Pennsylvania
Population13.0m
Counties67county-level areas on the 2024 Census map
Density112.0people per km² of land
Median household income$76,08158th percentile of states
How it has changed
The state’s own figures from 2010 to 2024. A measure published for only one year shows as a single point instead of a line.
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The state figure, and the range across its counties
The state figure is the one its own agency publishes. It is never an average of the counties. You cannot average medians (middle values) to get a new median, and a rate has to be worked out again from the added-up counts. The county range next to it shows what a single state number has to hide.
Sometimes fewer counties report than the state has. The missing ones were held back because their counts were too small to publish — mostly deaths. A range from only part of the state is not the state’s full range. It can even sit entirely above or below the state figure. So the number of counties reporting is shown next to it.
You can sort by any column. 29 of these 166 measures have a clear better end, and those are ranked best first. For example, the lowest infant death rate is first place, and so is the highest life expectancy. The rest have no better end, so they are ranked highest first, and the cell says “highest” instead of “best”. A state is not winning or losing by how much of its tax comes from severance taxes (taxes on oil, gas and minerals taken from the ground).
| Alcohol-involved share of driving deaths | 0.254% | 16th best of 51 | 0% | 0.27% | 0.594% | 63 |
| Arrivals per 100 people staying | 2.01 | 44th highest of 51 | 2.08 | 4.14 | 8.4 | 67 |
| Arrivals per 100 staying, $200,000 or more | 1.59 | 40th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Births per 1,000 women aged 15 to 50 | 50.8 | 33rd highest of 52 | 29.5 | 51.8 | 82.7 | 65 |
| Black Protestant adherents | 1.3 | 27th highest of 51 | 0 | 0.17 | 5.5 | 67 |
| Black-white residential segregation | 72 | 7th highest of 51 | 27.1 | 60.4 | 81.3 | 57 |
| Business closing rate | 8.16 | 46th highest of 51 | 4.25 | 7.42 | 11.2 | 67 |
| Business opening rate | 8.26 | 51st highest of 51 | 4.71 | 7.56 | 11.3 | 67 |
| Catholic adherents | 21.9 | 11th highest of 51 | 1.08 | 13.8 | 44.6 | 67 |
| Child mortality | 50.3 | 19th best of 51 | 30 | 50.6 | 75.6 | 58 |
| Child poverty rate, ages 0-17 | 15.5% | 31st best of 51 | 6.5% | 17% | 29.3% | 67 |
| Children in single-parent households | 0.253% | 22nd highest of 51 | 0.0956% | 0.21% | 0.475% | 67 |
| Congregations per 10,000 people | 11.6 | 27th highest of 51 | 6.03 | 17.2 | 33.7 | 67 |
| Departures per 100 people staying | 2.17 | 45th highest of 51 | 2.14 | 3.92 | 7.97 | 67 |
| Departures per 100 staying, $200,000 or more | 2.06 | 39th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Drug overdose deaths | 40.8 | 40th best of 51 | 9.43 | 34.5 | 75.4 | 61 |
| Effective general sales tax rate | 1.86 | 41st highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Effective individual income tax rate | 2.65 | 17th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Effective property tax rate | 1.35 | 12th highest of 52 | 0.811 | 1.29 | 1.98 | 67 |
| Effective property tax rate on income | 2.59 | 28th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Evangelical Protestant adherents | 9.74 | 38th highest of 51 | 2.58 | 11 | 28.5 | 67 |
| Fine particulate matter | 7.8 | 31st best of 51 | 6.1 | 7.8 | 11.3 | 66 |
| Firearm fatalities | 13.7 | 21st best of 51 | 5.98 | 12.5 | 30.4 | 62 |
| Firearm share of suicides, standardised | 96.7 | 35th highest of 51 | 74.5 | 109 | 145 | 63 |
| Firearm suicide rate | 7.82 | 39th highest of 51 | 4.6 | 10.3 | 19.8 | 63 |
