Labour score
Labour score
Link with national income+0.79strongly income-linked
Links that hold up3of 158 pairs tested
Unittypical gaps (standard deviations)higher is better
SourceDerivedDerived work; each member keeps its own licence
What this measures. The average of 4 measures from 2 publishers. Each measure is first put on a common scale: 0 is the average country in an average year, and 1 is a typical gap between countries (a standard deviation). Each is turned so that higher is better. Measures are averaged within each publisher first, so a publisher with many measures does not count for more. Members: Informal employment, Vulnerable employment, Youth not in work or study, Unemployment.
How it has moved
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Every country, every year
One row per country and one column per year, sorted by the most recent value. Hover over any cell to see the figure. The country names link to each country’s page.
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Links that hold up
r is how closely two measures rise and fall together across countries, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step), where 0 means no link. These pairs are ranked by the link after adjusting for national income, which means comparing countries with the same GDP per person. Each pair passed three checks. The link held after that adjustment. It was unlikely to be chance (q of 0.05 or less), even allowing for countries in the same region being alike and for the many pairs tested. And the two are not just two measures of the same thing. Very small q values are written in short form: 8.0e-5 means 0.000080.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour score and HIV prevalenceWhere Labour score is higher, HIV prevalence tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. HIV prevalence by country | -0.46 | -0.44 | 0.003 | 146 | moderate |
| Labour score and Food insecurityWhere Labour score is higher, Food insecurity tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Food insecurity by country | -0.68 | -0.24 | 0.023 | 153 | proxy |
| Labour score and Infant mortalityWhere Labour score is higher, Infant mortality tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infant mortality by country | -0.65 | -0.19 | 0.006 | 181 | proxy |
Links that don’t count as findings
These go together strongly, but they are built from the same numbers or measure the same thing. So they are bound to match, or their match shows that the measures agree, not something about the world.
| Measure | Before adjusting | After adjusting | q | Countries | Tracks income? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour score and UnemploymentNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Unemployment by country | -0.60 | -0.80 | 0.000 | 177 | independent |
| Labour score and Youth not in work or studyNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Youth not in work or study by country | -0.65 | -0.44 | 0.140 | 170 | high |
| Labour score and Vulnerable employmentNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Vulnerable employment by country | -0.66 | -0.11 | 0.693 | 177 | proxy |
| Labour score and Informal employmentNot an independent finding: one of these indices is built partly from the other, so their agreement is just arithmetic. Informal employment by country | -0.64 | -0.10 | 0.692 | 140 | proxy |
How much the other measures account for
The 71 most widely reported measures boil down to a few broad patterns. This table shows how much of the differences between countries on this measure those patterns account for, adding one pattern at a time. The patterns are rebuilt without this measure, and without anything built from the same numbers or measuring the same thing. So it never predicts itself under another name. The figures use the 133 countries reporting all of them, and 70 candidate measures.
This shows how much it moves with the others. It does not explain anything. Measures that move together end up on the same pattern whether or not anything connects them. And the countries here are the best-documented ones. A high figure means this measure is largely predictable from the others, not that they produce it.
| Patterns used | Share of this measure accounted for | Added by this pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 55% | — |
| 2 | 59% | +4% |
| 3 | 62% | +3% |
| 4 | 62% | +0% |
| 5 | 64% | +1% |
| 6 | 65% | +1% |
This measure sits on the pattern all the measures share, which is national income under another name.
How it differs by category
This compares the measure across groups of countries, such as those sharing a main religion, instead of against another number. The figure is the share of the differences between countries on this measure that lies between the groups, on a scale from 0 to 1. It is shown before and after adjusting for national income.
