placestats

Countries With the Lowest Researchers

Every country with a figure for researchers, ranked from lowest to highest. The top three are Guatemala (1.45), Congo, Dem. Rep. (10.1) and Angola (18.9). The middle country of the 134 has 764.

What this measures

Researchers in R&D (per million people). Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. For this measure, higher is better.

Researchers counted as full-time equivalents (two half-time researchers count as one), from national research surveys that many countries run only now and then. So coverage is thin outside the OECD.

This measure mostly follows how rich a country is, so this ranking is close to a ranking by national income. Each country’s page also ranks it against countries with similar incomes, which is often the fairer comparison.

The full ranking

Each country’s latest figure, from 2010–2024. The year beside each value says when it was measured.

RankCountryResearchersYearRegion
1Guatemala1.452023Latin America & Caribbean
2Congo, Dem. Rep.10.12015Sub-Saharan Africa
3Angola18.92016Sub-Saharan Africa
4Tanzania19.32013Sub-Saharan Africa
5Dominican Republic202022Latin America & Caribbean
6Nigeria22.12019Sub-Saharan Africa
7Burundi22.52018Sub-Saharan Africa
8Malawi25.22019Sub-Saharan Africa
9Mali262023Sub-Saharan Africa
10Niger26.92013Sub-Saharan Africa
11Myanmar282023East Asia & Pacific
12Cambodia30.42015East Asia & Pacific
13Lesotho32.22023Sub-Saharan Africa
14Madagascar32.92018Sub-Saharan Africa
15Papua New Guinea33.22016East Asia & Pacific
16Mozambique44.42015Sub-Saharan Africa
17Burkina Faso46.62010Sub-Saharan Africa
18Gambia, The50.92018Sub-Saharan Africa
19El Salvador55.52023Latin America & Caribbean
20Chad56.72016Sub-Saharan Africa
21Togo57.82024Sub-Saharan Africa
22Bolivia63.12021Latin America & Caribbean
23Uganda81.32023Sub-Saharan Africa
24Ghana87.52015Sub-Saharan Africa
25Ethiopia892017Sub-Saharan Africa
26Colombia90.22017Latin America & Caribbean
27Sri Lanka94.52022South Asia
28Zimbabwe95.12012Sub-Saharan Africa
29Cabo Verde1252014Sub-Saharan Africa
30Congo, Rep.1272022Sub-Saharan Africa
31Rwanda1332023Sub-Saharan Africa
32Eswatini1382015Sub-Saharan Africa
33Paraguay1392023Latin America & Caribbean
34Syrian Arab Republic1402022Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
35Kuwait1452024Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
36Iraq1642021Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
37Botswana1802013Sub-Saharan Africa
38Venezuela, RB1802023Latin America & Caribbean
39Honduras1882019Latin America & Caribbean
40Namibia2252022Sub-Saharan Africa
41Bhutan2362024South Asia
42Panama2502024Latin America & Caribbean
43India2592020South Asia
44Philippines3202020East Asia & Pacific
45Puerto Rico (US)3322015Latin America & Caribbean
46Kenya3842024Sub-Saharan Africa
47Indonesia3952020East Asia & Pacific
48Ecuador4002014Latin America & Caribbean
49Albania4292022Europe & Central Asia
50Mexico4382024Latin America & Caribbean
51South Africa4442022Sub-Saharan Africa
52Pakistan4742023Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
53Trinidad and Tobago4932022Latin America & Caribbean
54Brunei Darussalam5062022East Asia & Pacific
55Costa Rica5082023Latin America & Caribbean
56Mongolia5352022East Asia & Pacific
57Senegal5722015Sub-Saharan Africa
58Jordan5762017Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
59West Bank and Gaza5842013Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
60Ukraine5862022Europe & Central Asia
61Uzbekistan6402024Europe & Central Asia
62Moldova6502024Europe & Central Asia
63Mauritius6892024Sub-Saharan Africa
64Bosnia and Herzegovina7052024Europe & Central Asia
65Chile7072022Latin America & Caribbean
66Oman7392024Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
67Kazakhstan7582024Europe & Central Asia
68Montenegro7642019Europe & Central Asia
69Viet Nam8362023East Asia & Pacific
70Bahrain8492024Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
71North Macedonia8882024Europe & Central Asia
72Brazil9032014Latin America & Caribbean
73Uruguay9382024Latin America & Caribbean
74Armenia9422024Europe & Central Asia
75Qatar9482021Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
76Romania1,0822023Europe & Central Asia
77Morocco1,0832016Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
78Egypt, Arab Rep.1,1202024Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
79Malaysia1,2182022East Asia & Pacific
80Saudi Arabia1,2352024Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
81Argentina1,3132023Latin America & Caribbean
82Belarus1,5682024Europe & Central Asia
83Thailand1,5922023East Asia & Pacific
84Azerbaijan1,6632024Europe & Central Asia
85Tunisia1,6682024Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
86Cyprus1,6862023Europe & Central Asia
87Algeria1,7642024Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
88Georgia1,8962024Europe & Central Asia
89China2,1072023East Asia & Pacific
90Cuba2,1712024Latin America & Caribbean
91Latvia2,1912023Europe & Central Asia
92Iran, Islamic Rep.2,2402021Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
93Malta2,3552023Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
94Bulgaria2,4012023Europe & Central Asia
95Croatia2,4402023Europe & Central Asia
96United Arab Emirates2,6072021Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
97Russian Federation2,6392024Europe & Central Asia
98Turkiye2,6452023Europe & Central Asia
99Serbia2,6882024Europe & Central Asia
100Italy2,8552023Europe & Central Asia
101Slovak Republic3,5072023Europe & Central Asia
102Spain3,6542023Europe & Central Asia
103Poland3,6752023Europe & Central Asia
104Lithuania3,7042023Europe & Central Asia
105United Kingdom4,4732017Europe & Central Asia
106Czechia4,5052023Europe & Central Asia
107Hungary4,5672023Europe & Central Asia
108Australia4,5692010East Asia & Pacific
109Macao SAR, China4,6342024East Asia & Pacific
110Estonia4,8002023Europe & Central Asia
111United States4,9372022North America
112Greece5,2832023Europe & Central Asia
113Luxembourg5,3592023Europe & Central Asia
114France5,3692023Europe & Central Asia
115New Zealand5,4352023East Asia & Pacific
116Japan5,6092023East Asia & Pacific
117Slovenia5,6162023Europe & Central Asia
118Canada5,6242022North America
119Ireland5,7532023Europe & Central Asia
120Hong Kong SAR, China5,8742024East Asia & Pacific
121Germany5,9262023Europe & Central Asia
122Iceland5,9532023Europe & Central Asia
123Portugal5,9832023Europe & Central Asia
124Belgium5,9902023Europe & Central Asia
125Switzerland6,1082023Europe & Central Asia
126Netherlands6,5632023Europe & Central Asia
127Austria6,6342023Europe & Central Asia
128Norway7,4512023Europe & Central Asia
129Finland8,3152023Europe & Central Asia
130Singapore8,7822022East Asia & Pacific
131Denmark8,8382023Europe & Central Asia
132Sweden8,9112023Europe & Central Asia
133Korea, Rep.9,4722023East Asia & Pacific
134Liechtenstein18,1302023Europe & Central Asia

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A ranking describes countries, not the people in them, and a high or low place does not by itself say why. All country rankings.