Adolescent fertility
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
Link with national income-0.81essentially a measure of national income
Links that hold up31of 158 pairs tested
Unitbirths per 1,000 women aged 15-19higher is worse
SourceWDICC BY 4.0
How it has moved
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Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
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Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adolescent fertility and Married by 18Where Adolescent fertility is higher, Married by 18 tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Married by 18 by country | +0.81 | +0.69 | 0.023 | 136 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Birth rateWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Birth rate tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth rate by country | +0.86 | +0.64 | 0.036 | 199 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Fertility rateWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Fertility rate tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fertility rate by country | +0.84 | +0.57 | 0.035 | 199 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Basic sanitationWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Basic sanitation tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic sanitation by country | -0.81 | -0.53 | 0.021 | 197 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Under-5 mortalityWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Under-5 mortality tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Under-5 mortality by country | +0.80 | +0.52 | 0.005 | 188 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Electricity accessWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Electricity access tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Electricity access by country | -0.78 | -0.50 | 0.016 | 198 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Infant mortalityWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Infant mortality tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infant mortality by country | +0.80 | +0.49 | 0.015 | 188 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Life expectancyWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Life expectancy tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life expectancy by country | -0.81 | -0.47 | 0.021 | 199 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Equality scoreWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Equality score tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Equality score by country | -0.72 | -0.46 | 0.009 | 163 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Infrastructure scoreWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Infrastructure score tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infrastructure score by country | -0.82 | -0.46 | 0.008 | 197 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Primary completionWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Primary completion tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Primary completion by country | -0.77 | -0.46 | 0.012 | 161 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Education scoreWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Education score tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Education score by country | -0.79 | -0.45 | 0.024 | 191 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Slum share of urban populationWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Slum share of urban population tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Slum share of urban population by country | +0.76 | +0.44 | 0.034 | 184 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Basic water accessWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Basic water access tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic water access by country | -0.76 | -0.42 | 0.022 | 197 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and HDIWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, HDI tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. HDI by country | -0.80 | -0.41 | 0.038 | 187 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Pupil-teacher ratioWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Pupil-teacher ratio tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | +0.76 | +0.40 | 0.022 | 180 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Maternal mortalityWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Maternal mortality tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Maternal mortality by country | +0.72 | +0.39 | 0.026 | 187 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Inequality-adjusted HDIWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Inequality-adjusted HDI tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | -0.82 | -0.39 | 0.043 | 167 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Birth registrationWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Birth registration tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth registration by country | -0.70 | -0.39 | 0.026 | 166 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Gini indexWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Gini index tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country | +0.45 | +0.38 | 0.003 | 163 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Public order spendingWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Public order spending tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Public order spending by country | +0.62 | +0.36 | 0.040 | 37 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Adult literacyWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Adult literacy tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adult literacy by country | -0.71 | -0.36 | 0.042 | 135 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Extreme poverty rateWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Extreme poverty rate tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Extreme poverty rate by country | +0.72 | +0.36 | 0.033 | 163 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Out of school, primaryWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Out of school, primary tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country | +0.56 | +0.35 | 0.003 | 186 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Road traffic deathsWhere Adolescent fertility is higher, Road traffic deaths tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Road traffic deaths by country | +0.67 | +0.35 | 0.042 | 183 | high |
Links that don’t count as findings
These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adolescent fertility and Gender Inequality IndexNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Gender Inequality Index by country | +0.83 | +0.47 | 0.031 | 169 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Health scoreNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Health score by country | -0.33 | -0.16 | 0.332 | 186 | moderate |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 133 countries reporting all of them, and 69 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 76% | — |
| 2 | 83% | +6% |
| 3 | 83% | +0% |
| 4 | 85% | +3% |
| 5 | 86% | +0% |
| 6 | 86% | +0% |
This measure sits on the pattern all the measures share, which is national income under another name.
How it differs by category
This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.
The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.