| Flu vaccination among Medicare enrollees | 0.55% | 4th best of 51 | 0.27% | 0.51% | 0.64% | 67 |
| Gini index of income inequality | 0.474 | 32nd best of 52 | 0.397 | 0.436 | 0.515 | 67 |
| High school graduation | 0.872% | 21st best of 48 | 0.745% | 0.893% | 0.946% | 62 |
| Homeownership rate | 69.3% | 18th highest of 52 | 52.3% | 74.5% | 86.2% | 67 |
| Homicide rate | 6.8 | 30th best of 51 | 1.24 | 3.98 | 26.1 | 38 |
| Homicide rate, annual | 7.05 | 21st highest of 51 | 2 | 5.5 | 40.3 | 15 |
| How much faster the top bracket arrives than everyone else | -0.316 | 39th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Income gap between arrivals and departures | $-9,314 | 43rd highest of 51 | $-21,220 | $424 | $20,520 | 67 |
| Infant mortality | 5.82 | 26th best of 51 | 3.43 | 5.92 | 9.61 | 44 |
| Injury deaths | 96.7 | 32nd best of 51 | 47 | 97.6 | 149 | 67 |
| Life expectancy | 76.9 years | 25th best of 51 | 70.9 years | 76.2 years | 81.3 years | 67 |
| Local income tax as a share of income | 0.735 | 6th highest of 13 | 0.059 | 0.485 | 2.16 | 67 |
| Mainline Protestant adherents | 9.92 | 8th highest of 51 | 4.8 | 12.1 | 21.8 | 67 |
| Material security score | 0.253 | 28th highest of 51 | -0.946 | 0.388 | 1.06 | 67 |
| Mean adjusted gross income per return | $90,850 | 20th best of 51 | $51,600 | $70,060 | $151,600 | 67 |
| Mean income of arriving households | $76,192 | 29th highest of 51 | $45,110 | $56,920 | $112,200 | 67 |
| Mean income of departing households | $85,507 | 13th highest of 51 | $32,210 | $57,230 | $113,100 | 67 |
| Mean travel time to work | 26.6 min | 36th best of 52 | 17.9 min | 25.1 min | 43.6 min | 67 |
| Median age | 40.9 years | 9th highest of 52 | 33.8 years | 43.7 years | 56.1 years | 67 |
| Median gross rent | $1,162 | 27th highest of 52 | $699 | $868 | $1,691 | 67 |
| Median home value | $240,500 | 34th highest of 52 | $88,200 | $193,100 | $461,800 | 67 |
| Median household income | $76,081 | 23rd best of 52 | $47,680 | $64,760 | $123,000 | 67 |
| Median household income (model-based) | $73,826 | 29th best of 51 | $48,080 | $62,920 | $120,900 | 67 |
| Median property tax bill | 3,241 | 18th highest of 52 | 1,162 | 2,373 | 6,191 | 67 |
| Membership organisations | 11.8 | 14th best of 51 | 7.1 | 14.2 | 24.9 | 67 |
| Millionaire returns as a share of all returns | 0.402 | 24th highest of 52 | — | — | — | — |
| Millionaires' share of all income | 13.5 | 23rd highest of 52 | — | — | — | — |
| Motor vehicle crash deaths | 9.46 | 12th best of 51 | 5.86 | 12.1 | 20.6 | 63 |
| Net business formation rate | 0.103 | 51st highest of 51 | -3.03 | 0.068 | 4.83 | 67 |
| Net domestic migration rate | -1.67 | 35th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Net migration per 100 people staying | -0.158 | 37th highest of 51 | -1.83 | 0.063 | 1.34 | 67 |
| Net migration per 100 staying, $200,000 or more | -0.47 | 39th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Orthodox Christian adherents | 0.37 | 15th highest of 51 | 0 | 0.13 | 1.41 | 67 |
| Other religion adherents | 3.58 | 30th highest of 51 | 0 | 1.41 | 8.27 | 67 |
| People per tax return | 2 | 40th highest of 51 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 67 |
| Per capita income | $43,104 | 20th best of 52 | $23,030 | $35,310 | $63,090 | 67 |
| Per capita personal income | $68,057 | 20th best of 51 | $30,130 | $55,410 | $106,400 | 67 |
| Poverty rate | 11.8% | 25th best of 52 | 5.94% | 11.7% | 22% | 67 |
| Poverty rate (model-based) | 11.9% | 27th best of 51 | 6.2% | 12.6% | 24.8% | 67 |
| Premature mortality | 403 | 26th best of 51 | 239 | 431 | 604 | 67 |
| Preventable hospital stays | 2,953 | 34th best of 51 | 1,941 | 2,849 | 5,135 | 67 |
| Private job growth | 1.75 | 36th highest of 52 | -2.81 | 1.26 | 7.82 | 67 |
