Wellbeing score
Wellbeing score
Link with national income+0.80strongly income-linked
Links that hold up12of 158 pairs tested
Unittypical gaps (standard deviations)higher is better
SourceDerivedDerived work; each member keeps its own licence
What this measures. The average of 3 measures from 2 publishers. Each measure is first put on a common scale: 0 is the average country in an average year, and 1 is a typical gap between countries (a standard deviation). Each is turned so that higher is better. Measures are averaged within each publisher first, so a publisher with many measures does not count for more. Members: Self-reported happiness, Interpersonal trust, Life satisfaction.
How it has moved
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Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
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Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wellbeing score and Frequent prayerWhere Wellbeing score is higher, Frequent prayer tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Frequent prayer by country | -0.70 | -0.43 | 0.035 | 78 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Hours workedWhere Wellbeing score is higher, Hours worked tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hours worked by country | -0.66 | -0.37 | 0.014 | 37 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Trust in governmentWhere Wellbeing score is higher, Trust in government tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Trust in government by country | +0.45 | +0.36 | 0.043 | 45 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Religion very importantWhere Wellbeing score is higher, Religion very important tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religion very important by country | -0.64 | -0.35 | 0.008 | 107 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Religious attendanceWhere Wellbeing score is higher, Religious attendance tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religious attendance by country | -0.65 | -0.33 | 0.000 | 105 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Children with one parentWhere Wellbeing score is higher, Children with one parent tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Children with one parent by country | +0.31 | +0.31 | 0.036 | 38 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Women ministersWhere Wellbeing score is higher, Women ministers tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country | +0.41 | +0.31 | 0.039 | 102 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Government consumptionWhere Wellbeing score is higher, Government consumption tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country | +0.45 | +0.25 | 0.013 | 102 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and HIV prevalenceWhere Wellbeing score is higher, HIV prevalence tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | -0.36 | -0.23 | 0.047 | 81 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Government spending per capitaWhere Wellbeing score is higher, Government spending per capita tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government spending per capita by country | +0.65 | +0.23 | 0.005 | 41 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Trade opennessComparing only countries with similar income, Trade openness tends to be lower where Wellbeing score is higher: the opposite of the unadjusted figure, which only showed the income gap between countries. Trade openness by country | +0.24 | -0.18 | 0.043 | 102 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and UnemploymentWhere Wellbeing score is higher, Unemployment tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment by country | -0.28 | -0.15 | 0.011 | 105 | independent |
Links that don’t count as findings
These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wellbeing score and Interpersonal trustNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Interpersonal trust by country | +0.83 | +0.74 | 0.015 | 107 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Life satisfactionNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Life satisfaction by country | +0.84 | +0.64 | 0.026 | 105 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Self-reported happinessNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Self-reported happiness by country | +0.64 | +0.62 | 0.009 | 107 | moderate |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 88 countries reporting all of them, and 71 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 56% | — |
| 2 | 57% | +1% |
| 3 | 63% | +6% |
| 4 | 63% | +0% |
| 5 | 64% | +1% |
| 6 | 66% | +2% |
How it differs by category
This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.
The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.
