still +0.57, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Extreme poverty rate by country | +0.68 | +0.57 | 0.405 | 44 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Equality scoreComparing only countries with similar income it is still -0.56, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Equality score by country | -0.66 | -0.56 | 0.075 | 44 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Tuberculosis incidenceComparing only countries with similar income it is still +0.51, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Tuberculosis incidence by country | +0.65 | +0.51 | 0.431 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Gini indexComparing only countries with similar income it is still +0.50, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Gini index by country | +0.61 | +0.50 | 0.066 | 44 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Maternal mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.45) could easily be chance. Maternal mortality by country | +0.62 | +0.45 | 0.328 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Under-5 mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.42) could easily be chance. Under-5 mortality by country | +0.60 | +0.42 | 0.391 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Out-of-pocket health spendingAlmost no link either way. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | -0.03 | -0.41 | 0.438 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Birth registrationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.39) could easily be chance. Birth registration by country | -0.57 | -0.39 | 0.362 | 43 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Homicide rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.38) could easily be chance. Homicide rate by country | +0.55 | +0.38 | 0.508 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country | +0.37 | +0.38 | 0.071 | 40 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country | +0.41 | +0.37 | 0.052 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Public social spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public social spending by country | +0.25 | +0.33 | 0.077 | 40 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Road traffic deathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.32) could easily be chance. Road traffic deaths by country | +0.55 | +0.32 | 0.283 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Conflict deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Conflict deaths by country | -0.13 | -0.32 | 0.434 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Infant mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.31) could easily be chance. Infant mortality by country | +0.54 | +0.31 | 0.418 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Basic water accessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Basic water access by country | -0.44 | -0.30 | 0.466 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Health spendingAlmost no link either way. Health spending by country | +0.03 | +0.29 | 0.154 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Basic sanitationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Basic sanitation by country | -0.47 | -0.28 | 0.429 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Retirement age, menCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, men by country | -0.14 | -0.28 | 0.265 | 44 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Slum share of urban populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Slum share of urban population by country | +0.48 | +0.28 | 0.386 | 44 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | -0.18 | -0.27 | 0.604 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and UndernourishmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Undernourishment by country | +0.48 | +0.26 | 0.517 | 44 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Civil society participationAlmost no link either way. Civil society participation by country | -0.04 | +0.24 | 0.258 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Tax revenueAlmost no link either way. Tax revenue by country | +0.03 | +0.22 | 0.281 | 44 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and One-person householdsAlmost no link either way. One-person households by country | -0.08 | +0.22 | 0.346 | 36 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Military spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Military spending by country | -0.17 | -0.21 | 0.276 | 43 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Hours workedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Hours worked by country | +0.16 | -0.21 | 0.299 | 38 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Recycling rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Recycling rate by country | -0.25 | -0.21 | 0.614 | 35 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Secondary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Secondary enrollment by country | -0.03 | +0.21 | 0.145 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Child stuntingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Child stunting by country | +0.47 | +0.20 | 0.569 | 27 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Internet usersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Internet users by country | -0.49 | -0.20 | 0.330 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Marriage rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate (UN) by country | -0.19 | -0.20 | 0.504 | 41 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and PISA mathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA maths by country | -0.29 | -0.20 | 0.135 | 42 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Life satisfactionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Life satisfaction by country | -0.44 | -0.20 | 0.182 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Liberal democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Liberal democracy by country | -0.10 | +0.19 | 0.395 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Vulnerable employmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Vulnerable employment by country | +0.21 | -0.19 | 0.723 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Informal employmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Informal employment by country | +0.25 | -0.19 | 0.713 | 38 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Government expenseAlmost no link either way. Government expense by country | +0.10 | +0.19 | 0.124 | 44 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Life expectancyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Life expectancy by country | -0.46 | -0.18 | 0.693 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Pre-trial detainee shareAlmost no link either way. Pre-trial detainee share by country | -0.08 | -0.18 | 0.423 | 43 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country | -0.21 | -0.18 | 0.360 | 40 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country | -0.11 | +0.17 | 0.445 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Corruption Perceptions IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | -0.24 | +0.17 | 0.410 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country | -0.15 | +0.17 | 0.441 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Children with one parentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Children with one parent by country | +0.15 | +0.16 | 0.392 | 36 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Religion very importantCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religion very important by country | +0.38 | +0.16 | 0.524 | 43 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Religious attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religious