placestats

Largest religious group: Christians. These are labels that describe the country, not numbers, so they are never compared with other measures. The numbers behind them, such as population shares, are.

Romania

Against high income countries, Romania ranks 14th of 47 on equality and 57th of 63 on health. Each ranking counts only the countries that report that score, so the totals differ and the two ranks can’t be compared directly. Both compare Romania with countries of similar wealth. That is the only kind of ranking that tells you something a ranking by income does not already show.

How it has changed

Every measure Romania reports, over all the years it has been published. Pick one. Hover or use the arrow keys to read a year. Gaps in a line are years with no data. They are left open, not filled in.

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Scores by area

Each score averages the measures in one area, such as health. Each measure is first put on a common scale and turned so that higher is always better. Zero is the average country in an average year. One point is a typical gap between countries (a standard deviation), so +1 means about one typical gap above average. These are summaries, not measurements. See how the country scores are built and how the topic scores compare with each other.

ScoreValueRank, all countriesRank, similar incomeMostly income?
Governance score 2025+0.7557 of 17945 of 58moderate +0.53
Health score 2024-0.42157 of 19357 of 63moderate +0.32
Education score 2023+0.58100 of 19959 of 72proxy +0.81
Wellbeing score 2022+0.2050 of 11038 of 49high +0.80
Equality score 2023+0.7129 of 16514 of 47high +0.64
Infrastructure score 2024+1.4538 of 21036 of 80proxy +0.90
Gender score 2024+0.29107 of 18645 of 58moderate +0.37
Environment score 2024+0.0396 of 21334 of 83moderate -0.33
Labour score 2025+0.6448 of 19544 of 67high +0.79

The last column shows how closely each score just tracks national income. The number is its link with GDP per person (the value of everything a country produces, divided by its people), from −1 to +1. A score marked proxy is mostly a measure of how rich the country is. Its rank among all countries says little that GDP per person does not. That is why the rank among similar-income countries sits beside it.

The measures behind them

Every measure reported for Romania, grouped by area. Some measures have no agreed better direction, such as population growth, inflation and military spending. They are listed here but left out of every score, since there is no fair way to say which way is better. Some names use technical terms: PPP means adjusted for what money buys in each country, HDI is a United Nations score combining life expectancy, schooling and income, and a Gini indexmeasures how unequally income is shared. Each measure’s own page explains it.

crime

Public order spending2.67%% of GDP2023no agreed direction
Conflict deaths0per 100,000 people2025higher is worse
Armed conflict present01 if any conflict, else 02025higher is worse
Homicide rate1.12per 100,000 population2024higher is worse

culture

Religious attendance46%% of respondents2022no agreed direction
Religion very important48.2%% of respondents2022no agreed direction
Frequent prayer65.2%% of respondents2022no agreed direction
Confidence in religious institutions69.3%% of respondents2022no agreed direction
Divorce rate1.2divorces per 1,000 people2022no agreed direction
Births outside marriage32.5%% of live births2020no agreed direction
Women's age at first marriage27.3years2020no agreed direction
Marriage rate6.2marriages per 1,000 people2022no agreed direction
Children with one parent11%% of children aged 0-172023no agreed direction
Religiously unaffiliated0.94%% of population2020no agreed direction
Christian share98.5%% of population2020no agreed direction
Muslim share0.356%% of population2020no agreed direction
Single-parent households8.38%% of households2011no agreed direction
One-person households26%% of households2011no agreed direction
Women in a union56%% of women aged 15-492021no agreed direction
Marriage rate (UN)5.32marriages per 1,000 people2024no agreed direction
Divorce rate (UN)1.09divorces per 1,000 people2024no agreed direction

demography

Median age42.6years2023no agreed direction
Age at childbearing28.1years2023no agreed direction
Population19,020,271people2025no agreed direction
Population growth-0.166%% per year2025no agreed direction
Urbanization52.2%% of population2025no agreed direction
Population 65+20.1%% of population2025no agreed direction
Population 0-1415.6%% of population2025no agreed direction
Fertility rate1.39births per woman2024no agreed direction
Birth rate7.5per 1,000 people2024no agreed direction
Net migration-29,041people2025no agreed direction
Migrant share of population3.4%% of population2024no agreed direction