| Grouped by | Between groups | After income | q | Groups at each end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last European coloniser | 0.14 | 0.26 | 0.245 | best: Never a European colony 0.0571 · worst: United Kingdom -0.15 typical gaps (standard deviations) |
| Largest religious group | 0.32 | 0.08 | 0.549 | best: Christians 0.253 · worst: Muslims -0.273 typical gaps (standard deviations) |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
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| Wellbeing score and Births outside marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Births outside marriage by country | +0.36 | +0.47 | 0.085 | 40 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Control of corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.44) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Control of corruption by country | +0.75 | +0.44 | 0.124 | 107 | high |
| Wellbeing score and ResearchersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.43) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Researchers by country | +0.74 | +0.43 | 0.217 | 95 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Women's age at first marriageLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.40) could easily be chance. Women's age at first marriage by country | +0.57 | +0.40 | 0.116 | 39 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Corruption Perceptions IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.38) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | +0.72 | +0.38 | 0.163 | 104 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | -0.11 | -0.38 | 0.142 | 100 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Regulatory qualityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Regulatory quality by country | +0.73 | +0.35 | 0.067 | 107 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Women in parliamentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country | +0.38 | +0.35 | 0.214 | 102 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Rule of lawLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Rule of law by country | +0.73 | +0.35 | 0.168 | 107 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Health scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health score by country | +0.42 | +0.35 | 0.131 | 103 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Government effectivenessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government effectiveness by country | +0.74 | +0.35 | 0.206 | 107 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country | +0.45 | +0.34 | 0.217 | 40 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Education spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Education spending by country | +0.39 | +0.34 | 0.296 | 101 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Religiously unaffiliatedLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.34) could easily be chance. Religiously unaffiliated by country | +0.56 | +0.34 | 0.094 | 106 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Aid givenLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.33) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Aid given by country | +0.60 | +0.33 | 0.079 | 44 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | +0.45 | +0.30 | 0.050 | 102 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Health spendingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.30) could easily be chance. Health spending by country | +0.55 | +0.30 | 0.146 | 103 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Political corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Political corruption by country | -0.67 | -0.29 | 0.055 | 103 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Gender Inequality IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Inequality Index by country | -0.73 | -0.27 | 0.058 | 100 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Retirement age, menAlmost no link either way. Retirement age, men by country | -0.04 | +0.27 | 0.190 | 47 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Voice and accountabilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.26) could easily be chance. Voice and accountability by country | +0.64 | +0.26 | 0.089 | 107 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Public order spendingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.24) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Public order spending by country | -0.55 | -0.24 | 0.415 | 35 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Premature NCD mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.23) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Premature NCD mortality by country | -0.58 | -0.23 | 0.330 | 103 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Female labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Female labor participation by country | +0.37 | +0.23 | 0.162 | 105 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Public social spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public social spending by country | +0.45 | +0.22 | 0.266 | 40 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Inequality-adjusted HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | +0.74 | +0.22 | 0.094 | 98 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and PISA readingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA reading by country | +0.66 | +0.22 | 0.099 | 76 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Liberal democracyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Liberal democracy by country | +0.58 | +0.22 | 0.172 | 103 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Divorce rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate (UN) by country | -0.19 | -0.22 | 0.089 | 72 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Adult obesityAlmost no link either way. Adult obesity by country | +0.01 | -0.22 | 0.221 | 104 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Participatory democracyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.21) could easily be chance. Participatory democracy by country | +0.54 | +0.21 | 0.127 | 103 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and One-person householdsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. One-person households by country | +0.61 | +0.21 | 0.239 | 89 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Political stabilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.21) could easily be chance. Political stability by country | +0.66 | +0.21 | 0.415 | 107 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Retirement age, womenAlmost no link either way. Retirement age, women by country | +0.08 | +0.20 | 0.455 | 47 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Fixed broadbandLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fixed broadband by country | +0.68 | +0.20 | 0.085 | 106 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Marriage rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate (UN) by country | -0.40 | -0.19 | 0.215 | 76 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Health coverage indexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Health coverage index by country | +0.69 | +0.19 | 0.634 | 103 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Primary completionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Primary completion by country | +0.43 | -0.19 | 0.109 | 97 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Confidence in religious institutionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country | -0.47 | -0.19 | 0.069 | 107 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and PISA scienceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA science by country | +0.64 | +0.18 | 0.089 | 76 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Secondary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Secondary