attendance by country | +0.34 | +0.15 | 0.601 | 43 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Control of corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Control of corruption by country | -0.25 | +0.15 | 0.309 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Regulatory qualityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regulatory quality by country | -0.26 | +0.15 | 0.300 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Retirement age, womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, women by country | -0.17 | -0.15 | 0.524 | 44 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Employment in agricultureCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Employment in agriculture by country | +0.23 | -0.15 | 0.740 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Wellbeing scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Wellbeing score by country | -0.41 | -0.15 | 0.376 | 43 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Female labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Female labor participation by country | -0.38 | -0.15 | 0.706 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Political stabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political stability by country | -0.37 | -0.15 | 0.634 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country | -0.27 | +0.14 | 0.576 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Infrastructure scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Infrastructure score by country | -0.44 | -0.14 | 0.482 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Gender wage gapCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender wage gap by country | -0.12 | -0.14 | 0.597 | 37 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Aid givenAlmost no link either way. Aid given by country | -0.02 | +0.14 | 0.525 | 38 | high |
| Market-income Gini and PhysiciansCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Physicians by country | -0.35 | -0.14 | 0.459 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and HDICould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HDI by country | -0.48 | -0.14 | 0.291 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country | -0.31 | -0.14 | 0.542 | 43 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Voice and accountabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Voice and accountability by country | -0.19 | +0.13 | 0.514 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Rule of lawCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Rule of law by country | -0.25 | +0.13 | 0.527 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Free and fair electionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Free and fair elections by country | -0.12 | +0.13 | 0.565 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Freedom of associationAlmost no link either way. Freedom of association by country | -0.07 | +0.13 | 0.524 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Women ministersAlmost no link either way. Women ministers by country | -0.01 | +0.13 | 0.544 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Political civil libertiesAlmost no link either way. Political civil liberties by country | -0.10 | +0.13 | 0.559 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Population growthAlmost no link either way. Population growth by country | +0.01 | +0.13 | 0.661 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Muslim shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country | +0.15 | +0.13 | 0.611 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Health scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health score by country | -0.29 | -0.13 | 0.664 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Single-parent householdsAlmost no link either way. Single-parent households by country | -0.04 | -0.12 | 0.728 | 36 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | +0.15 | +0.12 | 0.648 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Anaemia in womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Anaemia in women by country | +0.20 | -0.12 | 0.708 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and DTP3 immunisationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country | -0.24 | -0.12 | 0.782 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Mobile subscriptionsAlmost no link either way. Mobile subscriptions by country | +0.09 | +0.12 | 0.791 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Governance scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country | -0.14 | +0.12 | 0.537 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Mean years of schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mean years of schooling by country | -0.39 | -0.11 | 0.832 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | -0.11 | +0.11 | 0.641 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Women in parliamentAlmost no link either way. Women in parliament by country | -0.02 | +0.11 | 0.715 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Gender Development IndexAlmost no link either way. Gender Development Index by country | -0.08 | +0.11 | 0.806 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Active labour market spendingAlmost no link either way. Active labour market spending by country | +0.01 | +0.11 | 0.374 | 40 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Corporate tax rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corporate tax rate by country | +0.26 | +0.11 | 0.786 | 44 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Birth rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Birth rate by country | +0.27 | +0.10 | 0.777 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and ResearchersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Researchers by country | -0.41 | -0.10 | 0.607 | 44 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Refugees originatingAlmost no link either way. Refugees originating by country | -0.05 | -0.10 | 0.149 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Gender scoreAlmost no link either way. Gender score by country | -0.05 | +0.10 | 0.665 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Frequent prayerCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Frequent prayer by country | +0.34 | +0.10 | 0.748 | 26 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Skilled birth attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Skilled birth attendance by country | -0.10 | +0.10 | 0.722 | 38 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country | -0.19 | +0.09 | 0.667 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country | +0.17 | -0.09 | 0.744 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Fixed broadbandCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Fixed broadband by country | -0.38 | -0.09 | 0.684 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Health coverage indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health coverage index by country | -0.35 | -0.09 | 0.210 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Forest areaAlmost no link either way. Forest area by country | -0.04 | -0.09 | 0.654 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Expected schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Expected schooling by country | -0.15 | +0.09 | 0.691 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Hospital bedsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Hospital beds by country | -0.13 | -0.08 | 0.502 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Pupil-teacher ratioCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | +0.39 | +0.08 | 0.817 | 43 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Women's age at first marriageAlmost no link either way. Women's age at first