Active labour market spending
Public spending on active labour market programmes
Link with national income+0.54partly income-linked
Links that hold up8of 155 pairs tested
Unit% of GDPhigher is neither better nor worse
SourceOECDCC BY 4.0 (OECD terms and conditions)
What this measures. Training, help finding jobs, wage subsidies and jobs created by government: spending on getting people into work rather than supporting them while out of it.
How it has moved
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Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
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Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active labour market spending and Secondary enrollmentWhere Active labour market spending is higher, Secondary enrollment tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Secondary enrollment by country | +0.54 | +0.47 | 0.017 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Primary enrollmentWhere Active labour market spending is higher, Primary enrollment tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Primary enrollment by country | +0.18 | +0.36 | 0.041 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Hours workedWhere Active labour market spending is higher, Hours worked tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Hours worked by country | -0.56 | -0.34 | 0.012 | 36 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Liberal democracyWhere Active labour market spending is higher, Liberal democracy tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Liberal democracy by country | +0.48 | +0.30 | 0.047 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Freedom of expressionWhere Active labour market spending is higher, Freedom of expression tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | +0.42 | +0.28 | 0.030 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Political civil libertiesWhere Active labour market spending is higher, Political civil liberties tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | +0.41 | +0.26 | 0.036 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Electoral democracyWhere Active labour market spending is higher, Electoral democracy tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country | +0.43 | +0.25 | 0.049 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Participatory democracyWhere Active labour market spending is higher, Participatory democracy tends to be higher: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country | +0.42 | +0.23 | 0.040 | 42 | moderate |
Links that don’t count as findings
These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active labour market spending and Public social spendingNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Public social spending by country | +0.46 | +0.31 | 0.052 | 42 | moderate |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 41 countries reporting all of them, and 71 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 21% | — |
| 2 | 22% | +1% |
| 3 | 22% | +0% |
| 4 | 24% | +2% |
| 5 | 27% | +3% |
| 6 | 39% | +13% |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
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| Active labour market spending and Women's age at first marriageComparing only countries with similar income it is still +0.43, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Women's age at first marriage by country | +0.56 | +0.43 | 0.057 | 39 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Adult obesityComparing only countries with similar income it is still -0.42, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Adult obesity by country | -0.52 | -0.42 | 0.171 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and CO2 per capitaAlmost no link either way. CO2 per capita by country | -0.06 | -0.40 | 0.379 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | +0.41 | +0.33 | 0.185 | 41 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and ResearchersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.32) could easily be chance. Researchers by country | +0.52 | +0.32 | 0.119 | 40 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country | +0.34 | +0.30 | 0.069 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Retirement age, womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, women by country | -0.29 | -0.29 | 0.281 | 39 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Births outside marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Births outside marriage by country | +0.21 | +0.29 | 0.194 | 40 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | +0.42 | +0.28 | 0.097 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Youth not in work or studyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Youth not in work or study by country | -0.49 | -0.27 | 0.122 | 41 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country | +0.44 | +0.27 | 0.192 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Government consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government consumption by country | +0.36 | +0.26 | 0.105 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Aid givenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Aid given by country | +0.45 | +0.26 | 0.460 | 37 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Women in parliamentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country | +0.25 | +0.26 | 0.085 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Voice and accountabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Voice and accountability by country | +0.49 | +0.26 | 0.075 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Interpersonal trustCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Interpersonal trust by country | +0.48 | +0.26 | 0.200 | 40 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | +0.40 | +0.25 | 0.112 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Mean years of schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mean years of schooling by country | +0.11 | -0.25 | 0.141 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Single-parent householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Single-parent households by country | -0.38 | -0.25 | 0.218 | 34 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and RedistributionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Redistribution by country | +0.40 | +0.24 | 0.386 | 40 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Retirement age, menCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Retirement age, men by country | -0.31 | -0.24 | 0.412 | 39 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country | +0.44 | +0.23 | 0.182 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Health coverage indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health coverage index by country | +0.11 | -0.23 | 0.386 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and PhysiciansCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Physicians by country | +0.36 | +0.23 | 0.092 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country | +0.35 | +0.23 | 0.423 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Education spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Education spending by country | +0.27 | +0.23 | 0.200 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Governance scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country | +0.42 | +0.22 | 0.057 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Health scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health score by country | +0.41 | +0.22 | 0.152 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and UnemploymentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment by country | +0.12 | +0.22 | 0.187 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | -0.39 | -0.21 | 0.145 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Gender Inequality IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender Inequality Index by country | -0.49 | -0.21 | 0.347 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country | -0.10 | -0.20 | 0.159 | 41 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Population 65+Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population 65+ by country | +0.34 | +0.20 | 0.101 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and InflationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Inflation by country | -0.25 | -0.20 | 0.182 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Median ageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Median age by country | +0.33 | +0.20 | 0.253 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country | -0.39 | -0.19 | 0.238 