The “between groups” figure runs from 0 (the groups are no different) to 1 (the groups explain all the differences between countries). Groups have no up or down, so this says how much the groups differ, never which way. For that, read the group averages. The figure also tends to rise when there are more groups. So to judge whether it could be chance (q), we shuffle the same labels among the same countries many times and see how often a figure this big turns up. Then we allow for the fact that many measures are checked at once, since with enough checks a few big figures turn up by luck alone. Groups with fewer than 12 countries are left out. And countries that share a label share a lot else. Adjusting for income rules out one third factor, but leaves language, region, legal tradition and history untouched.
| Grouped by | Between groups | After income | q | Groups at each end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last European coloniser | 0.29 | 0.10 | 0.824 | best: Never a European colony 0.157 · worst: France -0.405 typical gaps (standard deviations) |
| Largest religious group | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.797 | best: Christians 0.117 · worst: Muslims -0.0357 typical gaps (standard deviations) |
Every other pair
Everything else this measure was tested against, apart from the links that hold up and the pairs built from the same numbers. Sorted by the link after adjusting. Search by name; every column sorts. A small adjusted figure is a result too. It says the two do not move together once income is set aside.
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| Labour score and Market-income GiniComparing only countries with similar income it is still -0.62, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Market-income Gini by country | -0.72 | -0.62 | 0.131 | 45 | moderate |
| Labour score and Recycling rateComparing only countries with similar income it is still +0.40, but that could easily be chance once we allow for countries in the same region being alike. Recycling rate by country | +0.54 | +0.40 | 0.132 | 35 | moderate |
| Labour score and Aid givenAlmost no link either way. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Aid given by country | +0.08 | -0.38 | 0.094 | 47 | high |
| Labour score and Gini indexCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gini index by country | -0.45 | -0.36 | 0.225 | 161 | moderate |
| Labour score and Marriage rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate by country | +0.25 | +0.35 | 0.285 | 46 | independent |
| Labour score and Inequality-adjusted HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.33) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Inequality-adjusted HDI by country | +0.75 | +0.33 | 0.163 | 166 | proxy |
| Labour score and Gender wage gapCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender wage gap by country | +0.20 | +0.33 | 0.185 | 38 | independent |
| Labour score and Gender Inequality IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.32) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Inequality Index by country | -0.74 | -0.32 | 0.136 | 169 | proxy |
| Labour score and Homicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Homicide rate by country | -0.29 | -0.31 | 0.267 | 159 | moderate |
| Labour score and Tuberculosis incidenceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.30) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tuberculosis incidence by country | -0.54 | -0.30 | 0.371 | 184 | high |
| Labour score and Health scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health score by country | +0.40 | +0.30 | 0.264 | 181 | moderate |
| Labour score and Life satisfactionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.29) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life satisfaction by country | +0.71 | +0.29 | 0.224 | 159 | proxy |
| Labour score and Women's age at first marriageAlmost no link either way. Women's age at first marriage by country | -0.07 | -0.29 | 0.262 | 40 | moderate |
| Labour score and PISA mathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.28) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA maths by country | +0.69 | +0.28 | 0.376 | 86 | high |
| Labour score and Life expectancyLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.26) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Life expectancy by country | +0.71 | +0.26 | 0.101 | 185 | proxy |
| Labour score and Corporate tax rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Corporate tax rate by country | -0.41 | -0.24 | 0.146 | 81 | moderate |
| Labour score and Government spending per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government spending per capita by country | +0.46 | -0.24 | 0.342 | 43 | proxy |
| Labour score and PISA scienceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.24) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA science by country | +0.67 | +0.24 | 0.421 | 86 | high |
| Labour score and Retirement age, menAlmost no link either way. Retirement age, men by country | -0.06 | +0.23 | 0.598 | 49 | independent |
| Labour score and Male labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Male labor participation by country | +0.15 | +0.23 | 0.271 | 177 | independent |
| Labour score and Women in a unionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in a union by country | -0.14 | +0.23 | 0.386 | 182 | moderate |
| Labour score and CO2 per capitaCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. CO2 per capita by country | +0.44 | +0.22 | 0.132 | 182 | proxy |
