Poverty rate and Share Hispanic or Latino, any race
Where Poverty rate is higher, Share Hispanic or Latino, any race tends to be higher. The link is moderate: +0.51 across 2,908 counties, on a scale from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step). That figure compares places with the same population density, income and education, so those differences can't explain it. It holds inside states too. Measured separately within each of 41 states, the middle value of the link is -0.09.
Holds after adjusting
Every place, plotted
One dot for each place reporting both measures. Hover over or tap a dot to see its name and values. The thin line is the straight line that best fits the dots. The bold line, shown for counties, is the link after adjusting for density, income and education. A dot far from the lines is a place that does not follow the pattern.
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What each measure is
Poverty rate
The percentage of people whose family income is below the federal poverty line. The line depends on how many people are in the family and their ages.
Census ACS 5-year · ACS table B17001_002, divided by population for whom poverty status is determined
Share Hispanic or Latino, any race
The percentage of residents who are Hispanic or Latino, of any race. The Census asks about Hispanic origin separately from race. So this figure includes all races, and the race shares next to it count only people who are 'not Hispanic'.
Census ACS 5-year · ACS table B03002_012, divided by total population
Highest and lowest
Where each measure is highest and lowest among the places reporting both (2023), with the other measure beside it. This is shown for every size of place where both are published. Metro-area values are added up from their counties. A measure that cannot be added up across counties, such as a middle value (median), has no metro figure. Counts are shown per 1,000 residents, since raw totals would only list the largest places. Cities and towns and ZIP codes are shown where the Census survey or the CDC publishes them; most other sources stop at the county. They are shown for places of 5,000 residents or more, and only where the survey’s margin of error is small enough for the figure to be usable. The CDC publishes its health estimates for cities in a version adjusted for age, so places with older or younger people can be compared fairly, but not for ZIP codes.
Counties
By poverty rate
| Poverty rate | Share Hispanic or Latino, any race | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Guánica Municipio, PR | 64.7% | 99.2% |
| Adjuntas Municipio, PR | 61.9% | 99.7% |
| Vieques Municipio, PR | 59.5% | 95.8% |
| Ciales Municipio, PR | 58.2% | 99.6% |
| Jayuya Municipio, PR | 54.9% | 98.3% |
| Lowest | ||
| Nantucket County, MA | 3.03% | 16.4% |
| Douglas County, CO | 3.23% | 9.89% |
| Powhatan County, VA | 3.26% | 2.8% |
| Falls Church city, VA | 3.64% | 10.7% |
| Hunterdon County, NJ | 3.85% | 8.85% |
By share Hispanic or Latino, any race
| Poverty rate | Share Hispanic or Latino, any race | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| ComerÃo Municipio, PR | 53% | 100% |
| Patillas Municipio, PR | 47.8% | 100% |
| Naranjito Municipio, PR | 50.5% | 100% |
| Canóvanas Municipio, PR | 33.9% | 99.9% |
| Morovis Municipio, PR | 48.7% | 99.9% |
| Lowest | ||
| Wirt County, WV | 18.3% | 0% |
| Norton city, VA | 25.7% | 0% |
| Highland County, VA | 10.3% | 0% |
| Sully County, SD | 7.94% | 0% |
| McPherson County, NE | 7.13% | 0% |
States
By poverty rate
| Poverty rate | Share Hispanic or Latino, any race | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Puerto Rico | 41.6% | 98.8% |
| Mississippi | 19.1% | 3.6% |
| Louisiana | 18.9% | 6.95% |
| New Mexico | 18.1% | 48.2% |
| West Virginia | 16.6% | 2.02% |
| Lowest | ||
| New Hampshire | 7.16% | 4.52% |
| Utah | 8.56% | 15.4% |
| Minnesota | 9.2% | 6.19% |
| Maryland | 9.35% | 12.1% |
| Colorado | 9.38% | 22.2% |
By share Hispanic or Latino, any race