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Christian shareAlmost no link either way. Christian share by country | +0.06 | +0.19 | 0.462 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | +0.38 | +0.19 | 0.595 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | +0.21 | +0.19 | 0.054 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Religion very importantCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religion very important by country | -0.39 | -0.19 | 0.432 | 40 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Corruption Perceptions IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | +0.47 | +0.18 | 0.458 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Government expenseCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government expense by country | +0.18 | +0.18 | 0.531 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Control of corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Control of corruption by country | +0.47 | +0.18 | 0.268 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Extreme poverty rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Extreme poverty rate by country | -0.16 | +0.18 | 0.648 | 41 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Population 0-14Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population 0-14 by country | -0.31 | -0.18 | 0.403 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Rule of lawCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Rule of law by country | +0.47 | +0.18 | 0.214 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Wellbeing scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Wellbeing score by country | +0.43 | +0.18 | 0.262 | 40 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Expected schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Expected schooling by country | +0.32 | +0.18 | 0.271 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Divorce rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate by country | -0.19 | -0.17 | 0.085 | 41 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country | +0.20 | +0.17 | 0.149 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Marriage rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country | -0.12 | -0.17 | 0.294 | 41 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Basic sanitationAlmost no link either way. Basic sanitation by country | +0.05 | -0.17 | 0.198 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Road traffic deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Road traffic deaths by country | -0.45 | -0.16 | 0.636 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | +0.12 | +0.16 | 0.429 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public order spending by country | -0.37 | -0.15 | 0.281 | 37 | high |
| Active labour market spending and PISA readingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA reading by country | +0.21 | -0.15 | 0.467 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Military spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Military spending by country | -0.20 | -0.15 | 0.638 | 40 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Labour scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Labour score by country | +0.22 | -0.15 | 0.569 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Skilled birth attendanceAlmost no link either way. Skilled birth attendance by country | -0.04 | -0.14 | 0.313 | 35 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Religious attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religious attendance by country | -0.32 | -0.14 | 0.394 | 40 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | +0.19 | +0.14 | 0.233 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Environment scoreAlmost no link either way. Environment score by country | -0.01 | +0.14 | 0.561 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | -0.33 | -0.14 | 0.396 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Regulatory qualityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regulatory quality by country | +0.45 | +0.14 | 0.480 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Male labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Male labor participation by country | -0.23 | -0.13 | 0.248 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | +0.17 | +0.13 | 0.153 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Government spending per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government spending per capita by country | +0.45 | +0.13 | 0.571 | 41 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Fixed broadbandCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Fixed broadband by country | +0.40 | +0.13 | 0.288 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country | +0.42 | +0.13 | 0.450 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country | +0.23 | +0.12 | 0.643 | 39 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | -0.08 | +0.12 | 0.597 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Life expectancyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Life expectancy by country | +0.36 | +0.11 | 0.524 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Gender wage gapCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender wage gap by country | -0.14 | -0.11 | 0.671 | 38 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Market-income GiniAlmost no link either way. Market-income Gini by country | +0.01 | +0.11 | 0.374 | 40 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country | -0.35 | -0.11 | 0.671 | 41 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Free and fair electionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Free and fair elections by country | +0.30 | +0.10 | 0.265 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Migrant share of population by country | +0.25 | -0.10 | 0.352 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Marriage rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Marriage rate (UN) by country | -0.00 | -0.10 | 0.496 | 41 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Out of school, primaryCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country | -0.19 | -0.10 | 0.531 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Muslim shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country | -0.10 | -0.10 | 0.243 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Birth rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Birth rate by country | -0.21 | -0.09 | 0.702 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Confidence in religious institutionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country | -0.19 | -0.09 | 0.691 | 40 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and UndernourishmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Undernourishment by country | -0.19 | +0.09 | 0.681 | 41 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Equality scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Equality score by country | +0.34 | +0.08 | 0.735 | 41 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Life satisfactionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Life satisfaction by country | +0.30 | +0.08 | 0.565 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Trust in governmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trust in government by country | +0.34 | +0.08 | 0.699 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Employment in agricultureCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Employment in agriculture by country | -0.40 | -0.08 | 0.761 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Electricity accessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electricity access by country | +0.22 | -0.08 | 0.563 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Under-5 mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Under-5 mortality by country | -0.39 | -0.08 | 0.697 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Female labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Female labor participation by country | +0.23 | +0.08 | 0.653 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Women ministersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country | +0.16 | +0.07 | 0.400 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Infant mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Infant mortality by country | -0.38 | -0.07 | 0.726 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Hospital bedsAlmost no link either way. Hospital beds by country | -0.01 | -0.07 | 0.678 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Tertiary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Tertiary enrollment by country | +0.07 | +0.07 | 0.466 