economy

Public social spending17.6%% of GDP2021no agreed direction
Family benefits spending2.27%% of GDP2021no agreed direction
Old-age spending8.18%% of GDP2021no agreed direction
Aid given0.135%% of GNI2025no agreed direction
Government spending per capita$21,349current international dollars2024no agreed direction
Corporate tax rate16%% of profit2018no agreed direction
HDI0.845index, 0 to 12023higher is better
Inequality-adjusted HDI0.758index, 0 to 12023higher is better
GDP per capita (PPP)$40,846international $2025higher is better
GNI per capita (PPP)$42,050international $2025higher is better
GDP per capita (market)$12,565US$2025higher is better
GDP growth0.678%% per year2025no agreed direction
Inflation7.19%% per year2025no agreed direction
Trade openness76.2%% of GDP2025no agreed direction
FDI inflows2.19%% of GDP2025no agreed direction
Tax revenue16.2%% of GDP2024no agreed direction
Government consumption17.3%% of GDP2025no agreed direction
Government expense37.3%% of GDP2022no agreed direction
Military spending2.3%% of GDP2024no agreed direction
Employment in agriculture10.9%% of employment2025no agreed direction

education

PISA maths428PISA points2022higher is better
PISA reading428PISA points2022higher is better
PISA science428PISA points2022higher is better
Primary completion99.1%% of children2025higher is better
Expected schooling14.1years2023higher is better
Mean years of schooling11.6years2023higher is better
Education spending3.28%% of GDP2022no agreed direction
Primary enrollment84.9%% gross2023higher is better
Secondary enrollment81.6%% gross2023higher is better
Tertiary enrollment55.2%% gross2023higher is better
Adult literacy99.2%% of adults2021higher is better
Compulsory schooling10years2025no agreed direction
Out of school, primary15.6%% of primary-age children2023higher is worse
Pupil-teacher ratio19.3pupils per teacher2017higher is worse
Researchers1,082per million people2023higher is better

environment

CO2 per capita3.72t CO2e per capita2024higher is worse
Forest area30.1%% of land area2023higher is better
Agricultural land55.3%% of land area2023no agreed direction
Protected land24.6%% of land area2025higher is better

gender

Gender Inequality Index0.227index, 0 to 12023higher is worse
Gender Development Index0.986ratio of women's HDI to men's2023no agreed direction
Women's political empowerment0.872index (0-1)2025higher is better
Women ministers12.5%% of ministers2024higher is better
Women in parliament22.4%% of seats2025higher is better
Women in management34.7%% of managers2024higher is better
Married by 186.9%% of women aged 20-242021higher is worse

governance

Corruption Perceptions Index46index (0-100, higher = cleaner)2024higher is better
Political rights (FH)2rating (1-7, 1 = most free)2025higher is worse
Civil liberties (FH)2rating (1-7, 1 = most free)2025higher is worse
Trust in government25.5%% of respondents2024higher is better
Pre-trial detainee share9.22%% of prisoners2024higher is worse
Refugees originating15.4per 100,000 people2024higher is worse
Electoral democracy0.605index (0-1)2025higher is better
Liberal democracy0.464index (0-1)2025higher is better
Participatory democracy0.416index (0-1)2025higher is better
Free and fair elections0.658index (0-1)2025higher is better
Regime type2regime category (0-3)2025higher is better
Political corruption0.419index (0-1)2025higher is worse
Freedom of expression0.777index (0-1)2025higher is better
Freedom of association0.806index (0-1)2025higher is better
Political civil liberties0.838index (0-1)2025higher is better
Civil society participation0.656index (0-1)2025higher is better
Birth registration100%% of children under 52020higher is better
Control of corruption0.026index (approx. -2.5 to 2.5)2024higher is better
Rule of law0.371index (approx. -2.5 to 2.5)2024higher is better
Government effectiveness0.418index (approx. -2.5 to 2.5)2024higher is better
Regulatory quality0.383index (approx. -2.5 to 2.5)2024higher is better
Voice and accountability0.387index (approx. -2.5 to 2.5)2024higher is better
Political stability0.159index (approx. -2.5 to 2.5)2024higher is better