| Labour score and Equality scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.22) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Equality score by country | +0.58 | +0.22 | 0.255 | 161 | high |
| Labour score and Median ageLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Median age by country | +0.69 | +0.20 | 0.376 | 185 | proxy |
| Labour score and Trust in governmentAlmost no link either way. Trust in government by country | +0.07 | -0.20 | 0.681 | 47 | moderate |
| Labour score and PISA readingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.20) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. PISA reading by country | +0.65 | +0.20 | 0.442 | 86 | high |
| Labour score and Births outside marriageCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Births outside marriage by country | -0.22 | -0.20 | 0.704 | 42 | independent |
| Labour score and Fixed broadbandLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fixed broadband by country | +0.67 | +0.19 | 0.484 | 185 | proxy |
| Labour score and Government effectivenessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.19) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Government effectiveness by country | +0.67 | +0.19 | 0.405 | 185 | proxy |
| Labour score and Regulatory qualityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Regulatory quality by country | +0.65 | +0.18 | 0.509 | 185 | proxy |
| Labour score and UndernourishmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.18) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Undernourishment by country | -0.61 | -0.18 | 0.074 | 162 | proxy |
| Labour score and Government expenseAlmost no link either way. Government expense by country | +0.08 | -0.17 | 0.400 | 148 | moderate |
| Labour score and DTP3 immunisationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. DTP3 immunisation by country | +0.47 | +0.17 | 0.275 | 181 | moderate |
| Labour score and Female labor participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Female labor participation by country | +0.16 | +0.17 | 0.196 | 177 | independent |
| Labour score and Wellbeing scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Wellbeing score by country | +0.65 | +0.17 | 0.139 | 105 | high |
| Labour score and Population 0-14Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 0-14 by country | -0.69 | -0.17 | 0.369 | 185 | proxy |
| Labour score and PhysiciansLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.17) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Physicians by country | +0.63 | +0.17 | 0.452 | 181 | proxy |
| Labour score and Divorce rateAlmost no link either way. Divorce rate by country | +0.07 | +0.16 | 0.163 | 45 | independent |
| Labour score and Road traffic deathsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.16) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Road traffic deaths by country | -0.56 | -0.16 | 0.447 | 179 | high |
| Labour score and Pre-trial detainee shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Pre-trial detainee share by country | -0.32 | -0.15 | 0.359 | 163 | independent |
| Labour score and Frequent prayerLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.15) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Frequent prayer by country | -0.57 | -0.15 | 0.246 | 77 | high |
| Labour score and Marriage rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Marriage rate (UN) by country | -0.10 | +0.15 | 0.378 | 93 | independent |
| Labour score and Self-reported happinessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Self-reported happiness by country | +0.34 | +0.15 | 0.259 | 105 | moderate |
| Labour score and Active labour market spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Active labour market spending by country | +0.22 | -0.15 | 0.569 | 42 | moderate |
| Labour score and Health coverage indexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.15) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Health coverage index by country | +0.67 | +0.15 | 0.166 | 181 | proxy |
| Labour score and Slum share of urban populationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.15) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Slum share of urban population by country | -0.59 | -0.15 | 0.288 | 178 | high |
| Labour score and Education spendingAlmost no link either way. Education spending by country | -0.03 | -0.14 | 0.348 | 176 | independent |
| Labour score and HDILinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.14) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. HDI by country | +0.71 | +0.14 | 0.101 | 182 | proxy |
| Labour score and UrbanizationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Urbanization by country | +0.39 | -0.14 | 0.490 | 185 | high |
| Labour score and Age at childbearingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Age at childbearing by country | +0.40 | +0.14 | 0.505 | 185 | moderate |
| Labour score and Divorce rate (UN)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Divorce rate (UN) by country | +0.10 | +0.14 | 0.306 | 85 | independent |
| Labour score and Adult obesityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Adult obesity by country | +0.12 | -0.14 | 0.189 | 182 | moderate |
| Labour score and Public social spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Public social spending by country | +0.40 | +0.14 | 0.333 | 42 | moderate |
| Labour score and Tertiary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.14) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Tertiary enrollment by country | +0.61 | +0.14 | 0.542 | 170 | high |
