Maternal mortality
Maternal mortality ratio, modelled estimate (per 100,000 live births)
Link with national income-0.85essentially a measure of national income
Links that hold up18of 158 pairs tested
Unitper 100,000 live birthshigher is worse
SourceWDICC BY 4.0
What this measures. Estimated with a model, like stunting, and for the same reason. Deaths in childbirth are rare in small countries with weak death records, so the agencies estimate rather than count.
How it has moved
Loading…
Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
Loading…
Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal mortality and Under-5 mortalityWhere Maternal mortality is higher, Under-5 mortality tends to be higher: a strong link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Under-5 mortality by country | +0.88 | +0.74 | 0.003 | 186 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Infant mortalityWhere Maternal mortality is higher, Infant mortality tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infant mortality by country | +0.85 | +0.68 | 0.012 | 186 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Basic sanitationWhere Maternal mortality is higher, Basic sanitation tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic sanitation by country | -0.79 | -0.54 | 0.005 | 186 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Primary completionWhere Maternal mortality is higher, Primary completion tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Primary completion by country | -0.79 | -0.54 | 0.006 | 161 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Electricity accessWhere Maternal mortality is higher, Electricity access tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Electricity access by country | -0.78 | -0.53 | 0.002 | 187 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Skilled birth attendanceWhere Maternal mortality is higher, Skilled birth attendance tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Skilled birth attendance by country | -0.76 | -0.53 | 0.021 | 174 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Health coverage indexWhere Maternal mortality is higher, Health coverage index tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Health coverage index by country | -0.80 | -0.52 | 0.014 | 186 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Fertility rateWhere Maternal mortality is higher, Fertility rate tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fertility rate by country | +0.78 | +0.51 | 0.009 | 187 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Adult literacyWhere Maternal mortality is higher, Adult literacy tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adult literacy by country | -0.74 | -0.49 | 0.003 | 132 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Birth rateWhere Maternal mortality is higher, Birth rate tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth rate by country | +0.78 | +0.48 | 0.024 | 187 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Education scoreWhere Maternal mortality is higher, Education score tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Education score by country | -0.77 | -0.48 | 0.037 | 185 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Basic water accessWhere Maternal mortality is higher, Basic water access tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic water access by country | -0.73 | -0.40 | 0.036 | 186 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Adolescent fertilityWhere Maternal mortality is higher, Adolescent fertility tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adolescent fertility by country | +0.72 | +0.39 | 0.026 | 187 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Out of school, primaryWhere Maternal mortality is higher, Out of school, primary tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country | +0.52 | +0.29 | 0.003 | 178 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Female labor participationWhere Maternal mortality is higher, Female labor participation tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Female labor participation by country | +0.15 | +0.27 | 0.039 | 174 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Mean years of schoolingWhere Maternal mortality is higher, Mean years of schooling tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Mean years of schooling by country | -0.69 | -0.27 | 0.026 | 186 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and DTP3 immunisationWhere Maternal mortality is higher, DTP3 immunisation tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country | -0.52 | -0.26 | 0.003 | 186 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Compulsory schoolingWhere Maternal mortality is higher, Compulsory schooling tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | -0.35 | -0.11 | 0.035 | 177 | moderate |
Links that don’t count as findings
These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal mortality and Gender Inequality IndexNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Gender Inequality Index by country | +0.74 | +0.36 | 0.287 | 169 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Health scoreNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Health score by country | -0.21 | +0.01 | 0.950 | 186 | moderate |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 133 countries reporting all of them, and 69 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 66% | — |
| 2 | 71% | +5% |
| 3 | 79% | +8% |
| 4 | 79% | +0% |
| 5 | 81% | +2% |
| 6 | 81% | +0% |
This measure sits on one of the smaller patterns, not on the one all the measures share.
How it differs by category
This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.