marriage by country | +0.02 | +0.08 | 0.341 | 39 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Out of school, primaryCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country | +0.16 | +0.08 | 0.802 | 44 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country | -0.15 | -0.08 | 0.823 | 39 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Compulsory schoolingAlmost no link either way. Compulsory schooling by country | +0.03 | +0.08 | 0.851 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | +0.14 | +0.08 | 0.387 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Migrant share of population by country | -0.28 | +0.08 | 0.647 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | +0.09 | -0.07 | 0.456 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | +0.11 | -0.07 | 0.735 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Trust in governmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trust in government by country | -0.14 | +0.07 | 0.831 | 42 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Fertility rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Fertility rate by country | +0.20 | +0.07 | 0.799 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Confidence in religious institutionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country | +0.25 | +0.07 | 0.831 | 43 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and UrbanizationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Urbanization by country | -0.15 | +0.07 | 0.663 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Population 0-14Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population 0-14 by country | +0.27 | +0.06 | 0.836 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Gender Inequality IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender Inequality Index by country | +0.42 | +0.06 | 0.795 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public order spending by country | +0.11 | -0.06 | 0.725 | 36 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Adolescent fertilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adolescent fertility by country | +0.34 | +0.06 | 0.889 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Political corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political corruption by country | +0.29 | -0.06 | 0.494 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Divorce rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate by country | +0.11 | +0.06 | 0.871 | 42 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | -0.23 | -0.05 | 0.812 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Marriage rateAlmost no link either way. Marriage rate by country | +0.02 | -0.05 | 0.928 | 42 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Environment scoreAlmost no link either way. Environment score by country | -0.04 | -0.05 | 0.842 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | -0.27 | -0.05 | 0.780 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Government consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country | -0.19 | -0.05 | 0.873 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Government spending per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government spending per capita by country | -0.18 | +0.05 | 0.597 | 41 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Primary completionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Primary completion by country | -0.31 | -0.05 | 0.285 | 44 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Protected landAlmost no link either way. Protected land by country | -0.10 | -0.04 | 0.823 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | -0.14 | -0.04 | 0.817 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Divorce rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Divorce rate (UN) by country | -0.00 | -0.04 | 0.890 | 39 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Interpersonal trustCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Interpersonal trust by country | -0.22 | +0.03 | 0.903 | 43 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Births outside marriageAlmost no link either way. Births outside marriage by country | -0.02 | -0.03 | 0.878 | 40 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and InflationAlmost no link either way. Inflation by country | +0.09 | +0.03 | 0.796 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and PISA scienceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA science by country | -0.15 | -0.03 | 0.790 | 42 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Christian shareAlmost no link either way. Christian share by country | -0.02 | +0.03 | 0.925 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Tertiary enrollmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tertiary enrollment by country | -0.14 | -0.03 | 0.949 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Women in managementAlmost no link either way. Women in management by country | -0.01 | +0.02 | 0.931 | 41 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Adult obesityAlmost no link either way. Adult obesity by country | +0.09 | +0.02 | 0.931 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Premature NCD mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Premature NCD mortality by country | +0.27 | -0.02 | 0.934 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | +0.31 | +0.02 | 0.906 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | -0.20 | +0.02 | 0.907 | 45 | moderate |
| Market-income Gini and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. CO2 per capita by country | -0.18 | -0.02 | 0.949 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Education spendingAlmost no link either way. Education spending by country | -0.05 | +0.01 | 0.978 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and Food insecurityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Food insecurity by country | +0.29 | -0.01 | 0.966 | 42 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Government effectivenessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government effectiveness by country | -0.36 | -0.01 | 0.971 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Median ageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Median age by country | -0.22 | +0.00 | 0.987 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Education scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Education score by country | -0.24 | +0.00 | 0.970 | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and Suicide rateAlmost no link either way. Suicide rate by country | -0.01 | +0.00 | 0.992 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and PISA readingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA reading by country | -0.13 | +0.00 | 0.999 | 42 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Population 65+Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population 65+ by country | -0.24 | +0.00 | 1.000 | 45 | high |
| Market-income Gini and Primary enrollmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Primary enrollment by country | +0.11 | +0.00 | 1.000 | 45 | independent |
| Market-income Gini and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | -0.35 | — | — | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | -0.42 | — | — | 45 | proxy |
| Market-income Gini and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | -0.31 | — | — | 45 | proxy |
Source
OECD · via Our World in Data
CC BY 4.0 (OECD terms and conditions) · licence terms · updated annual, except the snapshots noted per indicator
OECD databases as named on each indicator: PISA, Social Expenditure Database (SOCX), Income Distribution Database, Development Assistance Committee statistics, Family Database, Government at a Glance, Corporate Tax Statistics, employment and environment statistics