enrollment by country | +0.63 | +0.18 | 0.401 | 103 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Skilled birth attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Skilled birth attendance by country | +0.36 | -0.18 | 0.093 | 97 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | +0.43 | +0.18 | 0.262 | 40 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Food insecurityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Food insecurity by country | -0.62 | -0.17 | 0.353 | 91 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Labour scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Labour score by country | +0.65 | +0.17 | 0.139 | 105 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Regime typeLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.16) could easily be chance. Regime type by country | +0.51 | +0.16 | 0.344 | 103 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and InflationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Inflation by country | -0.21 | -0.16 | 0.565 | 105 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Anaemia in womenLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.16) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Anaemia in women by country | -0.56 | -0.16 | 0.480 | 102 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | +0.48 | +0.15 | 0.561 | 102 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country | -0.36 | -0.15 | 0.580 | 97 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Road traffic deathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.15) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Road traffic deaths by country | -0.61 | -0.15 | 0.464 | 103 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Market-income GiniCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Market-income Gini by country | -0.41 | -0.15 | 0.376 | 43 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Electoral democracyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.15) could easily be chance. Electoral democracy by country | +0.51 | +0.15 | 0.295 | 103 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Birth rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.15) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth rate by country | -0.56 | +0.15 | 0.603 | 107 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Male labor participationAlmost no link either way. Male labor participation by country | -0.05 | +0.14 | 0.085 | 105 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Protected landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Protected land by country | +0.13 | -0.14 | 0.511 | 105 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Adult literacyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adult literacy by country | +0.38 | -0.14 | 0.624 | 68 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Suicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country | +0.38 | +0.14 | 0.512 | 103 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | +0.23 | -0.13 | 0.227 | 107 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Expected schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Expected schooling by country | +0.63 | +0.13 | 0.398 | 104 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Fertility rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fertility rate by country | -0.54 | +0.13 | 0.587 | 107 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Equality scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.12) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Equality score by country | +0.51 | +0.12 | 0.622 | 97 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Governance scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.12) could easily be chance. Governance score by country | +0.51 | +0.12 | 0.312 | 104 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Population growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population growth by country | -0.21 | +0.12 | 0.538 | 107 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Civil liberties (FH)Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.12) could easily be chance. Civil liberties (FH) by country | -0.53 | -0.12 | 0.270 | 105 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Corporate tax rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corporate tax rate by country | -0.16 | +0.12 | 0.527 | 61 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | -0.06 | -0.11 | 0.218 | 106 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Marriage rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country | -0.13 | -0.11 | 0.736 | 44 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Electricity accessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Electricity access by country | +0.42 | -0.11 | 0.367 | 106 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Population 0-14Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.11) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 0-14 by country | -0.59 | +0.11 | 0.695 | 107 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and PISA mathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.11) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA maths by country | +0.61 | +0.11 | 0.555 | 76 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Free and fair electionsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.11) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Free and fair elections by country | +0.52 | +0.11 | 0.395 | 103 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Muslim shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country | -0.35 | -0.11 | 0.646 | 106 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | +0.42 | +0.11 | 0.162 | 90 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Youth not in work or studyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Youth not in work or study by country | -0.49 | -0.10 | 0.668 | 100 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country | +0.50 | +0.10 | 0.543 | 107 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Life expectancyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.10) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life expectancy by country | +0.66 | +0.10 | 0.595 | 107 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Compulsory schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | +0.26 | +0.10 | 0.316 | 106 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. HDI by country | +0.72 | +0.10 | 0.751 | 104 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country | -0.12 | +0.10 | 0.197 | 99 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Infrastructure scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infrastructure score by country | +0.67 | +0.10 | 0.466 | 106 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | -0.24 | +0.09 | 0.564 | 106 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Recycling rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Recycling rate by country | +0.32 | +0.09 | 0.735 | 33 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country | -0.16 | -0.09 | 0.684 | 105 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | +0.34 | +0.08 | 0.476 | 103 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Primary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Primary enrollment by country | -0.07 | +0.08 | 0.679 | 104 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Hospital bedsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hospital beds by country | +0.26 | -0.08 | 0.649 | 101 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country | +0.28 | +0.08 | 0.592 | 103 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Infant mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infant mortality by country | -0.61 | -0.08 | 0.597 | 104 