The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.
| Grouped by | Between groups | After income | q | Groups at each end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last European coloniser | 0.42 | 0.22 | 0.150 | worst: France 281 · best: Spain 67.5 per 100,000 live births |
| Largest religious group | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.424 | worst: Muslims 167 · best: Christians 102 per 100,000 live births |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
138 of 138
| Maternal mortality and Trust in governmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trust in government by country | +0.18 | +0.62 | 0.074 | 47 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Life expectancyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.55) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life expectancy by country | -0.81 | -0.55 | 0.108 | 187 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.47) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. HDI by country | -0.77 | -0.47 | 0.110 | 186 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Market-income GiniLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.45) could easily be chance. Market-income Gini by country | +0.62 | +0.45 | 0.328 | 45 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Food insecurityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.42) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Food insecurity by country | +0.77 | +0.42 | 0.093 | 155 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Infrastructure scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.39) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infrastructure score by country | -0.76 | -0.39 | 0.074 | 187 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Pupil-teacher ratioLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.37) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | +0.71 | +0.37 | 0.165 | 173 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Birth registrationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.36) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth registration by country | -0.67 | -0.36 | 0.088 | 165 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Inequality-adjusted HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.36) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | -0.75 | -0.36 | 0.076 | 166 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and PISA mathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA maths by country | -0.65 | -0.35 | 0.088 | 84 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Population 0-14Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.35) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 0-14 by country | +0.74 | +0.35 | 0.079 | 187 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Children with one parentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Children with one parent by country | +0.25 | +0.34 | 0.523 | 38 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Secondary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.34) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Secondary enrollment by country | -0.69 | -0.34 | 0.140 | 179 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Public social spendingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.33) could easily be chance. Public social spending by country | -0.54 | -0.33 | 0.093 | 42 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Slum share of urban populationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.33) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Slum share of urban population by country | +0.68 | +0.33 | 0.204 | 178 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Anaemia in womenLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.33) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Anaemia in women by country | +0.64 | +0.33 | 0.061 | 185 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Extreme poverty rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.32) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Extreme poverty rate by country | +0.67 | +0.32 | 0.236 | 162 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Recycling rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.32) could easily be chance. Recycling rate by country | -0.50 | -0.32 | 0.192 | 35 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | -0.35 | -0.31 | 0.166 | 164 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Married by 18Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.31) could easily be chance. Married by 18 by country | +0.59 | +0.31 | 0.060 | 134 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Education spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Education spending by country | -0.25 | -0.30 | 0.222 | 179 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Religious attendanceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religious attendance by country | +0.54 | +0.29 | 0.379 | 102 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country | -0.33 | -0.29 | 0.157 | 42 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Internet usersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Internet users by country | -0.72 | -0.29 | 0.076 | 187 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Vulnerable employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Vulnerable employment by country | +0.71 | +0.29 | 0.164 | 174 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and UndernourishmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Undernourishment by country | +0.65 | +0.29 | 0.193 | 161 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Gender Development IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Development Index by country | -0.60 | -0.29 | 0.376 | 179 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Child stuntingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.27) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Child stunting by country | +0.66 | +0.27 | 0.127 | 155 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Government spending per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government spending per capita by country | -0.49 | +0.27 | 0.410 | 43 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and PISA scienceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.26) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA science by country | -0.60 | -0.26 | 0.244 | 84 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Road traffic deathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.25) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Road traffic deaths by country | +0.59 | +0.25 | 0.143 | 183 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country | +0.37 | +0.25 | 0.419 | 164 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country | -0.40 | -0.24 | 0.315 | 42 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Population growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population growth by country | +0.47 | +0.24 | 0.243 | 187 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Marriage rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Marriage rate (UN) by country | +0.00 | -0.23 | 0.116 | 94 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Retirement age, womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, women