| Religious adherents | 46.8 | 30th highest of 51 | 22.6 | 40.6 | 63.8 | 67 |
| Republican share of the two-party vote, 2024 | 50.9 | 29th highest of 51 | 20.2 | 69.1 | 86.5 | 67 |
| Returns claiming charitable contributions | 5.21% | 30th highest of 51 | 0% | 2.28% | 10.9% | 67 |
| Returns claiming the earned income credit | 13% | 25th highest of 51 | 5.91% | 12.9% | 23.5% | 67 |
| Returns reporting capital gains | 19.1% | 24th highest of 51 | 11.3% | 15.6% | 32.2% | 67 |
| Returns reporting unemployment compensation | 3.79% | 9th highest of 51 | 2.59% | 4.53% | 8.37% | 67 |
| Safety score | -0.347 | 28th highest of 51 | -1.42 | 0.141 | 1.16 | 63 |
| Share aged 65 and over | 19.1% | 10th highest of 52 | 14.3% | 21.1% | 30.4% | 67 |
| Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic | 0.0553% | 51st highest of 51 | 0% | 0.0497% | 0.137% | 18 |
| Share Asian, not Hispanic | 3.67% | 19th highest of 52 | 0% | 0.686% | 7.79% | 62 |
| Share Black, not Hispanic | 10.3% | 21st highest of 52 | 0.201% | 2.53% | 38.9% | 66 |
| Share divorced | 9.74% | 44th highest of 52 | 7.93% | 10.7% | 15.9% | 67 |
| Share foreign-born | 7.4% | 27th highest of 52 | 0.445% | 2.08% | 14.6% | 64 |
| Share Hispanic or Latino, any race | 8.38% | 31st highest of 52 | 0.891% | 2.35% | 27% | 67 |
| Share in the same house a year ago | 88% | 7th highest of 51 | 76.8% | 89.2% | 93.7% | 67 |
| Share Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, not Hispanic | 0.0217% | 46th highest of 49 | 0% | 0% | 0.0354% | 28 |
| Share never married | 34.4% | 14th highest of 52 | 24% | 29.7% | 50.7% | 67 |
| Share now married | 49.5% | 32nd highest of 52 | 34.7% | 52.1% | 57.6% | 67 |
| Share of births to unmarried women | 31.6% | 23rd highest of 52 | 12.6% | 31.9% | 100% | 56 |
| Share of some other race, not Hispanic | 0.444% | 22nd highest of 52 | 0% | 0.398% | 1.4% | 31 |
| Share of suicides by firearm | 52.9% | 33rd highest of 51 | 40.4% | 61% | 82.6% | 63 |
| Share of taxes from alcohol | 0.585 | 13th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from corporate income | 7.23 | 18th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from corporation licences | 0.00463 | 47th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from death and gift | 1.64 | 1st highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from gambling | 2.28 | 5th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from general sales and gross receipts | 18.4 | 38th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from individual income | 26.3 | 19th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from insurance premiums | 1.05 | 37th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from licences | 4.23 | 24th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from motor fuel | 3.77 | 10th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from motor vehicle licences | 1.46 | 22nd highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from occupation and business licences | 2.1 | 11th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from other taxes | 4.43 | 11th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from property | 25.6 | 31st highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from property transfer | 2.08 | 7th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from public utilities | 1.34 | 15th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from selective sales | 13.8 | 14th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from severance | 0 | 51st highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from sports betting and pari-mutuels | 0.196 | 7th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of taxes from tobacco | 1.2 | 15th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Share of two or more races, not Hispanic | 3.31% | 41st highest of 52 | 1.16% | 2.7% | 4.36% | 67 |