| Poverty rate | Share Hispanic or Latino, any race | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Puerto Rico | 41.6% | 98.8% |
| New Mexico | 18.1% | 48.2% |
| California | 12% | 39.8% |
| Texas | 13.8% | 39.5% |
| Arizona | 12.8% | 31% |
| Lowest | ||
| West Virginia | 16.6% | 2.02% |
| Maine | 10.8% | 2.08% |
| Vermont | 10.3% | 2.49% |
| Mississippi | 19.1% | 3.6% |
| Montana | 12% | 4.39% |
Metro areas
By poverty rate
| Poverty rate | Share Hispanic or Latino, any race | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Lares, PR | 54.9% | 99.2% |
| Utuado, PR | 53.5% | 98.1% |
| Guayama, PR | 49.8% | 99.7% |
| Coamo, PR | 49.7% | 99.6% |
| Coco, PR | 48% | 99.1% |
| Lowest | ||
| Nantucket, MA | 3.03% | 16.4% |
| Heber, UT | 4.82% | 12.6% |
| Vineyard Haven, MA | 5.38% | 3.09% |
| Hood River, OR | 5.49% | 30.3% |
| Lexington Park, MD | 5.89% | 5.49% |
By share Hispanic or Latino, any race
| Poverty rate | Share Hispanic or Latino, any race | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Guayama, PR | 49.8% | 99.7% |
| Coamo, PR | 49.7% | 99.6% |
| Ponce, PR | 48% | 99.4% |
| Lares, PR | 54.9% | 99.2% |
| Arecibo, PR | 41.1% | 99.2% |
| Lowest | ||
| Selma, AL | 29% | 0.906% |
| St. Marys, PA | 9.09% | 0.997% |
| Gallipolis, OH | 14.8% | 1.03% |
| Elkins, WV | 14.7% | 1.08% |
| Pikeville, KY | 25.6% | 1.11% |
Cities and towns
By poverty rate
| Poverty rate | Share Hispanic or Latino, any race | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Isla Vista CDP, CA | 69.3% | 23.3% |
| University of California-Davis CDP, CA | 67.7% | 21.6% |
| Caño Martin Peña comunidad, PR | 63% | 99.4% |
| Guánica zona urbana, PR | 62.1% | 98.8% |
| Utuado zona urbana, PR | 62% | 98.5% |
| Lowest | ||
| Linton Hall CDP, VA | 1.54% | 14.1% |
| Trussville city, AL | 1.65% | 2.42% |
| Franklin Farm CDP, VA | 1.8% | 7.42% |
| Ocean Acres CDP, NJ | 1.8% | 8.8% |
| Sioux Center city, IA | 1.81% | 16.9% |
By share Hispanic or Latino, any race
| Poverty rate | Share Hispanic or Latino, any race | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Cayey zona urbana, PR | 49.3% | 100% |
| Coco comunidad, PR | 60% | 100% |
| Juncos zona urbana, PR | 47.9% | 100% |
| Puerto Real comunidad, PR | 47% | 100% |
| Sabana Seca comunidad, PR | 38.1% | 100% |
| Lowest | ||
| Monroeville city, AL | 27.3% | 0% |
| Halls CDP, TN | 5.81% | 0% |
| Wellston city, OH | 23.1% | 0% |
| Nashville town, NC | 20.8% | 0% |
| Franklin city, NH | 6.39% | 0% |
ZIP codes
By poverty rate
| Poverty rate | Share Hispanic or Latino, any race | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| ZIP 22807 (Harrisonburg city, VA) | 100% | 6.88% |
| ZIP 33620 (Tampa city, FL) | 100% | 17.2% |
| ZIP 48825 (East Lansing city, MI) | 100% | 7.03% |
| ZIP 55455 (Minneapolis city, MN) | 100% | 6.16% |
| ZIP 80310 (Boulder city, CO) | 100% | 12.1% |
| Lowest | ||
| ZIP 92136 (San Diego city, CA) | 0% | 23.2% |
| ZIP 12222 (Albany city, NY) | 0% | 17.4% |
| ZIP 54913 (Outagamie County, WI) | 1.42% | 3.3% |
| ZIP 55038 (Hugo city, MN) | 1.52% | 3.08% |
| ZIP 76226 (Denton County, TX) | 1.53% | 10.2% |
By share Hispanic or Latino, any race
| Poverty rate | Share Hispanic or Latino, any race | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| ZIP 00723 (Patillas Municipio, PR) | 47.6% | 100% |
| ZIP 00731 (Ponce Municipio, PR) | 56.4% | 100% |
| ZIP 00782 (Comerío Municipio, PR) | 53.4% | 100% |
| ZIP 00952 (Sabana Seca comunidad, PR) | 40% | 100% |
| ZIP 00719 (Naranjito Municipio, PR) | 50.9% | 100% |
| Lowest | ||
| ZIP 04457 (Penobscot County, ME) | 13.7% | 0% |
| ZIP 04002 (York County, ME) | 8.63% | 0% |
| ZIP 03235 (Franklin city, NH) | 6.36% | 0% |
| ZIP 63957 (Wayne County, MO) | 31.5% | 0% |
| ZIP 62207 (Centreville city, IL) | 31.9% | 0% |
Counties furthest from the pattern
Compared with the straight line that best fits all 2,913 counties: the five with far more share Hispanic or Latino, any race than their poverty rate would suggest, and the five with far less.