| Labour score and Population 65+Linked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.14) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Population 65+ by country | +0.59 | +0.14 | 0.623 | 185 | high |
| Labour score and Public order spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Public order spending by country | -0.27 | +0.13 | 0.671 | 37 | high |
| Labour score and Hospital bedsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hospital beds by country | +0.45 | +0.13 | 0.479 | 168 | high |
| Labour score and ResearchersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Researchers by country | +0.58 | +0.13 | 0.658 | 131 | proxy |
| Labour score and Adolescent fertilityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adolescent fertility by country | -0.60 | -0.13 | 0.480 | 185 | proxy |
| Labour score and Secondary enrollmentLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.13) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Secondary enrollment by country | +0.51 | -0.13 | 0.126 | 177 | high |
| Labour score and Migrant share of populationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Migrant share of population by country | +0.49 | +0.12 | 0.435 | 185 | high |
| Labour score and Birth rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.12) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth rate by country | -0.66 | -0.12 | 0.423 | 185 | proxy |
| Labour score and Employment in agricultureLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.11) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Employment in agriculture by country | -0.56 | +0.11 | 0.596 | 177 | proxy |
| Labour score and Anaemia in womenLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.11) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Anaemia in women by country | -0.53 | -0.11 | 0.402 | 180 | high |
| Labour score and Religiously unaffiliatedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Religiously unaffiliated by country | +0.39 | +0.11 | 0.312 | 180 | moderate |
| Labour score and Premature NCD mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.11) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Premature NCD mortality by country | -0.54 | -0.11 | 0.679 | 178 | high |
| Labour score and Retirement age, womenAlmost no link either way. Retirement age, women by country | -0.01 | +0.10 | 0.764 | 49 | independent |
| Labour score and Gender Development IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.10) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Gender Development Index by country | +0.51 | +0.10 | 0.555 | 178 | high |
| Labour score and Birth registrationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (+0.10) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Birth registration by country | +0.54 | +0.10 | 0.306 | 163 | proxy |
| Labour score and Political corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, what remains (-0.10) could easily be chance. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Political corruption by country | -0.53 | -0.10 | 0.375 | 167 | high |
| Labour score and Protected landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Protected land by country | +0.22 | +0.10 | 0.316 | 184 | independent |
| Labour score and Corruption Perceptions IndexLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Corruption Perceptions Index by country | +0.56 | +0.09 | 0.657 | 173 | high |
| Labour score and Old-age spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Old-age spending by country | +0.19 | +0.09 | 0.702 | 42 | independent |
| Labour score and Agricultural landCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Agricultural land by country | -0.27 | -0.09 | 0.514 | 184 | independent |
| Labour score and Freedom of associationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of association by country | +0.14 | -0.09 | 0.528 | 167 | moderate |
| Labour score and Basic sanitationLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic sanitation by country | +0.61 | +0.09 | 0.463 | 184 | high |
| Labour score and Internet usersLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Internet users by country | +0.59 | -0.09 | 0.421 | 185 | proxy |
| Labour score and Under-5 mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Under-5 mortality by country | -0.60 | -0.09 | 0.222 | 181 | proxy |
| Labour score and Pupil-teacher ratioLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Pupil-teacher ratio by country | -0.60 | -0.09 | 0.036 | 170 | proxy |
| Labour score and Mobile subscriptionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Mobile subscriptions by country | +0.37 | +0.08 | 0.456 | 185 | moderate |
| Labour score and Rule of lawLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Rule of law by country | +0.55 | +0.08 | 0.681 | 185 | high |
| Labour score and RedistributionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Redistribution by country | +0.49 | +0.08 | 0.716 | 45 | moderate |
| Labour score and Mean years of schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Mean years of schooling by country | +0.62 | +0.08 | 0.661 | 182 | proxy |
| Labour score and Family benefits spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Family benefits spending by country | +0.28 | +0.08 | 0.564 | 42 | independent |
| Labour score and Women's political empowermentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women's political empowerment by country | +0.38 | +0.08 | 0.686 | 167 | moderate |