| Share separated | 1.76% | 19th highest of 52 | 0.932% | 1.72% | 5.5% | 66 |
| Share White, not Hispanic | 73.8% | 19th highest of 52 | 33.6% | 89.6% | 96% | 67 |
| Share widowed | 6.37% | 10th highest of 52 | 4.38% | 7.13% | 8.73% | 67 |
| Share with a bachelor's degree or higher | 34.5% | 24th best of 52 | 11.3% | 23.3% | 56.6% | 67 |
| State and local income tax as a share of income | 2.65 | 5th highest of 12 | — | — | — | — |
| State income tax as a share of income | 1.92 | 28th highest of 50 | — | — | — | — |
| State taxes as a share of income | 6.22 | 27th highest of 50 | — | — | — | — |
| Suicide rate | 13.9 | 15th best of 51 | 10.4 | 15.9 | 26 | 63 |
| Top state income tax rate | 3.07% | 39th highest of 50 | — | — | — | — |
| Total tax burden | 10.1 | 22nd highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Unemployment rate | 3.67% | 34th best of 52 | 2.8% | 4.1% | 5.9% | 67 |
| Vacancy rate | 9.42% | 36th highest of 52 | 3.36% | 12.7% | 72.1% | 67 |
| Years of potential life lost | 8,274 | 24th best of 51 | 4,450 | 8,812 | 12,650 | 66 |
| Aggregate travel time to work | 141,920,000 min | 6th highest of 52 | 30,260 min | 877,700 min | 19,340,000 min | 67 |
| Business establishments | 282,710 | 6th highest of 51 | 80 | 1,748 | 31,180 | 67 |
| Business establishments closed | 23,053 | 7th highest of 51 | 6 | 108 | 2,833 | 67 |
| Business establishments opened | 23,346 | 8th highest of 51 | 6 | 121 | 2,792 | 67 |
| Employed | 6,318,100 | 5th highest of 52 | 1,457 | 36,420 | 747,700 | 67 |
| Foreign-born population | 961,250 | 12th highest of 52 | 130 | 1,834 | 230,800 | 64 |
| Gross domestic product | $966,440,000k | 6th highest of 51 | $267,100k | $4,180,000k | $128,700,000k | 67 |
| Housing units | 5,779,700 | 5th highest of 52 | 3,933 | 39,950 | 739,700 | 67 |
| Labour force | 6,558,900 | 5th highest of 52 | 1,548 | 37,890 | 781,500 | 67 |
| Local income tax collected | $6,508,800k | 4th highest of 13 | $678k | $20,910k | $1,981,000k | 67 |
| Millionaire tax returns | 25,310 | 8th highest of 52 | — | — | — | — |
| Net domestic migration | -21,730 | 44th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| Occupied housing units | 5,235,300 | 5th highest of 52 | 1,944 | 33,620 | 669,200 | 67 |
| Owner-occupied housing units | 3,629,600 | 5th highest of 52 | 1,495 | 25,140 | 354,800 | 67 |
| People covered by a tax return | 11,232,000 | 5th highest of 51 | 3,620 | 69,220 | 1,161,000 | 67 |
| People in households earning $200,000 or more who did not move | 1,190,900 | 7th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| People who did not move | 10,116,000 | 5th highest of 51 | 3,281 | 63,590 | 978,600 | 67 |
| Personal income | $885,950,000k | 6th highest of 51 | $195,400k | $4,343,000k | $93,740,000k | 67 |
| Population | 13,018,000 | 5th highest of 51 | 4,382 | 83,110 | 1,563,000 | 67 |
| Population | 12,962,000 | 5th highest of 51 | 4,380 | 83,090 | 1,551,000 | 67 |
| Population (firearm measures) | 12,270,000 | 5th highest of 51 | 13,810 | 87,200 | 1,494,000 | 63 |
| Population (WONDER) | 12,962,000 | 5th highest of 51 | 112,700 | 464,600 | 1,551,000 | 15 |
| Population aged 15 and over | 10,792,000 | 5th highest of 52 | 3,867 | 70,980 | 1,297,000 | 67 |
| Population aged 25 and over | 9,153,100 | 5th highest of 52 | 3,493 | 58,880 | 1,089,000 | 67 |
| Population aged 65 and over | 2,476,200 | 5th highest of 52 | 1,320 | 18,400 | 244,900 | 67 |
| Population below the poverty line | 1,481,000 | 6th highest of 52 | 620 | 9,985 | 338,500 | 67 |
| Population below the poverty line | 1,497,700 | 6th highest of 51 | 664 | 10,650 | 304,400 | 67 |
