Anaemia in women
Prevalence of anaemia among women of reproductive age (% of women ages 15-49)
Link with national income-0.67strongly income-linked
Links that hold up22of 158 pairs tested
Unit% of women aged 15-49higher is worse
SourceWDICC BY 4.0
How it has moved
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Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
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Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anaemia in women and Adult literacyWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Adult literacy tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adult literacy by country | -0.71 | -0.53 | 0.012 | 130 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Education scoreWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Education score tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Education score by country | -0.72 | -0.43 | 0.040 | 183 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Under-5 mortalityWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Under-5 mortality tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Under-5 mortality by country | +0.70 | +0.40 | 0.034 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Muslim shareWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Muslim share tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country | +0.43 | +0.39 | 0.045 | 176 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Infant mortalityWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Infant mortality tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infant mortality by country | +0.70 | +0.38 | 0.034 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Political rights (FH)Where Anaemia in women is higher, Political rights (FH) tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | +0.55 | +0.37 | 0.006 | 184 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Health spendingWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Health spending tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country | -0.38 | -0.36 | 0.035 | 185 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Christian shareWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Christian share tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Christian share by country | -0.28 | -0.35 | 0.031 | 176 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Women in managementWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Women in management tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | -0.44 | -0.34 | 0.046 | 147 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Civil liberties (FH)Where Anaemia in women is higher, Civil liberties (FH) tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country | +0.53 | +0.33 | 0.021 | 184 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Free and fair electionsWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Free and fair elections tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Free and fair elections by country | -0.59 | -0.33 | 0.021 | 165 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Participatory democracyWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Participatory democracy tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country | -0.54 | -0.32 | 0.024 | 165 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Liberal democracyWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Liberal democracy tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Liberal democracy by country | -0.56 | -0.32 | 0.014 | 165 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Electoral democracyWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Electoral democracy tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country | -0.53 | -0.32 | 0.030 | 165 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Regime typeWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Regime type tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country | -0.52 | -0.30 | 0.031 | 165 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Infrastructure scoreWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Infrastructure score tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infrastructure score by country | -0.69 | -0.29 | 0.043 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Tax revenueWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Tax revenue tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | -0.39 | -0.26 | 0.036 | 149 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Skilled birth attendanceWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Skilled birth attendance tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Skilled birth attendance by country | -0.58 | -0.25 | 0.049 | 173 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Vulnerable employmentWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Vulnerable employment tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Vulnerable employment by country | +0.66 | +0.23 | 0.045 | 172 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Education spendingWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Education spending tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Education spending by country | -0.20 | -0.22 | 0.035 | 177 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Government consumptionWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Government consumption tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country | -0.23 | -0.20 | 0.049 | 166 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Political corruptionWhere Anaemia in women is higher, Political corruption tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Political corruption by country | +0.55 | +0.20 | 0.026 | 165 | high |
Links that don’t count as findings
These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anaemia in women and Health scoreNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Health score by country | -0.18 | +0.03 | 0.911 | 185 | moderate |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 133 countries reporting all of them, and 70 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 53% | — |
| 2 | 56% | +3% |
| 3 | 59% | +3% |
| 4 | 60% | +0% |
| 5 | 60% | +0% |
| 6 | 60% | +0% |
This measure sits on the pattern all the measures share, which is national income under another name.
How it differs by category
This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.
The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.
