Local income tax collected and Other religion adherents
Where Local income tax collected is higher, Other religion adherents tends to be higher. The link is moderate: +0.48 across 554 counties, on a scale from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step). That figure compares places with the same population density, income and education, so those differences can't explain it.
Holds after adjusting
Every place, plotted
One dot for each place reporting both measures. Hover over or tap a dot to see its name and values. The thin line is the straight line that best fits the dots. The bold line, shown for counties, is the link after adjusting for density, income and education. A dot far from the lines is a place that does not follow the pattern.
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What each measure is
Local income tax collected
Income tax collected from people by every local government in the place (county, cities, townships, school districts), in thousands of dollars. For counties, it covers census years only (1967, 1972 ... 2022), when every government is counted.
Census local government finances · Census local government finances, item T40, every local government
Other religion adherents
Members of every group not counted in the other five, including Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, Latter-day Saints and more. It is a leftover group, so its members have little in common except not fitting the other five.
· Religion Census OTHRATE (2010, 2020)
Highest and lowest
Where each measure is highest and lowest among the places reporting both (2023), with the other measure beside it. This is shown for every size of place where both are published. Metro-area values are added up from their counties. A measure that cannot be added up across counties, such as a middle value (median), has no metro figure. Counts are shown per 1,000 residents, since raw totals would only list the largest places. Cities and towns and ZIP codes are shown where the Census survey or the CDC publishes them; most other sources stop at the county. They are shown for places of 5,000 residents or more, and only where the survey’s margin of error is small enough for the figure to be usable. The CDC publishes its health estimates for cities in a version adjusted for age, so places with older or younger people can be compared fairly, but not for ZIP codes.
Counties
By local income tax collected
| Local income tax collected, per 1,000 residents | Other religion adherents | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| New York County, NY | 4776.17 | 19.7 |
| District of Columbia, DC | 4637.85 | 7.04 |
| Montgomery County, MD | 1844.67 | 9.78 |
| Howard County, MD | 1808.51 | 5.65 |
| Kings County, NY | 1509.57 | 16.7 |
| Lowest | ||
| Sedgwick County, KS | 0.01 | 3.41 |
| Jasper County, MO | 0.01 | 3.33 |
| Franklin County, MO | 0.01 | 2.05 |
| Cole County, MO | 0.03 | 1.87 |
| Dickinson County, KS | 0.05 | 0.5 |
By other religion adherents
| Local income tax collected, per 1,000 residents | Other religion adherents | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| New York County, NY | 4776.17 | 19.7 |
| Kings County, NY | 1509.57 | 16.7 |
| Queens County, NY | 1354.27 | 13.6 |
| Caldwell County, MO | 0.11 | 13.3 |
| St. Louis city, MO | 637.07 | 12.9 |
| Lowest | ||
| Sullivan County, PA | 175.07 | 0 |
| Montour County, PA | 602.85 | 0 |
| Forest County, PA | 104.94 | 0 |
| Cameron County, PA | 151.51 | 0 |
| Wyandot County, OH | 722.84 | 0 |
States
By local income tax collected
| Local income tax collected, per 1,000 residents | Other religion adherents | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| District of Columbia | 4535.48 | 7.04 |
| Maryland | 1283.83 | 6.96 |
| New York | 825.62 | 9.76 |
| Ohio | 614.69 | 3.11 |
| Pennsylvania | 501.20 | 3.58 |
| Lowest | ||
| Kansas | 0.34 | 2.76 |
| Alabama | 29.94 | 2.33 |
| Iowa | 38.00 | 2.5 |
| Michigan | 82.98 | 4.35 |
| Missouri | 87.94 | 3.42 |
Metro areas
By local income tax collected
| Local income tax collected, per 1,000 residents | Other religion adherents | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD | 1209.50 | 6.66 |
| Lexington Park, MD | 1137.95 | 2.94 |
| Easton, MD | 1071.60 | 3.15 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV | 1013.61 | 7.78 |
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ | 879.93 | 11.4 |
| Lowest | ||
| Joplin, MO-KS | 0.00 | 3.14 |
| Sikeston, MO | 0.04 | 1.33 |
| Wichita, KS | 0.06 | 3.09 |
| Ottawa, KS | 0.08 | 2.29 |
| McPherson, KS | 0.10 | 0.33 |
By other religion adherents
| Local income tax collected, per 1,000 residents | Other religion adherents | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ | 879.93 | 11.4 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV | 1013.61 | 7.78 |
| Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN | 16.44 | 7.6 |
| Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI | 96.25 | 6.89 |
| Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD | 1209.50 | 6.66 |
| Lowest | ||
| Middlesborough, KY | 156.88 | 0 |
| Greensburg, IN | 131.90 | 0 |
| Auburn, IN | 0.61 | 0 |
| Frankfort, IN | 3.54 | 0.01 |
| Monticello, IN | 295.42 | 0.03 |
Counties furthest from the pattern
Compared with the straight line that best fits all 554 counties: the five with far more other religion adherents than their local income tax collected would suggest, and the five with far less.
