Economic connectedness
How many of a low-income person's friends are high-income, compared with an even mix. One means their friends match the local mix of rich and poor. Below one means their friendships are more divided by income than that.
Reported for3,020areas, in 51 states — none in PR
Link to density0.10not mostly about how urban a place is
Nearby places alike0.64Moran’s I: strongly, neighbouring places tend to be similar
Typerateratio
How it has moved
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Every state, every year
Nothing to draw here: this measure has no state figures. Its publisher reports it for counties. This site does not add county numbers up into state figures, since a home-made figure could clash with one an agency publishes itself. The chart above covers the whole country, year by year.
Where it comes from
Social Capital Atlas · Opportunity Insights ec_county
Socioeconomic status means standing in income, schooling and similar. For each lower-status person, take the share of their friends who are higher-status and double it, then average over everyone lower-status. The social capital atlas's main measure. Time period: measured over Facebook users aged 25-44 in 2022, with noise added to protect privacy.
Combining areas: an average weighted by children with below-median parental income.
What it goes with
The strongest links that have a page of their own. Unadjusted is the link before adjusting for anything, from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step). Adjusted compares places with the same population density, income and education levels, so those differences can’t explain the link. This list leaves out the 2 pairs built from the same numbers or the same model as this measure, since they are bound to match.
| Measure | Unadjusted | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|
| Economic connectedness and Housing insecurityWhere Economic connectedness is higher, Housing insecurity tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only places with similar density, income and education are compared, and inside states as well. Housing insecurity by US county | -0.80 | -0.65 |
| Economic connectedness and Food insecurityWhere Economic connectedness is higher, Food insecurity tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only places with similar density, income and education are compared, and inside states as well. Food insecurity by US county | -0.80 | -0.64 |
| Economic connectedness and Returns claiming the earned income creditWhere Economic connectedness is higher, Returns claiming the earned income credit tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only places with similar density, income and education are compared, and inside states as well. Returns claiming the earned income credit by US county | -0.81 | -0.64 |
| Economic connectedness and Adult income rank of children raised poor hereWhere Economic connectedness is higher, Adult income rank of children raised poor here tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only places with similar density, income and education are compared, and inside states as well. Adult income rank of children raised poor here by US county | +0.72 | +0.63 |
| Economic connectedness and Share White, not HispanicWhere Economic connectedness is higher, Share White, not Hispanic tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only places with similar density, income and education are compared, and inside states as well. Share White, not Hispanic by US county | +0.51 | +0.62 |
| Economic connectedness and Lack of reliable transportationWhere Economic connectedness is higher, Lack of reliable transportation tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only places with similar density, income and education are compared, and inside states as well. Lack of reliable transportation by US county | -0.77 | -0.61 |
| Economic connectedness and Vision disabilityWhere Economic connectedness is higher, Vision disability tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only places with similar density, income and education are compared, and inside states as well. Vision disability by US county | -0.75 | -0.60 |
| Economic connectedness and Child poverty rate, ages 0-17Where Economic connectedness is higher, Child poverty rate, ages 0-17 tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only places with similar density, income and education are compared, and inside states as well. Child poverty rate, ages 0-17 by US county | -0.77 | -0.58 |
| Economic connectedness and Fair or poor self-rated healthWhere Economic connectedness is higher, Fair or poor self-rated health tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only places with similar density, income and education are compared, and inside states as well. Fair or poor self-rated health by US county | -0.77 | -0.58 |
| Economic connectedness and Self-care disabilityWhere Economic connectedness is higher, Self-care disability tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only places with similar density, income and education are compared, and inside states as well. Self-care disability by US county | -0.77 | -0.58 |
Population makeup
How this measure varies with the racial and ethnic makeup of counties. Every group is shown, whatever its rank. These are links across counties: they describe places, not people. They say nothing about any person’s risk or behaviour based on their race. Counties with a larger share of one group also differ in much else, such as income, segregation, region and history. The adjusted figure only accounts for density, income and education.
| Share of residents | Unadjusted | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|
| Economic connectedness and Share White, not HispanicWhere Economic connectedness is higher, Share White, not Hispanic tends to be higher: a moderate link that holds when only places with similar density, income and education are compared, and inside states as well. Share White, not Hispanic by US county | +0.51 | +0.62 |
| Economic connectedness and Share Black, not HispanicWhere Economic connectedness is higher, Share Black, not Hispanic tends to be lower: a moderate link that holds when only places with similar density, income and education are compared, and inside states as well. Share Black, not Hispanic by US county | -0.57 | -0.48 |
| Economic connectedness and Share Hispanic or Latino, any raceWhere Economic connectedness is higher, Share Hispanic or Latino, any race tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only places with similar density, income and education are compared, and inside states as well. Share Hispanic or Latino, any race by US county | -0.21 | -0.37 |
| Economic connectedness and Share Asian, not HispanicWhere Economic connectedness is higher, Share Asian, not Hispanic tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only places with similar density, income and education are compared. Share Asian, not Hispanic by US county | +0.19 | -0.12 |
| Economic connectedness and Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not HispanicWhere Economic connectedness is higher, Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic tends to be lower: a weak link that holds when only places with similar density, income and education are compared, and inside states as well. Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic by US county | -0.21 | -0.33 |
Highest and lowest
Of 3,020 counties reporting it. These are the two ends of a national ranking. For most measures, that ranking mostly sorts places by income and how urban they are. That is why the place pages compare each place with similar places instead.
Highest
- Rockingham County, NH — 1.36
- Douglas County, CO — 1.35
- San Francisco County, CA — 1.31
- Morgan County, UT — 1.29
- Madison County, ID — 1.28
Lowest
- Todd County, SD — 0.295
- Oglala Lakota County, SD — 0.33
- Terrell County, GA — 0.347
- Bullock County, AL — 0.355
- Allendale County, SC — 0.361
The middle area reports 0.807. The middle half of counties falls between 0.696 and 0.937 (the 25th to 75th percentile).
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