| Grouped by | Between groups | After income | q | Groups at each end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last European coloniser | 0.57 | 0.44 | 0.006 | worst: France 41% · best: Spain 21% % of women aged 15-49 |
| Largest religious group | 0.44 | 0.43 | 0.003 | worst: Muslims 35.4% · best: Christians 25.1% % of women aged 15-49 |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
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| Anaemia in women and Health coverage indexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.49) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Health coverage index by country | -0.75 | -0.49 | 0.050 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.47) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. HDI by country | -0.73 | -0.47 | 0.055 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Inequality-adjusted HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.41) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | -0.75 | -0.41 | 0.189 | 165 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Fertility rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.40) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fertility rate by country | +0.71 | +0.40 | 0.080 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Birth rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.38) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth rate by country | +0.71 | +0.38 | 0.106 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Voice and accountabilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.37) could easily be chance. Voice and accountability by country | -0.60 | -0.37 | 0.196 | 185 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Gender Inequality IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Inequality Index by country | +0.71 | +0.35 | 0.224 | 168 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Expected schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.34) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Expected schooling by country | -0.67 | -0.34 | 0.129 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Population 0-14Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.34) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 0-14 by country | +0.70 | +0.34 | 0.191 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Life expectancyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.33) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life expectancy by country | -0.69 | -0.33 | 0.120 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Maternal mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.33) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Maternal mortality by country | +0.64 | +0.33 | 0.061 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Mean years of schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.32) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Mean years of schooling by country | -0.68 | -0.32 | 0.193 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Slum share of urban populationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.32) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Slum share of urban population by country | +0.65 | +0.32 | 0.129 | 177 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Women's age at first marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's age at first marriage by country | -0.44 | -0.32 | 0.513 | 40 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Fixed broadbandLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.32) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fixed broadband by country | -0.67 | -0.32 | 0.073 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Children with one parentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Children with one parent by country | -0.32 | -0.30 | 0.215 | 38 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and PISA readingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.30) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA reading by country | -0.53 | -0.30 | 0.241 | 84 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Population 65+Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.30) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 65+ by country | -0.63 | -0.30 | 0.146 | 185 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Gender Development IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.30) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Development Index by country | -0.59 | -0.30 | 0.144 | 178 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Life satisfactionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.30) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life satisfaction by country | -0.67 | -0.30 | 0.398 | 156 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Rule of lawLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Rule of law by country | -0.61 | -0.29 | 0.231 | 185 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Median ageLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Median age by country | -0.67 | -0.29 | 0.255 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Governance scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.29) could easily be chance. Governance score by country | -0.52 | -0.29 | 0.267 | 168 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Basic sanitationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic sanitation by country | -0.65 | -0.28 | 0.152 | 185 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | -0.43 | -0.28 | 0.276 | 178 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Adolescent fertilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adolescent fertility by country | +0.63 | +0.28 | 0.290 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Religion very importantLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religion very important by country | +0.57 | +0.28 | 0.205 | 102 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Primary completionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Primary completion by country | -0.64 | -0.27 | 0.145 | 160 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Tertiary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tertiary enrollment by country | -0.63 | -0.27 | 0.131 | 169 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Births outside marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Births outside marriage by country | -0.22 | -0.27 | 0.379 | 42 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Out of school, primaryCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country | +0.49 | +0.27 | 0.256 | 176 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Secondary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Secondary enrollment by country | -0.63 | -0.27 | 0.051 | 177 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Compulsory schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | -0.42 | -0.26 | 0.225 | 175 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | +0.43 | +0.26 | 0.126 | 179 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Women ministersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country | -0.33 | -0.25 | 0.097 | 184 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | -0.47 | -0.25 | 0.155 | 165 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Retirement age, womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, women by country | -0.11 | -0.25 | 0.191 | 49 