health

Life expectancy76.5years2024higher is better
Infant mortality6per 1,000 live births2024higher is worse
Under-5 mortality7.3per 1,000 live births2024higher is worse
Health spending5.71%% of GDP2023no agreed direction
Suicide rate9.62per 100,0002021higher is worse
Hospital beds7.23per 1,000 people2022no agreed direction
Basic water access100%% of population2024higher is better
Basic sanitation90.5%% of population2024higher is better
Child stunting7%% of children under 52024higher is worse
Adolescent fertility32.8births per 1,000 women aged 15-192024higher is worse
Maternal mortality12per 100,000 live births2023higher is worse
Skilled birth attendance93%% of births2020higher is better
Alcohol consumption16.8litres per adult per year2020no agreed direction
Tobacco use29.7%% of adults2024higher is worse
Road traffic deaths10.3per 100,000 population2019higher is worse
Physicians3.63per 1,000 people2022higher is better
DTP3 immunisation79%% of children aged 12-23 months2024higher is better
HIV prevalence0.2%% of adults aged 15-492024higher is worse
Tuberculosis incidence60per 100,000 people2024higher is worse
Premature NCD mortality21.5%% probability, ages 30-702021higher is worse
Anaemia in women24.3%% of women aged 15-492023higher is worse
Out-of-pocket health spending23%% of health spending2023higher is worse
Undernourishment2.5%% of population2023higher is worse
Food insecurity18.6%% of population2023higher is worse
Adult obesity32.4%% of adults2024higher is worse
Health coverage index77index, 0 to 1002023higher is better

inequality

Market-income Gini0.455index, 0 to 12023higher is worse
Redistribution38.1%% reduction in the Gini2023no agreed direction
Gini index29.8index (0-100)2023higher is worse
Extreme poverty rate0.7%% of population2023higher is worse

infrastructure

Internet users91.3%% of population2024higher is better
Mobile subscriptions120per 100 people2024higher is better
Electricity access100%% of population2024higher is better
Slum share of urban population2.52%% of urban population2022higher is worse
Fixed broadband35.8per 100 people2024higher is better

labor

Active labour market spending0.042%% of GDP2021no agreed direction
Unemployment benefit spending0.117%% of GDP2021no agreed direction
Retirement age, men68.8years2018no agreed direction
Retirement age, women67.1years2018no agreed direction
Informal employment2.21%% of employment2024higher is worse
Unemployment5.99%% of labor force2025higher is worse
Female labor participation41.8%% of women 15+2025no agreed direction
Male labor participation61.7%% of men 15+2025no agreed direction
Youth not in work or study17%% of 15 to 24 year olds2024higher is worse
Vulnerable employment13%% of employment2025higher is worse

wellbeing

Interpersonal trust12.1%% of respondents2022higher is better
Self-reported happiness77.9%% of respondents2022higher is better
Life satisfaction6.63score (0-10)2025higher is better

Values are the most recent in 2010–2025, and different measures can come from different years. The year is shown beside each. Nothing here ranks countries by merit. An area score averages whatever measures its publishers happen to collect, and the choice of what to collect is itself a judgement made by someone else. All countries · How the country data works

Countries to compare with Romania

Also in Europe & Central Asia: Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkiye, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan.

Also high income, in other regions: American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Australia, Bahamas, The, Bahrain, Barbados, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Cayman Islands, Chile, Costa Rica, Curacao, French Polynesia, Guam, Guyana, Hong Kong SAR, China, Israel, Japan, Korea, Rep., Kuwait, Macao SAR, China, Malta, Naoero, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Northern Mariana Islands, Oman, Palau, Panama, Puerto Rico (US), Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore, Sint Maarten (Dutch part), St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Martin (French part), and more on the full list of countries.