| Labour score and Christian shareAlmost no link either way. Christian share by country | -0.04 | -0.08 | 0.623 | 180 | independent |
| Labour score and Electricity accessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Electricity access by country | +0.50 | -0.08 | 0.434 | 185 | high |
| Labour score and Government consumptionAlmost no link either way. Government consumption by country | +0.04 | -0.08 | 0.464 | 170 | independent |
| Labour score and Freedom of expressionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Freedom of expression by country | +0.12 | -0.08 | 0.555 | 167 | moderate |
| Labour score and Suicide rateCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Suicide rate by country | +0.10 | -0.08 | 0.787 | 178 | independent |
| Labour score and Hours workedCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Hours worked by country | -0.40 | +0.07 | 0.509 | 38 | high |
| Labour score and Military spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Military spending by country | +0.12 | +0.07 | 0.458 | 155 | independent |
| Labour score and One-person householdsLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. One-person households by country | +0.53 | +0.07 | 0.686 | 145 | high |
| Labour score and Political civil libertiesCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political civil liberties by country | +0.15 | -0.07 | 0.620 | 167 | moderate |
| Labour score and Primary enrollmentAlmost no link either way. Primary enrollment by country | -0.08 | -0.07 | 0.666 | 181 | independent |
| Labour score and Out-of-pocket health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out-of-pocket health spending by country | -0.20 | +0.07 | 0.725 | 181 | moderate |
| Labour score and Control of corruptionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Control of corruption by country | +0.54 | +0.06 | 0.763 | 185 | high |
| Labour score and Tax revenueCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tax revenue by country | +0.18 | -0.06 | 0.571 | 147 | moderate |
| Labour score and Basic water accessLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Basic water access by country | +0.54 | -0.06 | 0.504 | 184 | proxy |
| Labour score and Political stabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political stability by country | +0.45 | +0.06 | 0.531 | 185 | moderate |
| Labour score and FDI inflowsAlmost no link either way. FDI inflows by country | +0.07 | +0.06 | 0.376 | 183 | independent |
| Labour score and InflationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Inflation by country | -0.13 | -0.05 | 0.552 | 180 | independent |
| Labour score and Civil society participationCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil society participation by country | +0.11 | -0.05 | 0.626 | 167 | independent |
| Labour score and Population growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Population growth by country | -0.31 | +0.05 | 0.683 | 185 | moderate |
| Labour score and Conflict deathsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Conflict deaths by country | -0.13 | -0.05 | 0.580 | 181 | moderate |
| Labour score and Political rights (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Political rights (FH) by country | -0.29 | +0.05 | 0.790 | 182 | moderate |
| Labour score and Interpersonal trustCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Interpersonal trust by country | +0.47 | +0.05 | 0.462 | 105 | high |
| Labour score and Adult literacyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Adult literacy by country | +0.47 | -0.04 | 0.541 | 132 | high |
| Labour score and Primary completionLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Primary completion by country | +0.51 | -0.04 | 0.728 | 161 | proxy |
| Labour score and Religion very importantLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religion very important by country | -0.51 | -0.04 | 0.861 | 105 | high |
| Labour score and Civil liberties (FH)Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Civil liberties (FH) by country | -0.31 | +0.04 | 0.761 | 182 | moderate |
| Labour score and Infrastructure scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Infrastructure score by country | +0.66 | +0.04 | 0.730 | 185 | proxy |
| Labour score and Religious attendanceLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Religious attendance by country | -0.53 | -0.04 | 0.802 | 103 | high |
| Labour score and Compulsory schoolingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Compulsory schooling by country | +0.25 | -0.04 | 0.594 | 174 | moderate |
| Labour score and Maternal mortalityLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Maternal mortality by country | -0.52 | -0.04 | 0.770 | 182 | proxy |
| Labour score and Expected schoolingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Expected schooling by country | +0.58 | +0.04 | 0.761 | 182 | proxy |
| Labour score and Extreme poverty rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Extreme poverty rate by country | -0.51 | +0.03 | 0.734 | 161 | proxy |
| Labour score and Married by 18Could easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Married by 18 by country | -0.35 | +0.03 | 0.879 | 134 | moderate |
| Labour score and Health spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Health spending by country | +0.11 | -0.03 | 0.893 | 181 | independent |
| Labour score and Women in managementCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in management by country | +0.22 | +0.03 | 0.833 | 147 | moderate |