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Divorce rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate (UN) by country | +0.20 | +0.25 | 0.133 | 85 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Control of corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.25) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Control of corruption by country | -0.60 | -0.25 | 0.192 | 185 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Informal employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.25) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Informal employment by country | +0.69 | +0.25 | 0.361 | 139 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Population growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population growth by country | +0.46 | +0.25 | 0.264 | 185 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Marriage rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country | +0.25 | +0.24 | 0.472 | 46 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Political stabilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.24) could easily be chance. Political stability by country | -0.52 | -0.24 | 0.271 | 185 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Government expenseCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country | -0.36 | -0.24 | 0.128 | 149 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | -0.36 | -0.24 | 0.171 | 165 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and PhysiciansLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.23) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Physicians by country | -0.62 | -0.23 | 0.265 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and RedistributionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Redistribution by country | -0.25 | +0.23 | 0.586 | 45 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Electricity accessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.23) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Electricity access by country | -0.60 | -0.23 | 0.253 | 185 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | -0.44 | -0.23 | 0.052 | 176 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Confidence in religious institutionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country | +0.47 | +0.23 | 0.341 | 102 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country | -0.35 | -0.23 | 0.367 | 184 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | +0.38 | +0.22 | 0.300 | 185 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Retirement age, menAlmost no link either way. Retirement age, men by country | +0.05 | -0.22 | 0.296 | 49 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Regulatory qualityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Regulatory quality by country | -0.62 | -0.22 | 0.077 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Government effectivenessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government effectiveness by country | -0.63 | -0.22 | 0.112 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Women in parliamentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country | -0.32 | -0.21 | 0.168 | 184 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Public order spending by country | +0.42 | +0.20 | 0.228 | 37 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Married by 18Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Married by 18 by country | +0.48 | +0.20 | 0.392 | 133 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | -0.33 | -0.20 | 0.318 | 165 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Employment in agricultureLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Employment in agriculture by country | +0.63 | +0.20 | 0.103 | 172 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Corporate tax rateAlmost no link either way. Corporate tax rate by country | +0.10 | -0.20 | 0.433 | 80 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Marriage rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate (UN) by country | +0.33 | +0.20 | 0.364 | 92 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Pupil-teacher ratioLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | +0.60 | +0.20 | 0.172 | 171 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country | -0.28 | -0.19 | 0.194 | 165 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and PISA scienceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA science by country | -0.47 | -0.19 | 0.335 | 84 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | -0.30 | -0.19 | 0.364 | 165 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Homicide rateAlmost no link either way. Homicide rate by country | -0.08 | -0.18 | 0.086 | 159 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Corruption Perceptions IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | -0.57 | -0.18 | 0.115 | 171 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Frequent prayerCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Frequent prayer by country | +0.47 | +0.17 | 0.561 | 74 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Family benefits spendingAlmost no link either way. Family benefits spending by country | +0.02 | +0.16 | 0.505 | 42 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country | +0.31 | +0.16 | 0.625 | 162 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Wellbeing scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.16) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Wellbeing score by country | -0.56 | -0.16 | 0.480 | 102 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Basic water accessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.16) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic water access by country | -0.58 | -0.16 | 0.434 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Single-parent householdsAlmost no link either way. Single-parent households by country | -0.07 | -0.15 | 0.433 | 142 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and ResearchersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.15) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Researchers by country | -0.55 | -0.15 | 0.531 | 128 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Migrant share of population by country | -0.29 | +0.14 | 0.577 | 185 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | -0.23 | -0.14 | 0.511 | 164 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and DTP3 immunisationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country | -0.43 | -0.14 | 0.382 | 185 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | +0.22 | +0.14 | 0.376 | 185 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Road traffic deathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Road traffic deaths by country | +0.50 | +0.13 | 0.384 | 182 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Trust in governmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trust in government by country | -0.25 | -0.13 | 0.525 | 47 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Conflict deathsAlmost no link either way. Conflict deaths by country | +0.00 | -0.12 | 0.110 | 185 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Gini indexAlmost no link either way. Gini index by country | +0.10 | -0.12 | 0.585 | 161 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Market-income GiniCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Market-income Gini by country | +0.20 | -0.12 | 0.708 | 45 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and