Poverty rate and Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic
Where Poverty rate is higher, Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic tends to be higher. The link is weak: +0.37 across 1,363 counties, on a scale from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step). That figure compares places with the same population density, income and education, so those differences can't explain it. It holds inside states too. Measured separately within each of 29 states, the middle value of the link is +0.21.
Holds after adjusting
Every place, plotted
One dot for each place reporting both measures. Hover over or tap a dot to see its name and values. The thin line is the straight line that best fits the dots. The bold line, shown for counties, is the link after adjusting for density, income and education. A dot far from the lines is a place that does not follow the pattern.
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What each measure is
Poverty rate
The percentage of people whose family income is below the federal poverty line. The line depends on how many people are in the family and their ages.
Census ACS 5-year · ACS table B17001_002, divided by population for whom poverty status is determined
Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic
The percentage of residents who are American Indian or Alaska Native alone and not Hispanic. They live mostly on and near reservations: Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota is 91%, while most counties are under 1%.
Census ACS 5-year · ACS table B03002_005, divided by total population
Highest and lowest
Where each measure is highest and lowest among the places reporting both (2023), with the other measure beside it. This is shown for every size of place where both are published. Metro-area values are added up from their counties. A measure that cannot be added up across counties, such as a middle value (median), has no metro figure. Counts are shown per 1,000 residents, since raw totals would only list the largest places. Cities and towns and ZIP codes are shown where the Census survey or the CDC publishes them; most other sources stop at the county. They are shown for places of 5,000 residents or more, and only where the survey’s margin of error is small enough for the figure to be usable. The CDC publishes its health estimates for cities in a version adjusted for age, so places with older or younger people can be compared fairly, but not for ZIP codes.
Counties
By poverty rate
| Poverty rate | Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Guánica Municipio, PR | 64.7% | 0% |
| Adjuntas Municipio, PR | 61.9% | 0% |
| Vieques Municipio, PR | 59.5% | 0% |
| Ciales Municipio, PR | 58.2% | 0% |
| Jayuya Municipio, PR | 54.9% | 0% |
| Lowest | ||
| Nantucket County, MA | 3.03% | 0% |
| Douglas County, CO | 3.23% | 0.17% |
| Falls Church city, VA | 3.64% | 0% |
| Loudoun County, VA | 3.96% | 0.122% |
| Calvert County, MD | 4.03% | 0.14% |
By share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic
| Poverty rate | Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Oglala Lakota County, SD | 52.8% | 91.4% |
| Kusilvak Census Area, AK | 31.2% | 86.4% |
| Sioux County, ND | 42.7% | 83.7% |
| Bethel Census Area, AK | 24% | 83.6% |
| Todd County, SD | 49% | 83.1% |
| Lowest | ||
| Washington County, CO | 7.6% | 0% |
| Phillips County, CO | 15.7% | 0% |
| Ouray County, CO | 5.04% | 0% |
| Monroe County, AR | 22.2% | 0% |
| Lee County, AR | 27.7% | 0% |
States
By poverty rate
| Poverty rate | Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Mississippi | 19.1% | 0.35% |
| Louisiana | 18.9% | 0.408% |
| New Mexico | 18.1% | 8.6% |
| West Virginia | 16.6% | 0.0647% |
| Kentucky | 16.1% | 0.0782% |
| Lowest | ||
| New Hampshire | 7.16% | 0.0777% |
| Utah | 8.56% | 0.683% |
| Minnesota | 9.2% | 0.731% |
| Maryland | 9.35% | 0.121% |