| Poverty rate | Share Hispanic or Latino, any race | |
|---|---|---|
| Above the line | ||
| Webb County, TX | 21% | 95.1% |
| Guaynabo Municipio, PR | 24.3% | 98.1% |
| Maverick County, TX | 22.6% | 94.9% |
| Culebra Municipio, PR | 20.8% | 91.3% |
| Trujillo Alto Municipio, PR | 28.2% | 99.2% |
| Below the line | ||
| Todd County, SD | 49% | 2.28% |
| Ziebach County, SD | 38.2% | 1.24% |
| Knox County, KY | 36.7% | 1.22% |
| Madison Parish, LA | 36.7% | 2.45% |
| Coahoma County, MS | 36.3% | 2.13% |
Two series, one county
Both measures over time for a county you pick. The two charts are stacked, so they share only the years along the bottom. You can pick from the thirty largest counties reporting both. This panel covers 2010–2024, and a measure published only once shows as a single dot.
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Every version of the link
Each row measures the same link, from −1 to +1, in a different way. If the rows mostly agree, the link does not depend on one choice of method.
| Before adjusting for anything | +0.539 | 2,908 counties reporting both |
| After adjusting for density, income and education | +0.512 | the part of the link that is not just how urban, rich and educated a place is |
| Also adjusting for population size | +0.513 | size taken out as well as density |
| Also comparing only within each state | +0.179 | each county is compared only with others in its own state, so this is no longer a comparison between states |
| Giving bigger counties more weight | +0.473 | the adjusted link for the average resident rather than the average county. With this weighting, the data counts for about 289 equally weighted counties |
| Middle value inside single states | -0.086 | the link worked out inside each of 41 states with at least 20 counties reporting |
| Using ranks, after adjusting | +0.232 | uses each county’s rank, not its value, so a few extreme counties cannot create the link |
How much to believe it
Could it be chance?
The p-value is the chance of seeing a link this strong if there were really none. A value of 0.05 or less means the link is unlikely to be chance. Very small values are written in short form: 3.1e-16 means 0.00000000000000031, and the bigger the number after “e-”, the smaller the value. Treating every county as a separate case gives p = 8.6e-194. But counties in the same state tend to resemble each other, so the better figure allows for that: p = 9.3e-5. The site tested 20,910 pairs, and testing so many turns up some flukes. The q-value allows for that too. For this pair it is 9.8e-193.
Do nearby places look alike?
Moran’s I measures how much nearby places look alike: 0 means no map pattern, and higher means neighbours are more similar. For the part of each county that the adjustment leaves unexplained, it is +0.69 (p = 0.001). That unexplained part still clusters on the map. So some regional factor shared by both measures is not accounted for.
Did they change together?
The figures above compare counties at one moment. This asks a different question: where poverty rate rose most, did share hispanic or latino, any racemove too? Each county’s change is compared with the average change in its own state. That takes out ups and downs that hit a whole region at once. Each change is the gap between two estimates that both contain some error. That error pulls these links towards zero, so a weak one is weak partly for that reason. The q column shows whether a link could be a fluke, allowing for the many pairs tested: 0.05 or less means it is unlikely to be chance.
| Period | Counties | Change together | Within states | q |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014–2019 the main test: each Census survey figure averages five years, and these two do not overlap; before the pandemic | 2,776 | +0.02 | -0.00 | — |
| 2019–2023 a repeat check: its two five-year survey figures both include 2019, and it covers the COVID years | 2,779 | +0.07 | +0.06 | — |
Both come from the American Community Survey, which asks a sample of households. Random error in a county's sample pushes both changes at once. So part of any agreement here is that shared error. It is shown, but not counted as a finding. How change is measured.
Related pairs
- Median household income and Poverty rate — -0.76
- Poverty rate and Returns claiming the earned income credit — +0.62
- Poverty rate and Homicide rate, annual — +0.55
- Poverty rate and Share White, not Hispanic — -0.54
- Poverty rate and Premature mortality — +0.50
- Poverty rate and Social connection score — -0.50
- Poverty rate and Children in single-parent households — +0.50
- Poverty rate and Years of potential life lost — +0.49
Association only. Nothing here shows that either measure changes the other. This describes counties, not the people in them. Two measures going together across places does not mean the same people have both. How the US county data works · Explore Poverty rate and Share Hispanic or Latino, any race