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and PISA scienceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA science by country | +0.24 | -0.07 | 0.681 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Gender Development IndexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender Development Index by country | +0.15 | +0.07 | 0.671 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Inequality-adjusted HDICould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | +0.43 | +0.07 | 0.584 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and UrbanizationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Urbanization by country | +0.14 | +0.06 | 0.766 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Infrastructure scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Infrastructure score by country | +0.39 | +0.06 | 0.537 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Internet usersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Internet users by country | +0.33 | -0.06 | 0.597 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Compulsory schoolingAlmost no link either way. Compulsory schooling by country | -0.07 | +0.06 | 0.763 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | -0.31 | -0.06 | 0.787 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Pupil-teacher ratioCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | -0.32 | -0.06 | 0.545 | 40 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Corporate tax rateAlmost no link either way. Corporate tax rate by country | -0.09 | -0.06 | 0.783 | 40 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and HIV prevalenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | -0.33 | -0.06 | 0.736 | 32 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Refugees originatingAlmost no link either way. Refugees originating by country | -0.07 | +0.06 | 0.643 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Political stabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political stability by country | +0.21 | -0.05 | 0.841 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Child stuntingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Child stunting by country | -0.40 | -0.05 | 0.831 | 25 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Government effectivenessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Government effectiveness by country | +0.41 | +0.05 | 0.855 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | +0.22 | +0.05 | 0.744 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Protected landAlmost no link either way. Protected land by country | +0.01 | +0.05 | 0.776 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Population growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population growth by country | +0.16 | +0.05 | 0.676 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Fertility rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Fertility rate by country | -0.14 | -0.05 | 0.876 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Birth registrationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Birth registration by country | +0.30 | -0.05 | 0.831 | 41 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Women in managementAlmost no link either way. Women in management by country | -0.05 | +0.05 | 0.803 | 39 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Primary completionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Primary completion by country | +0.22 | -0.05 | 0.888 | 41 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Mobile subscriptionsAlmost no link either way. Mobile subscriptions by country | -0.04 | +0.04 | 0.856 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Conflict deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Conflict deaths by country | -0.25 | -0.04 | 0.765 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Adolescent fertilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adolescent fertility by country | -0.32 | +0.04 | 0.815 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Informal employmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Informal employment by country | -0.42 | -0.04 | 0.691 | 36 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Forest areaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Forest area by country | -0.12 | +0.04 | 0.770 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Food insecurityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Food insecurity by country | -0.37 | -0.03 | 0.839 | 41 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and HDICould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. HDI by country | +0.42 | +0.03 | 0.874 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Children with one parentAlmost no link either way. Children with one parent by country | +0.07 | +0.03 | 0.907 | 36 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Recycling rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Recycling rate by country | +0.28 | +0.03 | 0.863 | 35 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | +0.13 | -0.03 | 0.900 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Vulnerable employmentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Vulnerable employment by country | -0.34 | +0.03 | 0.935 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Slum share of urban populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Slum share of urban population by country | -0.30 | -0.03 | 0.686 | 41 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Basic water accessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Basic water access by country | +0.10 | -0.02 | 0.874 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and Health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country | +0.21 | +0.02 | 0.963 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Premature NCD mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Premature NCD mortality by country | -0.20 | -0.02 | 0.874 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and DTP3 immunisationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country | +0.15 | -0.02 | 0.826 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Homicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Homicide rate by country | -0.31 | -0.02 | 0.897 | 42 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Suicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country | +0.15 | -0.02 | 0.892 | 42 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Political corruptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political corruption by country | -0.33 | -0.02 | 0.904 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Divorce rate (UN)Almost no link either way. Divorce rate (UN) by country | +0.04 | +0.02 | 0.884 | 39 | independent |
| Active labour market spending and Tuberculosis incidenceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tuberculosis incidence by country | -0.29 | -0.01 | 0.950 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Education scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Education score by country | +0.19 | -0.01 | 0.958 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and PISA mathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. PISA maths by country | +0.33 | -0.01 | 0.959 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Anaemia in womenCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Anaemia in women by country | -0.17 | -0.01 | 0.987 | 42 | high |
| Active labour market spending and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country | +0.21 | -0.00 | 0.972 | 40 | moderate |
| Active labour market spending and Maternal mortalityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Maternal mortality by country | -0.33 | -0.00 | 0.994 | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and One-person householdsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. One-person households by country | +0.27 | +0.00 | 0.998 | 34 | high |
| Active labour market spending and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | +0.46 | — | — | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | +0.45 | — | — | 42 | proxy |
| Active labour market spending and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | +0.40 | — | — | 42 | proxy |
Source
OECD · via Our World in Data
CC BY 4.0 (OECD terms and conditions) · licence terms · updated annual, except the snapshots noted per indicator
OECD databases as named on each indicator: PISA, Social Expenditure Database (SOCX), Income Distribution Database, Development Assistance Committee statistics, Family Database, Government at a Glance, Corporate Tax Statistics, employment and environment statistics