| Colorado | 9.38% | 0.385% |
By share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic
| Poverty rate | Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Alaska | 10.2% | 13.5% |
| New Mexico | 18.1% | 8.6% |
| South Dakota | 12% | 7.38% |
| Oklahoma | 15.3% | 6.79% |
| Montana | 12% | 5.5% |
| Lowest | ||
| Pennsylvania | 11.8% | 0.0553% |
| Ohio | 13.2% | 0.0625% |
| West Virginia | 16.6% | 0.0647% |
| Illinois | 11.7% | 0.0697% |
| Indiana | 12.2% | 0.0703% |
Metro areas
By poverty rate
| Poverty rate | Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Lares, PR | 54.9% | 0% |
| Utuado, PR | 53.5% | 0% |
| Guayama, PR | 49.8% | 0% |
| Coamo, PR | 49.7% | 0% |
| Coco, PR | 48% | 0% |
| Lowest | ||
| Nantucket, MA | 3.03% | 0% |
| Vineyard Haven, MA | 5.38% | 1.1% |
| Lexington Park, MD | 5.89% | 0.14% |
| Fairbanks-College, AK | 6.17% | 6.34% |
| Appleton, WI | 6.25% | 0.786% |
By share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic
| Poverty rate | Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Gallup, NM | 35.7% | 75.1% |
| Show Low, AZ | 24.7% | 41.9% |
| Lumberton, NC | 28.8% | 39.1% |
| Farmington, NM | 23.2% | 38.5% |
| Tahlequah, OK | 19.3% | 31.8% |
| Lowest | ||
| Zapata, TX | 37.4% | 0% |
| Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH | 15.5% | 0% |
| Valdosta, GA | 21.2% | 0% |
| Utuado, PR | 53.5% | 0% |
| Sikeston, MO | 16.4% | 0% |
Cities and towns
By poverty rate
| Poverty rate | Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Isla Vista CDP, CA | 69.3% | 0% |
| Caño Martin Peña comunidad, PR | 63% | 0% |
| Guánica zona urbana, PR | 62.1% | 0% |
| Utuado zona urbana, PR | 62% | 0% |
| Kaser village, NY | 61.3% | 0% |
| Lowest | ||
| Huntington Woods city, MI | 1.65% | 0% |
| Hugo city, MN | 1.73% | 0% |
| Ocean Acres CDP, NJ | 1.8% | 0% |
| Hinsdale village, IL | 1.83% | 0% |
| Winnetka village, IL | 1.9% | 0% |
By share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic
| Poverty rate | Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Zuni Pueblo CDP, NM | 32.9% | 98% |
| Shiprock CDP, NM | 29% | 93.2% |
| Tuba City CDP, AZ | 27.5% | 88.7% |
| Bethel city, AK | 12.8% | 67.8% |
| Gallup city, NM | 28.1% | 49.8% |
| Lowest | ||
| Windsor Locks CDP, CT | 9.59% | 0% |
| Willimantic CDP, CT | 26.8% | 0% |
| Wethersfield CDP, CT | 5.85% | 0% |
| Simsbury Center CDP, CT | 5.5% | 0% |
| Portland CDP, CT | 7.24% | 0% |
ZIP codes
By poverty rate
| Poverty rate | Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| ZIP 22807 (Harrisonburg city, VA) | 100% | 0% |
| ZIP 48825 (East Lansing city, MI) | 100% | 0% |
| ZIP 55455 (Minneapolis city, MN) | 100% | 0% |
| ZIP 48109 (Ann Arbor city, MI) | 98.8% | 0% |
| ZIP 37916 (Knoxville city, TN) | 74% | 0% |
| Lowest | ||
| ZIP 48070 (Huntington Woods city, MI) | 1.65% | 0% |
| ZIP 40059 (Oldham County, KY) | 1.72% | 0% |
| ZIP 60503 (Aurora city, IL) | 1.76% | 0% |
| ZIP 10579 (Putnam County, NY) | 1.8% | 0% |
| ZIP 60521 (Hinsdale village, IL) | 1.82% | 0% |
By share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic
| Poverty rate | Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| ZIP 58316 (Rolette County, ND) | 27.7% | 96.5% |
| ZIP 86033 (Navajo County, AZ) | 31.9% | 95.7% |
| ZIP 86505 (Apache County, AZ) | 41.3% | 95.6% |
| ZIP 87327 (McKinley County, NM) | 32.2% | 95.3% |
| ZIP 87313 (McKinley County, NM) | 30.8% | 95% |
| Lowest | ||
| ZIP 08904 (Highland Park borough, NJ) | 9.25% | 0% |
| ZIP 08901 (New Brunswick city, NJ) | 31.6% | 0% |
| ZIP 08863 (Fords CDP, NJ) | 5.09% | 0% |
| ZIP 08861 (Perth Amboy city, NJ) | 19.2% | 0% |
| ZIP 08852 (Middlesex County, NJ) | 5.99% | 0% |
Counties furthest from the pattern
Compared with the straight line that best fits all 1,370 counties: the five with far more share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic than their poverty rate would suggest, and the five with far less.