| Grouped by | Between groups | After income | q | Groups at each end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last European coloniser | 0.43 | 0.30 | 0.033 | worst: France 78.1 · best: Never a European colony 30.1 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 |
| Largest religious group | 0.00 | 0.21 | 0.022 | worst: Christians 43.5 · best: Muslims 43.2 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
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| Adolescent fertility and Population 0-14Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.53) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 0-14 by country | +0.83 | +0.53 | 0.080 | 199 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | -0.42 | -0.45 | 0.070 | 164 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and PISA mathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.42) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA maths by country | -0.70 | -0.42 | 0.371 | 87 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Median ageLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.41) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Median age by country | -0.79 | -0.41 | 0.134 | 199 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Skilled birth attendanceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.40) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Skilled birth attendance by country | -0.71 | -0.40 | 0.063 | 177 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Secondary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.39) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Secondary enrollment by country | -0.74 | -0.39 | 0.069 | 187 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Employment in agricultureLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.38) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Employment in agriculture by country | +0.77 | +0.38 | 0.110 | 177 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Health coverage indexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.37) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Health coverage index by country | -0.78 | -0.37 | 0.081 | 186 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Food insecurityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.36) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Food insecurity by country | +0.79 | +0.36 | 0.061 | 155 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Divorce rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate by country | -0.20 | -0.36 | 0.383 | 45 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Informal employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Informal employment by country | +0.78 | +0.35 | 0.141 | 140 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Age at childbearingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.34) could easily be chance. Age at childbearing by country | -0.54 | -0.34 | 0.166 | 199 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Internet usersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.32) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Internet users by country | -0.76 | -0.32 | 0.126 | 197 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Female labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Female labor participation by country | +0.16 | +0.32 | 0.061 | 177 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Recycling rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.31) could easily be chance. Recycling rate by country | -0.52 | -0.31 | 0.120 | 35 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and PISA scienceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.31) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA science by country | -0.64 | -0.31 | 0.387 | 87 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Population growthLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.31) could easily be chance. Population growth by country | +0.53 | +0.31 | 0.349 | 199 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Vulnerable employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.31) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Vulnerable employment by country | +0.76 | +0.31 | 0.102 | 177 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Religious attendanceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.31) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religious attendance by country | +0.65 | +0.31 | 0.131 | 105 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Women's age at first marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's age at first marriage by country | -0.48 | -0.30 | 0.189 | 40 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Children with one parentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Children with one parent by country | +0.16 | +0.28 | 0.528 | 38 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Anaemia in womenLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Anaemia in women by country | +0.63 | +0.28 | 0.290 | 185 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Tertiary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.26) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tertiary enrollment by country | -0.67 | -0.26 | 0.101 | 178 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country | -0.30 | -0.26 | 0.258 | 42 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Child stuntingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.25) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Child stunting by country | +0.67 | +0.25 | 0.107 | 156 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Christian shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Christian share by country | +0.15 | +0.25 | 0.265 | 184 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country | +0.41 | +0.25 | 0.130 | 196 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Population 65+Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.25) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 65+ by country | -0.66 | -0.25 | 0.281 | 199 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Forest areaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Forest area by country | +0.13 | +0.24 | 0.421 | 196 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Frequent prayerLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.23) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Frequent prayer by country | +0.58 | +0.23 | 0.305 | 78 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Births outside marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Births outside marriage by country | +0.24 | +0.23 | 0.245 | 42 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country | -0.39 | -0.22 | 0.444 | 107 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Marriage rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country | -0.13 | -0.22 | 0.511 | 46 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and UndernourishmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Undernourishment by country | +0.66 | +0.22 | 0.282 | 163 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Gender wage gapAlmost no link either way. Gender wage gap by country | -0.09 | -0.22 | 0.290 | 38 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Government expenseCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country | -0.35 | -0.21 | 0.381 | 151 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Mean years of schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.21) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Mean years of schooling by country | -0.70 | -0.21 | 0.178 | 187 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Divorce rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate (UN) by country | -0.16 | -0.21 | 0.214 | 95 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Expected schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Expected schooling by country | -0.68 | -0.20 | 0.215 | 187 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Marriage rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Marriage rate (UN) by country | +0.01 | -0.20 | 0.198 | 104 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Homicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Homicide rate by country | +0.19 | +0.20 | 0.239 | 170 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Protected landAlmost no link either way. Protected land by country | -0.02 | +0.20 | 0.116 | 196 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Rule of lawLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Rule of law by country | -0.63 | -0.20 | 0.410 | 195 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Muslim shareAlmost no link either way. Muslim share by country | +0.05 | -0.20 | 0.355 | 184 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and PhysiciansLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Physicians by country | -0.67 | -0.20 | 0.156 | 186 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | -0.14 | +0.19 | 0.376 | 180 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Military spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Military spending by country | -0.19 | -0.19 | 0.182 | 156 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country | -0.37 | -0.19 | 0.365 | 42 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Single-parent householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Single-parent households by country | +0.13 | +0.19 | 0.070 | 150 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | -0.27 | +0.18 | 0.286 | 182 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Women ministersAlmost no link either way. Women ministers by country | -0.04 | +0.18 | 0.302 | 185 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Male labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Male labor participation by country | +0.12 | +0.18 | 0.052 | 177 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country | -0.24 | -0.18 | 0.222 | 186 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | -0.35 | -0.17 | 0.175 | 151 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Hospital bedsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hospital beds by country | -0.48 | -0.17 | 0.280 | 171 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and PISA readingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.16) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA reading by country | -0.57 | -0.16 | 0.389 | 87 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Control of corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.16) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Control of corruption by country | -0.61 | -0.16 | 0.475 | 195 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Conflict deathsAlmost no link either way. Conflict deaths by country | +0.00 | -0.16 | 0.145 | 188 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country | +0.12 | -0.16 | 0.236 | 195 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Women in parliamentAlmost no link either way. Women in parliament by country | -0.09 | +0.15 | 0.397 | 185 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Government spending per capitaLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.15) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government spending per capita by country | -0.56 | +0.15 | 0.661 | 43 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Fixed broadbandLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.14) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fixed broadband by country | -0.68 | -0.14 | 0.376 | 196 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country | +0.30 | +0.13 | 0.266 | 172 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | -0.14 | +0.13 | 0.564 | 149 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Labour scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Labour score by country | -0.60 | -0.13 | 0.480 | 185 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Political corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Political corruption by country | +0.57 | +0.13 | 0.561 | 168 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Government effectivenessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government effectiveness by country | -0.68 | -0.13 | 0.542 | 195 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Interpersonal trustCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Interpersonal trust by country | -0.50 | -0.12 | 0.604 | 107 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Confidence in religious institutionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country | +0.44 | +0.12 | 0.446 | 107 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Government consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country | -0.16 | -0.11 | 0.302 | 178 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Free and fair electionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Free and fair elections by country | -0.50 | -0.11 | 0.661 | 168 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Life satisfactionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.11) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life satisfaction by country | -0.60 | +0.11 | 0.637 | 160 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country | +0.12 | -0.11 | 0.135 | 192 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Youth not in work or studyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Youth not in work or study by country | +0.48 | +0.11 | 0.564 | 175 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | -0.28 | +0.11 | 0.301 | 168 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Corruption Perceptions IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | -0.59 | -0.10 | 0.693 | 175 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Aid given by country | -0.46 | -0.10 | 0.445 | 47 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Voice and accountabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Voice and accountability by country | -0.48 | -0.09 | 0.671 | 195 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | -0.38 | -0.09 | 0.283 | 198 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and RedistributionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Redistribution by country | -0.46 | -0.09 | 0.705 | 45 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Religion very importantLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religion very important by country | +0.52 | +0.09 | 0.701 | 107 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and One-person householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. One-person households by country | -0.49 | +0.09 | 0.657 | 150 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | +0.39 | +0.09 | 0.760 | 188 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Hours workedLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hours worked by country | +0.54 | +0.08 | 0.560 | 38 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country | -0.10 | +0.08 | 0.314 | 168 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Regulatory qualityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Regulatory quality by country | -0.64 | -0.08 | 0.713 | 195 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Corporate tax rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corporate tax rate by country | +0.28 | -0.08 | 0.607 | 86 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | +0.34 | +0.07 | 0.219 | 188 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Compulsory schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | -0.34 | -0.07 | 0.702 | 185 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country | -0.26 | -0.06 | 0.723 | 188 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | -0.14 | +0.06 | 0.422 | 168 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Market-income GiniCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Market-income Gini by country | +0.34 | +0.06 | 0.889 | 45 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Political stabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political stability by country | -0.48 | -0.06 | 0.826 | 195 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tuberculosis incidence by country | +0.43 | +0.06 | 0.853 | 196 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country | +0.39 | +0.06 | 0.830 | 188 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | -0.18 | +0.05 | 0.576 | 168 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | -0.00 | +0.05 | 0.550 | 195 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Premature NCD mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Premature NCD mortality by country | +0.48 | -0.05 | 0.835 | 179 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | +0.29 | +0.05 | 0.790 | 186 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | -0.18 | +0.05 | 0.655 | 168 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | -0.32 | +0.04 | 0.815 | 42 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Retirement age, womenAlmost no link either way. Retirement age, women by country | +0.05 | -0.04 | 0.848 | 49 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Gender Development IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Development Index by country | -0.51 | -0.04 | 0.909 | 180 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Liberal democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Liberal democracy by country | -0.42 | -0.04 | 0.851 | 168 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. CO2 per capita by country | -0.33 | -0.04 | 0.603 | 191 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and Wellbeing scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Wellbeing score by country | -0.56 | -0.04 | 0.775 | 107 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and UrbanizationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Urbanization by country | -0.48 | +0.04 | 0.898 | 199 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | +0.29 | -0.03 | 0.872 | 192 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and InflationAlmost no link either way. Inflation by country | +0.08 | -0.03 | 0.772 | 189 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Migrant share of population by country | -0.42 | +0.03 | 0.816 | 198 | high |
| Adolescent fertility and ResearchersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Researchers by country | -0.57 | -0.03 | 0.877 | 131 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | +0.12 | -0.03 | 0.916 | 199 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and UnemploymentAlmost no link either way. Unemployment by country | +0.05 | -0.03 | 0.930 | 177 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Retirement age, menCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, men by country | +0.19 | -0.02 | 0.950 | 49 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country | -0.36 | +0.02 | 0.925 | 168 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Governance scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country | -0.39 | -0.02 | 0.930 | 171 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Trust in governmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trust in government by country | -0.23 | -0.02 | 0.944 | 47 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | -0.34 | -0.02 | 0.820 | 180 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country | -0.37 | -0.01 | 0.948 | 168 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | -0.33 | +0.01 | 0.922 | 184 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country | -0.37 | -0.01 | 0.968 | 168 | moderate |
| Adolescent fertility and Suicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country | -0.16 | -0.01 | 0.972 | 179 | independent |
| Adolescent fertility and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | -0.60 | — | — | 199 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | -0.63 | — | — | 197 | proxy |
| Adolescent fertility and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | -0.53 | — | — | 199 | proxy |
Source
UN Population Division, World Population Prospects
CC BY 4.0 · licence terms · updated quarterly
World Bank, World Development Indicators