| Labour score and Fertility rateLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Fertility rate by country | -0.61 | -0.03 | 0.821 | 185 | proxy |
| Labour score and Tobacco useCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Tobacco use by country | +0.11 | -0.03 | 0.825 | 163 | independent |
| Labour score and Women ministersCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women ministers by country | +0.13 | -0.03 | 0.735 | 180 | independent |
| Labour score and Trade opennessCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Trade openness by country | +0.30 | -0.03 | 0.806 | 171 | moderate |
| Labour score and Child stuntingLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Child stunting by country | -0.53 | -0.03 | 0.822 | 155 | proxy |
| Labour score and Environment scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Environment score by country | -0.23 | +0.03 | 0.834 | 184 | moderate |
| Labour score and Skilled birth attendanceCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Skilled birth attendance by country | +0.47 | -0.02 | 0.736 | 171 | high |
| Labour score and Refugees originatingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Refugees originating by country | -0.20 | -0.02 | 0.343 | 183 | moderate |
| Labour score and Voice and accountabilityCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Voice and accountability by country | +0.39 | -0.02 | 0.874 | 185 | moderate |
| Labour score and Unemployment benefit spendingCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Unemployment benefit spending by country | +0.10 | -0.02 | 0.901 | 39 | moderate |
| Labour score and Single-parent householdsAlmost no link either way. Single-parent households by country | -0.02 | +0.02 | 0.896 | 145 | independent |
| Labour score and Electoral democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Electoral democracy by country | +0.33 | -0.02 | 0.886 | 167 | moderate |
| Labour score and Confidence in religious institutionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Confidence in religious institutions by country | -0.37 | +0.02 | 0.947 | 105 | moderate |
| Labour score and Alcohol consumptionCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Alcohol consumption by country | +0.36 | +0.02 | 0.874 | 178 | moderate |
| Labour score and Out of school, primaryCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Out of school, primary by country | -0.35 | -0.01 | 0.802 | 176 | moderate |
| Labour score and Participatory democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Participatory democracy by country | +0.34 | -0.01 | 0.915 | 167 | moderate |
| Labour score and Gender scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Gender score by country | +0.23 | -0.01 | 0.937 | 178 | moderate |
| Labour score and Free and fair electionsCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Free and fair elections by country | +0.42 | +0.01 | 0.884 | 167 | high |
| Labour score and Forest areaAlmost no link either way. Forest area by country | +0.05 | -0.01 | 0.971 | 183 | independent |
| Labour score and Children with one parentAlmost no link either way. Children with one parent by country | +0.04 | +0.01 | 0.961 | 38 | independent |
| Labour score and Women in parliamentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Women in parliament by country | +0.16 | +0.01 | 0.950 | 180 | independent |
| Labour score and Liberal democracyCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Liberal democracy by country | +0.39 | +0.00 | 0.971 | 167 | moderate |
| Labour score and Education scoreLinked across countries, but mostly as richer countries differ from poorer ones: comparing only countries with similar income, almost nothing remains. Both mostly measure national income in another way, so only the adjusted figure is worth reading. Education score by country | +0.59 | +0.00 | 0.972 | 182 | proxy |
| Labour score and Governance scoreCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Governance score by country | +0.36 | -0.00 | 0.985 | 169 | moderate |
| Labour score and Regime typeCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Regime type by country | +0.35 | +0.00 | 0.987 | 167 | moderate |
| Labour score and Armed conflict presentCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Armed conflict present by country | -0.29 | -0.00 | 0.980 | 181 | moderate |
| Labour score and GDP growthCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. GDP growth by country | -0.14 | -0.00 | 0.990 | 185 | moderate |
| Labour score and Muslim shareCould easily be chance once only countries with similar income are compared. Muslim share by country | -0.17 | -0.00 | 0.993 | 180 | independent |
| Labour score and GDP per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (PPP) by country | +0.68 | — | — | 185 | proxy |
| Labour score and GNI per capita (PPP)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GNI per capita (PPP) by country | +0.70 | — | — | 184 | proxy |
| Labour score and GDP per capita (market)One side of this pair is national income itself, the thing the other figures adjust for. Adjusting income for income leaves nothing, so there is no adjusted figure. The unadjusted link shows how closely the other measure follows income. GDP per capita (market) by country | +0.60 | — | — | 185 | proxy |
Source
PlaceStats · via PlaceStats
Derived work; each member keeps its own licence · updated recomputed with the panel
un_sdg; wdi