| Poverty rate | Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic | |
|---|---|---|
| Above the line | ||
| Kusilvak Census Area, AK | 31.2% | 86.4% |
| Oglala Lakota County, SD | 52.8% | 91.4% |
| Bethel Census Area, AK | 24% | 83.6% |
| Northwest Arctic Borough, AK | 18.4% | 80.1% |
| Sioux County, ND | 42.7% | 83.7% |
| Below the line | ||
| Guánica Municipio, PR | 64.7% | 0% |
| Adjuntas Municipio, PR | 61.9% | 0% |
| Vieques Municipio, PR | 59.5% | 0% |
| Ciales Municipio, PR | 58.2% | 0% |
| Jayuya Municipio, PR | 54.9% | 0% |
Two series, one county
Both measures over time for a county you pick. The two charts are stacked, so they share only the years along the bottom. You can pick from the thirty largest counties reporting both. This panel covers 2010–2024, and a measure published only once shows as a single dot.
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Every version of the link
Each row measures the same link, from −1 to +1, in a different way. If the rows mostly agree, the link does not depend on one choice of method.
| Before adjusting for anything | +0.189 | 1,363 counties reporting both |
| After adjusting for density, income and education | +0.370 | the part of the link that is not just how urban, rich and educated a place is |
| Also adjusting for population size | +0.397 | size taken out as well as density |
| Also comparing only within each state | +0.465 | each county is compared only with others in its own state, so this is no longer a comparison between states |
| Giving bigger counties more weight | +0.201 | the adjusted link for the average resident rather than the average county. With this weighting, the data counts for about 189 equally weighted counties |
| Middle value inside single states | +0.207 | the link worked out inside each of 29 states with at least 20 counties reporting |
| Using ranks, after adjusting | +0.177 | uses each county’s rank, not its value, so a few extreme counties cannot create the link |
How much to believe it
Could it be chance?
The p-value is the chance of seeing a link this strong if there were really none. A value of 0.05 or less means the link is unlikely to be chance. Very small values are written in short form: 3.1e-16 means 0.00000000000000031, and the bigger the number after “e-”, the smaller the value. Treating every county as a separate case gives p = 1.7e-45. But counties in the same state tend to resemble each other, so the better figure allows for that: p = 0.036. The site tested 20,910 pairs, and testing so many turns up some flukes. The q-value allows for that too. For this pair it is 8.8e-45.
Do nearby places look alike?
Moran’s I measures how much nearby places look alike: 0 means no map pattern, and higher means neighbours are more similar. For the part of each county that the adjustment leaves unexplained, it is +0.28 (p = 0.001). That unexplained part still clusters on the map. So some regional factor shared by both measures is not accounted for.
Did they change together?
The figures above compare counties at one moment. This asks a different question: where poverty rate rose most, did share american indian or alaska native, not hispanicmove too? Each county’s change is compared with the average change in its own state. That takes out ups and downs that hit a whole region at once. Each change is the gap between two estimates that both contain some error. That error pulls these links towards zero, so a weak one is weak partly for that reason. The q column shows whether a link could be a fluke, allowing for the many pairs tested: 0.05 or less means it is unlikely to be chance.
| Period | Counties | Change together | Within states | q |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014–2019 the main test: each Census survey figure averages five years, and these two do not overlap; before the pandemic | 1,237 | +0.17 | +0.14 | — |
| 2019–2023 a repeat check: its two five-year survey figures both include 2019, and it covers the COVID years | 1,113 | +0.08 | +0.09 | — |
Both come from the American Community Survey, which asks a sample of households. Random error in a county's sample pushes both changes at once. So part of any agreement here is that shared error. It is shown, but not counted as a finding. How change is measured.
Related pairs
- Median household income and Poverty rate — -0.76
- Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic and Years of potential life lost — +0.70
- Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic and Premature mortality — +0.63
- Poverty rate and Returns claiming the earned income credit — +0.62
- Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic and Life expectancy — -0.58
- Poverty rate and Homicide rate, annual — +0.55
- Poverty rate and Share White, not Hispanic — -0.54
- Poverty rate and Share Hispanic or Latino, any race — +0.51
Association only. Nothing here shows that either measure changes the other. This describes counties, not the people in them. Two measures going together across places does not mean the same people have both. How the US county data works · Explore Poverty rate and Share American Indian or Alaska Native, not Hispanic