by country | +0.24 | +0.22 | 0.414 | 49 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Births outside marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Births outside marriage by country | +0.24 | +0.22 | 0.590 | 42 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and RedistributionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.22) could easily be chance. Redistribution by country | -0.59 | -0.22 | 0.520 | 45 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Marriage rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country | -0.13 | -0.22 | 0.642 | 46 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Median ageLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Median age by country | -0.68 | -0.22 | 0.176 | 187 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country | -0.17 | +0.21 | 0.137 | 187 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and PISA readingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA reading by country | -0.57 | -0.20 | 0.232 | 84 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country | -0.34 | -0.20 | 0.204 | 186 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country | -0.27 | -0.19 | 0.512 | 39 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Equality scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Equality score by country | -0.55 | -0.19 | 0.562 | 162 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Employment in agricultureLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Employment in agriculture by country | +0.66 | +0.18 | 0.416 | 174 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Expected schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Expected schooling by country | -0.63 | -0.18 | 0.428 | 186 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Tertiary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tertiary enrollment by country | -0.60 | -0.17 | 0.155 | 171 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Divorce rateAlmost no link either way. Divorce rate by country | -0.06 | -0.17 | 0.780 | 45 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and One-person householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. One-person households by country | -0.41 | +0.16 | 0.068 | 143 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Frequent prayerCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Frequent prayer by country | +0.43 | +0.16 | 0.428 | 76 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Migrant share of population by country | -0.32 | +0.15 | 0.315 | 187 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Conflict deathsAlmost no link either way. Conflict deaths by country | -0.00 | -0.14 | 0.188 | 186 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Divorce rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate (UN) by country | -0.12 | -0.14 | 0.113 | 87 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Retirement age, menCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, men by country | +0.33 | +0.14 | 0.658 | 49 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Freedom of expressionAlmost no link either way. Freedom of expression by country | -0.09 | +0.14 | 0.414 | 166 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Gender wage gapAlmost no link either way. Gender wage gap by country | -0.05 | -0.14 | 0.575 | 38 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Informal employmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.14) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Informal employment by country | +0.66 | +0.14 | 0.521 | 140 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Political stabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political stability by country | -0.48 | -0.14 | 0.530 | 187 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | -0.31 | -0.13 | 0.376 | 150 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Women's age at first marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's age at first marriage by country | -0.31 | -0.13 | 0.601 | 40 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Male labor participationAlmost no link either way. Male labor participation by country | +0.08 | +0.13 | 0.283 | 174 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and PhysiciansLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.12) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Physicians by country | -0.61 | -0.12 | 0.240 | 186 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country | +0.34 | +0.12 | 0.429 | 186 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Primary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Primary enrollment by country | -0.06 | -0.12 | 0.544 | 184 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Civil society participationAlmost no link either way. Civil society participation by country | -0.07 | +0.12 | 0.437 | 166 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | -0.13 | +0.12 | 0.407 | 166 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | -0.24 | +0.11 | 0.221 | 170 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and ResearchersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Researchers by country | -0.41 | +0.11 | 0.596 | 129 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Religion very importantCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religion very important by country | +0.41 | +0.11 | 0.650 | 104 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | +0.35 | +0.11 | 0.225 | 186 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Hospital bedsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hospital beds by country | -0.44 | -0.10 | 0.481 | 171 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Military spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Military spending by country | -0.14 | -0.10 | 0.102 | 155 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and UrbanizationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Urbanization by country | -0.40 | +0.10 | 0.712 | 187 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Life satisfactionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life satisfaction by country | -0.63 | -0.10 | 0.589 | 158 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | +0.31 | +0.10 | 0.737 | 186 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | -0.15 | +0.10 | 0.475 | 166 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and UnemploymentAlmost no link either way. Unemployment by country | -0.01 | -0.09 | 0.543 | 174 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Regulatory qualityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Regulatory quality by country | -0.52 | +0.09 | 0.661 | 187 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Corruption Perceptions IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | -0.46 | +0.09 | 0.636 | 173 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Population 65+Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 65+ by country | -0.56 | -0.09 | 0.244 | 187 | high |