| Local income tax collected, per 1,000 residents | Other religion adherents | |
|---|---|---|
| Above the line | ||
| Caldwell County, MO | 0.11 | 13.3 |
| Kings County, NY | 1509.57 | 16.7 |
| St. Louis city, MO | 637.07 | 12.9 |
| Baltimore city, MD | 850.82 | 12.9 |
| Queens County, NY | 1354.27 | 13.6 |
| Below the line | ||
| District of Columbia, DC | 4637.85 | 7.04 |
| Queen Anne's County, MD | 1417.70 | 1.85 |
| Wyandot County, OH | 722.84 | 0 |
| Kent County, MD | 901.38 | 0.58 |
| Caroline County, MD | 657.19 | 0.04 |
Two series, one county
Both measures over time for a county you pick. The two charts are stacked, so they share only the years along the bottom. You can pick from the thirty largest counties reporting both. This panel covers 2010–2024, and a measure published only once shows as a single dot.
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Every version of the link
Each row measures the same link, from −1 to +1, in a different way. If the rows mostly agree, the link does not depend on one choice of method.
| Before adjusting for anything | +0.644 | 554 counties reporting both |
| After adjusting for density, income and education | +0.481 | the part of the link that is not just how urban, rich and educated a place is |
| Also adjusting for population size | +0.469 | size taken out as well as density |
| Also comparing only within each state | +0.349 | each county is compared only with others in its own state, so this is no longer a comparison between states |
| Giving bigger counties more weight | +0.606 | the adjusted link for the average resident rather than the average county. With this weighting, the data counts for about 93 equally weighted counties |
| Middle value inside single states | +0.459 | the link worked out inside each of 8 states with at least 20 counties reporting |
| Using ranks, after adjusting | +0.010 | uses each county’s rank, not its value, so a few extreme counties cannot create the link |
How much to believe it
Could it be chance?
The p-value is the chance of seeing a link this strong if there were really none. A value of 0.05 or less means the link is unlikely to be chance. Very small values are written in short form: 3.1e-16 means 0.00000000000000031, and the bigger the number after “e-”, the smaller the value. Treating every county as a separate case gives p = 3.4e-33. But counties in the same state tend to resemble each other, so the better figure allows for that: p = 5.0e-8. The site tested 20,910 pairs, and testing so many turns up some flukes. The q-value allows for that too. For this pair it is 1.4e-32.
Do nearby places look alike?
Moran’s I measures how much nearby places look alike: 0 means no map pattern, and higher means neighbours are more similar. For the part of each county that the adjustment leaves unexplained, it is +0.13 (p = 0.001). That unexplained part still clusters on the map. So some regional factor shared by both measures is not accounted for.
Did they change together?
Not measurable: at least one of these is published for too few of the years a change needs (2014–2019 or 2019–2023), or for too few counties in both.
Related pairs
- Median home value and Local income tax collected — +0.70
- Share foreign-born and Local income tax collected — +0.46
- Local income tax collected and Mean income of departing households — +0.44
- Mean adjusted gross income per return and Local income tax collected — +0.44
- Arthritis and Local income tax collected — -0.39
- Cancer other than skin cancer and Local income tax collected — -0.35
- Share Asian, not Hispanic and Local income tax collected — +0.35
- Depression and Local income tax collected — -0.32
Association only. Nothing here shows that either measure changes the other. This describes counties, not the people in them. Two measures going together across places does not mean the same people have both. How the US county data works · Explore Local income tax collected and Other religion adherents