One-person householdsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.11) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. One-person households by country | -0.52 | -0.11 | 0.446 | 142 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Government spending per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government spending per capita by country | -0.42 | -0.11 | 0.686 | 43 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Labour scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.11) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Labour score by country | -0.53 | -0.11 | 0.402 | 180 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Female labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Female labor participation by country | -0.12 | -0.11 | 0.089 | 172 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and PISA mathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA maths by country | -0.42 | -0.10 | 0.667 | 84 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | -0.21 | +0.10 | 0.172 | 185 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Public social spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public social spending by country | -0.25 | -0.10 | 0.819 | 42 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. CO2 per capita by country | -0.21 | +0.10 | 0.576 | 180 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Birth registrationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.10) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth registration by country | -0.51 | -0.10 | 0.447 | 164 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Child stuntingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Child stunting by country | +0.51 | +0.10 | 0.495 | 155 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Youth not in work or studyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Youth not in work or study by country | +0.42 | +0.10 | 0.280 | 167 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Interpersonal trustCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Interpersonal trust by country | -0.42 | -0.10 | 0.599 | 102 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country | +0.18 | -0.09 | 0.509 | 184 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | -0.38 | -0.09 | 0.563 | 181 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country | -0.20 | -0.09 | 0.783 | 39 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Suicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country | -0.20 | -0.09 | 0.723 | 177 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Food insecurityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Food insecurity by country | +0.63 | +0.09 | 0.558 | 155 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and UndernourishmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Undernourishment by country | +0.54 | +0.08 | 0.554 | 160 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Internet usersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Internet users by country | -0.60 | -0.07 | 0.498 | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Primary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Primary enrollment by country | -0.04 | -0.07 | 0.731 | 182 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Forest areaAlmost no link either way. Forest area by country | -0.08 | -0.07 | 0.741 | 185 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Gender wage gapAlmost no link either way. Gender wage gap by country | -0.03 | -0.06 | 0.605 | 38 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Premature NCD mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Premature NCD mortality by country | +0.47 | +0.06 | 0.856 | 177 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country | +0.13 | -0.06 | 0.698 | 185 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and UnemploymentAlmost no link either way. Unemployment by country | +0.09 | +0.05 | 0.775 | 172 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Equality scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Equality score by country | -0.40 | +0.05 | 0.771 | 161 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Extreme poverty rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Extreme poverty rate by country | +0.52 | +0.05 | 0.849 | 161 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | -0.24 | +0.05 | 0.483 | 168 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and InflationAlmost no link either way. Inflation by country | +0.04 | -0.05 | 0.788 | 181 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Hospital bedsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hospital beds by country | -0.36 | -0.04 | 0.860 | 170 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Aid given by country | -0.32 | +0.04 | 0.686 | 47 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country | -0.25 | -0.04 | 0.801 | 102 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Protected landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Protected land by country | -0.17 | -0.04 | 0.787 | 184 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Old-age spendingAlmost no link either way. Old-age spending by country | -0.03 | +0.04 | 0.943 | 42 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country | +0.14 | -0.03 | 0.760 | 183 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and HIV prevalenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | +0.13 | -0.03 | 0.795 | 148 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | +0.28 | +0.03 | 0.827 | 185 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Divorce rateAlmost no link either way. Divorce rate by country | +0.05 | +0.02 | 0.903 | 45 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | -0.00 | +0.02 | 0.822 | 185 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country | -0.30 | -0.02 | 0.952 | 185 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Hours workedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hours worked by country | +0.35 | +0.02 | 0.950 | 38 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Religious attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religious attendance by country | +0.42 | -0.02 | 0.952 | 100 | high |
| Anaemia in women and UrbanizationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Urbanization by country | -0.41 | +0.01 | 0.960 | 185 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Military spendingAlmost no link either way. Military spending by country | -0.07 | -0.01 | 0.949 | 154 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Recycling rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Recycling rate by country | -0.14 | +0.01 | 0.976 | 35 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tuberculosis incidence by country | +0.34 | +0.01 | 0.980 | 185 | high |
| Anaemia in women and Male labor participationAlmost no link either way. Male labor participation by country | -0.01 | +0.01 | 0.981 | 172 | independent |
| Anaemia in women and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | -0.17 | -0.01 | 0.987 | 42 | moderate |
| Anaemia in women and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | -0.54 | — | — | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | -0.57 | — | — | 185 | proxy |
| Anaemia in women and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | -0.54 | — | — | 185 | proxy |
Source
World Health Organization
CC BY 4.0 · licence terms · updated quarterly
World Bank, World Development Indicators