| Maternal mortality and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | +0.19 | +0.08 | 0.594 | 187 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country | -0.31 | +0.08 | 0.585 | 166 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Government expenseCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country | -0.27 | -0.08 | 0.722 | 150 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country | -0.24 | -0.07 | 0.718 | 104 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Government consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country | -0.14 | -0.07 | 0.646 | 168 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | -0.25 | -0.07 | 0.406 | 148 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Premature NCD mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Premature NCD mortality by country | +0.44 | -0.06 | 0.831 | 179 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tuberculosis incidence by country | +0.40 | +0.06 | 0.711 | 187 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country | -0.31 | +0.06 | 0.660 | 166 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | -0.32 | +0.06 | 0.588 | 182 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country | -0.32 | +0.06 | 0.628 | 166 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Homicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Homicide rate by country | +0.11 | +0.06 | 0.559 | 161 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country | +0.37 | +0.05 | 0.828 | 186 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Protected landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Protected land by country | -0.11 | +0.05 | 0.610 | 186 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | -0.34 | -0.05 | 0.241 | 187 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Interpersonal trustCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Interpersonal trust by country | -0.27 | +0.05 | 0.485 | 104 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Confidence in religious institutionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country | +0.31 | +0.05 | 0.815 | 104 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Suicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country | -0.11 | +0.05 | 0.779 | 179 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Governance scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country | -0.34 | +0.04 | 0.821 | 169 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. CO2 per capita by country | -0.28 | +0.04 | 0.523 | 182 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | -0.30 | +0.04 | 0.413 | 166 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | -0.28 | +0.04 | 0.703 | 178 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Liberal democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Liberal democracy by country | -0.36 | +0.04 | 0.831 | 166 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Labour scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Labour score by country | -0.52 | -0.04 | 0.770 | 182 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Youth not in work or studyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Youth not in work or study by country | +0.40 | +0.04 | 0.735 | 169 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | +0.35 | +0.03 | 0.875 | 186 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Women in parliamentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country | -0.19 | -0.03 | 0.889 | 185 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Women ministersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country | -0.12 | +0.03 | 0.837 | 185 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Fixed broadbandLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fixed broadband by country | -0.59 | -0.03 | 0.446 | 187 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country | +0.21 | +0.03 | 0.677 | 187 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Muslim shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country | +0.18 | +0.03 | 0.914 | 178 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | -0.22 | +0.03 | 0.873 | 179 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Hours workedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hours worked by country | +0.47 | +0.03 | 0.754 | 38 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Control of corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Control of corruption by country | -0.49 | +0.03 | 0.920 | 187 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Rule of lawLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Rule of law by country | -0.51 | -0.03 | 0.924 | 187 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Wellbeing scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Wellbeing score by country | -0.39 | +0.02 | 0.859 | 104 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Free and fair electionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Free and fair elections by country | -0.43 | -0.02 | 0.892 | 166 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country | +0.19 | +0.02 | 0.873 | 185 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | +0.29 | +0.02 | 0.935 | 181 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Political corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Political corruption by country | +0.46 | -0.02 | 0.956 | 166 | high |
| Maternal mortality and HIV prevalenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | +0.17 | +0.02 | 0.927 | 148 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Public order spending by country | +0.34 | -0.01 | 0.960 | 37 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Government effectivenessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government effectiveness by country | -0.58 | +0.01 | 0.971 | 187 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and InflationAlmost no link either way. Inflation by country | +0.08 | -0.01 | 0.877 | 182 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Corporate tax rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corporate tax rate by country | +0.23 | -0.01 | 0.949 | 80 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Aid given by country | -0.33 | -0.01 | 0.987 | 47 | high |
| Maternal mortality and Single-parent householdsAlmost no link either way. Single-parent households by country | +0.04 | +0.00 | 0.977 | 143 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Forest areaAlmost no link either way. Forest area by country | -0.04 | +0.00 | 0.982 | 187 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country | +0.20 | +0.00 | 0.991 | 162 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | -0.01 | +0.00 | 0.980 | 186 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | -0.33 | -0.00 | 0.994 | 42 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Voice and accountabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Voice and accountability by country | -0.40 | +0.00 | 0.993 | 187 | moderate |
| Maternal mortality and Christian shareAlmost no link either way. Christian share by country | -0.02 | -0.00 | 0.993 | 178 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and Health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country | -0.12 | +0.00 | 0.992 | 186 | independent |
| Maternal mortality and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | -0.49 | — | — | 187 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | -0.50 | — | — | 187 | proxy |
| Maternal mortality and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | -0.41 | — | — | 187 | proxy |
Source
WHO and the UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group
CC BY 4.0 · licence terms · updated quarterly
World Bank, World Development Indicators