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country | +0.21 | +0.07 | 0.766 | 37 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | +0.23 | +0.07 | 0.631 | 88 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Slum share of urban populationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Slum share of urban population by country | -0.52 | +0.07 | 0.580 | 103 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Vulnerable employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Vulnerable employment by country | -0.62 | -0.07 | 0.816 | 105 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and RedistributionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Redistribution by country | +0.40 | -0.07 | 0.693 | 43 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Government expenseCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country | +0.32 | -0.06 | 0.661 | 90 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Divorce rateAlmost no link either way. Divorce rate by country | -0.09 | -0.06 | 0.536 | 43 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Christian shareAlmost no link either way. Christian share by country | +0.07 | -0.06 | 0.798 | 106 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Married by 18Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Married by 18 by country | -0.45 | -0.06 | 0.827 | 70 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | -0.15 | +0.06 | 0.771 | 107 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Internet usersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Internet users by country | +0.62 | +0.06 | 0.681 | 107 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | +0.42 | +0.05 | 0.724 | 103 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Gender wage gapAlmost no link either way. Gender wage gap by country | -0.06 | +0.05 | 0.919 | 36 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | +0.34 | +0.05 | 0.640 | 103 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Informal employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Informal employment by country | -0.67 | -0.05 | 0.546 | 79 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | -0.47 | -0.05 | 0.744 | 105 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Pupil-teacher ratioLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | -0.56 | +0.05 | 0.718 | 98 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Out of school, primaryCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country | -0.35 | +0.05 | 0.829 | 102 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Median ageLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Median age by country | +0.59 | -0.05 | 0.854 | 107 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Homicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Homicide rate by country | -0.20 | +0.05 | 0.669 | 103 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Gender Development IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Development Index by country | +0.42 | -0.04 | 0.889 | 103 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Birth registrationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth registration by country | +0.47 | +0.04 | 0.880 | 95 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Migrant share of population by country | +0.41 | -0.04 | 0.774 | 106 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Adolescent fertilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adolescent fertility by country | -0.56 | -0.04 | 0.775 | 107 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Tertiary enrollmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tertiary enrollment by country | +0.50 | -0.03 | 0.745 | 102 | high |
| Wellbeing score and UrbanizationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Urbanization by country | +0.48 | -0.03 | 0.873 | 107 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | -0.41 | -0.03 | 0.888 | 103 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Employment in agricultureLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Employment in agriculture by country | -0.61 | -0.03 | 0.921 | 105 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Conflict deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Conflict deaths by country | -0.13 | +0.03 | 0.722 | 104 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | +0.29 | -0.03 | 0.846 | 103 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | -0.40 | -0.03 | 0.889 | 104 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and PhysiciansLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Physicians by country | +0.57 | +0.03 | 0.861 | 103 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. CO2 per capita by country | +0.35 | -0.03 | 0.807 | 102 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Child stuntingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Child stunting by country | -0.49 | +0.02 | 0.913 | 83 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Population 65+Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 65+ by country | +0.55 | +0.02 | 0.884 | 107 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Maternal mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Maternal mortality by country | -0.39 | +0.02 | 0.859 | 104 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Extreme poverty rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Extreme poverty rate by country | -0.51 | -0.02 | 0.925 | 97 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Education scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Education score by country | +0.58 | -0.02 | 0.926 | 104 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Basic water accessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic water access by country | +0.51 | -0.02 | 0.846 | 105 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tuberculosis incidence by country | -0.37 | -0.02 | 0.937 | 106 | high |
| Wellbeing score and Military spendingAlmost no link either way. Military spending by country | -0.04 | -0.02 | 0.830 | 100 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Forest areaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Forest area by country | +0.18 | +0.02 | 0.947 | 104 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country | +0.11 | +0.02 | 0.937 | 40 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country | -0.14 | -0.01 | 0.898 | 105 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Under-5 mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Under-5 mortality by country | -0.56 | +0.01 | 0.922 | 104 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Single-parent householdsAlmost no link either way. Single-parent households by country | -0.04 | -0.01 | 0.975 | 89 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country | -0.20 | +0.01 | 0.979 | 105 | independent |
| Wellbeing score and DTP3 immunisationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country | +0.28 | -0.00 | 0.965 | 103 | moderate |
| Wellbeing score and Basic sanitationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic sanitation by country | +0.52 | +0.00 | 0.985 | 105 | high |
| Wellbeing score and UndernourishmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Undernourishment by country | -0.49 | +0.00 | 0.988 | 99 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and Mean years of schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Mean years of schooling by country | +0.57 | +0.00 | 0.999 | 104 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | +0.69 | — | — | 107 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | +0.74 | — | — | 107 | proxy |
| Wellbeing score and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | +0.73 | — | — | 107 | proxy |
Source
PlaceStats · via PlaceStats
Derived work; each member keeps its own licence · updated recomputed with the panel
ivs; whr