| Population for whom poverty status is determined | 12,575,000 | 5th highest of 52 | 4,396 | 79,170 | 1,538,000 | 67 |
| Population for whom poverty status is determined | 12,586,000 | 5th highest of 51 | 4,004 | 78,300 | 1,499,000 | 67 |
| Population in the same house one year ago | 11,432,000 | 5th highest of 51 | 4,137 | 73,880 | 1,348,000 | 67 |
| Population with a bachelor's degree or higher | 3,157,300 | 6th highest of 52 | 393 | 13,060 | 403,200 | 67 |
| Population, decennial census | 13,003,000 | 5th highest of 51 | 4,547 | 83,940 | 1,604,000 | 67 |
| Presidential votes cast, 2024 | 7,034,200 | 5th highest of 51 | 2,219 | 42,870 | 721,400 | 67 |
| Private jobs | 5,301,400 | 5th highest of 52 | 896 | 23,830 | 601,300 | 67 |
| State and local tax collections | $89,476,000k | 6th highest of 51 | — | — | — | — |
| State individual income tax collected | $17,007,000k | 6th highest of 50 | — | — | — | — |
| State tax collected, all taxes | $55,074,000k | 6th highest of 50 | — | — | — | — |
| Tax returns filed | 6,300,900 | 5th highest of 51 | 2,150 | 37,470 | 688,900 | 67 |
| Total population | 12,987,000 | 5th highest of 52 | 4,475 | 83,210 | 1,582,000 | 67 |
| Unemployed | 240,860 | 6th highest of 52 | 91 | 1,582 | 33,820 | 67 |
| Vacant housing units | 544,320 | 7th highest of 52 | 428 | 5,618 | 70,500 | 67 |
| Women aged 15 to 50 | 2,892,600 | 6th highest of 52 | 552 | 17,220 | 424,000 | 67 |
| Women who gave birth in the past year | 146,800 | 6th highest of 52 | 75 | 991 | 20,480 | 65 |
| Workers aged 16 and over who commute | 5,341,900 | 5th highest of 52 | 1,548 | 33,340 | 603,800 | 67 |
Links inside Pennsylvania
These are the site’s strongest pairs nationwide, worked out again using only this state’s counties. The r column shows how closely two measures rise and fall together, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step); 0 means no link. A link that shows up nationally but disappears inside every state is really about differences between states. A link that also holds here is not.
These figures are before adjusting for anything. Unlike the national figures, they do not take out population density, income or education.
| Pair | r within PA | counties |
|---|---|---|
| Median age × Share aged 65 and overInside Pennsylvania, where Median age is higher, Share aged 65 and over tends to be higher: a strong link across 67 counties, before adjusting for anything. | +0.95 | 67 |
What this state is divided into
67 county-level areas, largest first. Each one is compared with its peers — the counties across the country most like it — not with the rest of this state.
Philadelphia County · Allegheny County · Montgomery County · Bucks County · Delaware County · Lancaster County · Chester County · York County · Berks County · Lehigh County · Westmoreland County · Luzerne County · Northampton County · Dauphin County · Erie County · Cumberland County · Lackawanna County · Washington County · Butler County · Monroe County · Beaver County · Centre County · Franklin County · Lebanon County · Schuylkill County · Cambria County · Fayette County · Blair County · Lycoming County · Mercer County · Adams County · Northumberland County · Lawrence County · Indiana County · Crawford County · Clearfield County · Somerset County · Carbon County · Armstrong County · Columbia County · Bradford County · Pike County · Wayne County · Venango County · Bedford County · Mifflin County · Perry County · Jefferson County · Huntingdon County · Union County · Tioga County · McKean County · Snyder County · Susquehanna County · Warren County · Clinton County · Clarion County · Greene County · Elk County · Wyoming County · Juniata County · Montour County · Potter County · Fulton County · Forest County · Sullivan County · Cameron County