Countries With the Lowest Researchers
Every country with a figure for researchers, ranked from lowest to highest. The top three are Guatemala (1.45), Congo, Dem. Rep. (10.1) and Angola (18.9). The middle country of the 134 has 764.
What this measures
Researchers in R&D (per million people). Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. For this measure, higher is better.
Researchers counted as full-time equivalents (two half-time researchers count as one), from national research surveys that many countries run only now and then. So coverage is thin outside the OECD.
This measure mostly follows how rich a country is, so this ranking is close to a ranking by national income. Each country’s page also ranks it against countries with similar incomes, which is often the fairer comparison.
The full ranking
Each country’s latest figure, from 2010–2024. The year beside each value says when it was measured.
| Rank | Country | Researchers | Year | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Guatemala | 1.45 | 2023 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 2 | Congo, Dem. Rep. | 10.1 | 2015 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 3 | Angola | 18.9 | 2016 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 4 | Tanzania | 19.3 | 2013 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 5 | Dominican Republic | 20 | 2022 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 6 | Nigeria | 22.1 | 2019 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 7 | Burundi | 22.5 | 2018 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 8 | Malawi | 25.2 | 2019 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 9 | Mali | 26 | 2023 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 10 | Niger | 26.9 | 2013 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 11 | Myanmar | 28 | 2023 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 12 | Cambodia | 30.4 | 2015 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 13 | Lesotho | 32.2 | 2023 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 14 | Madagascar | 32.9 | 2018 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 15 | Papua New Guinea | 33.2 | 2016 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 16 | Mozambique | 44.4 | 2015 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 17 | Burkina Faso | 46.6 | 2010 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 18 | Gambia, The | 50.9 | 2018 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 19 | El Salvador | 55.5 | 2023 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 20 | Chad | 56.7 | 2016 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 21 | Togo | 57.8 | 2024 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 22 | Bolivia | 63.1 | 2021 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 23 | Uganda | 81.3 | 2023 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 24 | Ghana | 87.5 | 2015 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 25 | Ethiopia | 89 | 2017 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 26 | Colombia | 90.2 | 2017 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 27 | Sri Lanka | 94.5 | 2022 | South Asia |
| 28 | Zimbabwe | 95.1 | 2012 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 29 | Cabo Verde | 125 | 2014 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 30 | Congo, Rep. | 127 | 2022 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 31 | Rwanda | 133 | 2023 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 32 | Eswatini | 138 | 2015 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 33 | Paraguay | 139 | 2023 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 34 | Syrian Arab Republic | 140 | 2022 | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan |
| 35 | Kuwait | 145 | 2024 | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan |
| 36 | Iraq | 164 | 2021 | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan |
| 37 | Botswana | 180 | 2013 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 38 | Venezuela, RB | 180 | 2023 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 39 | Honduras | 188 | 2019 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 40 | Namibia | 225 | 2022 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 41 | Bhutan | 236 | 2024 | South Asia |
| 42 | Panama | 250 | 2024 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 43 | India | 259 | 2020 | South Asia |
| 44 | Philippines | 320 | 2020 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 45 | Puerto Rico (US) | 332 | 2015 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 46 | Kenya | 384 | 2024 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 47 | Indonesia | 395 | 2020 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 48 | Ecuador | 400 | 2014 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 49 | Albania | 429 | 2022 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 50 | Mexico | 438 | 2024 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 51 | South Africa | 444 | 2022 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 52 | Pakistan | 474 | 2023 | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan |
| 53 | Trinidad and Tobago | 493 | 2022 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 54 | Brunei Darussalam | 506 | 2022 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 55 | Costa Rica | 508 | 2023 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 56 | Mongolia | 535 | 2022 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 57 | Senegal | 572 | 2015 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 58 | Jordan | 576 | 2017 | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan |
| 59 | West Bank and Gaza | 584 | 2013 | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan |
| 60 | Ukraine | 586 | 2022 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 61 | Uzbekistan | 640 | 2024 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 62 | Moldova | 650 | 2024 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 63 | Mauritius | 689 | 2024 | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 64 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 705 | 2024 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 65 | Chile | 707 | 2022 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 66 | Oman | 739 | 2024 | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan |
| 67 | Kazakhstan | 758 | 2024 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 68 | Montenegro | 764 | 2019 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 69 | Viet Nam | 836 | 2023 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 70 | Bahrain | 849 | 2024 | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan |
| 71 | North Macedonia | 888 | 2024 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 72 | Brazil | 903 | 2014 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 73 | Uruguay | 938 | 2024 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 74 | Armenia | 942 | 2024 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 75 | Qatar | 948 | 2021 | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan |
| 76 | Romania | 1,082 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 77 | Morocco | 1,083 | 2016 | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan |
| 78 | Egypt, Arab Rep. | 1,120 | 2024 | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan |
| 79 | Malaysia | 1,218 | 2022 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 80 | Saudi Arabia | 1,235 | 2024 | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan |
| 81 | Argentina | 1,313 | 2023 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 82 | Belarus | 1,568 | 2024 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 83 | Thailand | 1,592 | 2023 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 84 | Azerbaijan | 1,663 | 2024 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 85 | Tunisia | 1,668 | 2024 | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan |
| 86 | Cyprus | 1,686 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 87 | Algeria | 1,764 | 2024 | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan |
| 88 | Georgia | 1,896 | 2024 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 89 | China | 2,107 | 2023 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 90 | Cuba | 2,171 | 2024 | Latin America & Caribbean |
| 91 | Latvia | 2,191 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 92 | Iran, Islamic Rep. | 2,240 | 2021 | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan |
| 93 | Malta | 2,355 | 2023 | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan |
| 94 | Bulgaria | 2,401 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 95 | Croatia | 2,440 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 96 | United Arab Emirates | 2,607 | 2021 | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan |
| 97 | Russian Federation | 2,639 | 2024 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 98 | Turkiye | 2,645 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 99 | Serbia | 2,688 | 2024 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 100 | Italy | 2,855 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 101 | Slovak Republic | 3,507 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 102 | Spain | 3,654 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 103 | Poland | 3,675 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 104 | Lithuania | 3,704 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 105 | United Kingdom | 4,473 | 2017 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 106 | Czechia | 4,505 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 107 | Hungary | 4,567 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 108 | Australia | 4,569 | 2010 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 109 | Macao SAR, China | 4,634 | 2024 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 110 | Estonia | 4,800 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 111 | United States | 4,937 | 2022 | North America |
| 112 | Greece | 5,283 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 113 | Luxembourg | 5,359 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 114 | France | 5,369 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 115 | New Zealand | 5,435 | 2023 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 116 | Japan | 5,609 | 2023 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 117 | Slovenia | 5,616 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 118 | Canada | 5,624 | 2022 | North America |
| 119 | Ireland | 5,753 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 120 | Hong Kong SAR, China | 5,874 | 2024 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 121 | Germany | 5,926 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 122 | Iceland | 5,953 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 123 | Portugal | 5,983 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 124 | Belgium | 5,990 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 125 | Switzerland | 6,108 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 126 | Netherlands | 6,563 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 127 | Austria | 6,634 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 128 | Norway | 7,451 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 129 | Finland | 8,315 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 130 | Singapore | 8,782 | 2022 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 131 | Denmark | 8,838 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 132 | Sweden | 8,911 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
| 133 | Korea, Rep. | 9,472 | 2023 | East Asia & Pacific |
| 134 | Liechtenstein | 18,130 | 2023 | Europe & Central Asia |
More on researchers
Related rankings
- Countries With the Lowest PISA Maths
- Countries With the Lowest PISA Reading
- Countries With the Lowest PISA Science
- Countries With the Lowest Primary Completion
- Countries With the Lowest Expected Schooling
- Countries With the Lowest Mean Years of Schooling
- Countries With the Lowest Education Spending
- Countries With the Lowest Primary Enrollment
A ranking describes countries, not the people in them, and a high or low place does not by itself say why. All country rankings.