Received food stamps and Infant mortality
Across 883 counties, Received food stamps and Infant mortality have a link of +0.55, on a scale from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step). But compare places with the same population density, income and education, and what is left could easily be chance. Most of the first figure came from both measures following how urban, rich and educated a place is, not from a link with each other.
Mostly gone after adjusting
Every place, plotted
One dot for each place reporting both measures. Hover over or tap a dot to see its name and values. The thin line is the straight line that best fits the dots. The bold line, shown for counties, is the link after adjusting for density, income and education. A dot far from the lines is a place that does not follow the pattern.
Loading every place…
What each measure is
Received food stamps
The estimated percentage of adults who received food stamps in the past year. It is adjusted so places with older or younger populations can be compared fairly. It is an estimate from a statistical model, not a direct count from a local survey.
CDC PLACES · PLACES FOODSTAMP, age-adjusted
Infant mortality
Deaths of babies before their first birthday per 1,000 babies born alive.
County Health Rankings · County Health Rankings v129
Highest and lowest
Where each measure is highest and lowest among the places reporting both (2023), with the other measure beside it. This is shown for every size of place where both are published. Metro-area values are added up from their counties. A measure that cannot be added up across counties, such as a middle value (median), has no metro figure. Counts are shown per 1,000 residents, since raw totals would only list the largest places. Cities and towns and ZIP codes are shown where the Census survey or the CDC publishes them; most other sources stop at the county. They are shown for places of 5,000 residents or more, and only where the survey’s margin of error is small enough for the figure to be usable. The CDC publishes its health estimates for cities in a version adjusted for age, so places with older or younger people can be compared fairly, but not for ZIP codes.
Counties
By received food stamps
| Received food stamps | Infant mortality | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| McKinley County, NM | 39.8% | 6.02 |
| Kusilvak Census Area, AK | 38.9% | 20.2 |
| Morehouse Parish, LA | 33.6% | 12.5 |
| Bronx County, NY | 32.4% | 4.89 |
| Dougherty County, GA | 30.9% | 11 |
| Lowest | ||
| Hamilton County, IN | 3.6% | 4.9 |
| Johnson County, KS | 3.8% | 3.92 |
| Hunterdon County, NJ | 4.5% | 3 |
| Boone County, IN | 4.5% | 4.54 |
| Morris County, NJ | 4.7% | 2.87 |
By infant mortality
| Received food stamps | Infant mortality | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Kusilvak Census Area, AK | 38.9% | 20.2 |
| Big Horn County, MT | 23.6% | 15.3 |
| Cheboygan County, MI | 15.7% | 14.6 |
| Banks County, GA | 13.6% | 14.5 |
| Danville city, VA | 29.7% | 13.9 |
| Lowest | ||
| Marin County, CA | 8.5% | 1.57 |
| San Francisco County, CA | 9.6% | 2.65 |
| Placer County, CA | 9.3% | 2.71 |
| Rockingham County, NH | 5.5% | 2.74 |
| Sherburne County, MN | 7.2% | 2.76 |
States — Received food stamps is not published for states
By infant mortality
| Received food stamps | Infant mortality | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Mississippi | — | 8.7 |
| Arkansas | — | 7.78 |
| Louisiana | — | 7.53 |
| Alabama | — | 7.49 |
| West Virginia | — | 7.09 |
| Lowest | ||
| Massachusetts | — | 3.72 |
| New Hampshire | — | 3.82 |
| New Jersey | — | 3.98 |
| Vermont | — | 4.08 |
| California | — | 4.12 |
Metro areas
By received food stamps
| Received food stamps | Infant mortality | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Gallup, NM | 39.8% | 6.02 |
| Lumberton, NC | 30.9% | 9.54 |
| Clarksdale, MS | 30.5% | 10.2 |
| Minden, LA | 30.3% | 12.9 |
| Opelousas, LA | 29.5% | 8.42 |
| Lowest | ||
| Ogden, UT | 5.56% | 5.4 |
| Provo-Orem-Lehi, UT | 5.62% | 5.11 |
| Bismarck, ND | 5.65% | 4.74 |
| Bozeman, MT | 5.8% | 3.38 |
| Salt Lake City-Murray, UT | 6.18% | 5.69 |
By infant mortality
| Received food stamps | Infant mortality | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Forrest City, AR | 24.9% | 13.3 |
| Greenville, MS | 27.9% | 13.1 |
| Minden, LA | 30.3% | 12.9 |
| Natchitoches, LA | 25.5% | 12.2 |
| Kinston, NC | 25.9% | 12 |
| Lowest | ||
| Santa Fe, NM | 11.9% | 2.8 |
| Rexburg, ID | 13.6% | 2.96 |
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA | 8.81% | 3.01 |
| Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA | 11.8% | 3.14 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA | 10.6% | 3.14 |
Cities and towns — Infant mortality is not published for cities and towns
By received food stamps
| Received food stamps | Infant mortality | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Benton Harbor city, MI | 60.4% | — |
| Buena Vista CDP, MI | 58.1% | — |
| Muskegon Heights city, MI | 54.6% | — |
| East Bakersfield CDP, CA | 54.5% | — |
| Tallulah city, LA | 53.9% | — |
| Lowest | ||
| Leawood city, KS | 2.3% | — |
| Short Hills CDP, NJ | 2.4% | — |
| Chatham borough, NJ | 2.4% | — |
| Little Silver borough, NJ | 2.5% | — |
| Fair Haven borough, NJ | 2.6% | — |
Counties furthest from the pattern
Compared with the straight line that best fits all 884 counties: the five with far more infant mortality than their received food stamps would suggest, and the five with far less.
| Received food stamps | Infant mortality | |
|---|---|---|
| Above the line | ||
| Kusilvak Census Area, AK | 38.9% | 20.2 |
| Banks County, GA | 13.6% | 14.5 |
| McKenzie County, ND | 7.9% | 13 |
| Cheboygan County, MI | 15.7% | 14.6 |
| Big Horn County, MT | 23.6% | 15.3 |
| Below the line | ||
| McKinley County, NM | 39.8% | 6.02 |
| Imperial County, CA | 28.7% | 3.56 |
| Bronx County, NY | 32.4% | 4.89 |
| Merced County, CA | 25.6% | 4.12 |
| Kings County, CA | 24.2% | 4.27 |
Two series, one county
Both measures over time for a county you pick. The two charts are stacked, so they share only the years along the bottom. You can pick from the thirty largest counties reporting both. This panel covers 2010–2024, and a measure published only once shows as a single dot.
Loading…
Every version of the link
Each row measures the same link, from −1 to +1, in a different way. If the rows mostly agree, the link does not depend on one choice of method.
| Before adjusting for anything | +0.545 | 883 counties reporting both |
| After adjusting for density, income and education | +0.170 | the part of the link that is not just how urban, rich and educated a place is |
| Also adjusting for population size | +0.216 | size taken out as well as density |
| Also comparing only within each state | +0.338 | each county is compared only with others in its own state, so this is no longer a comparison between states |
| Giving bigger counties more weight | -0.018 | the adjusted link for the average resident rather than the average county. With this weighting, the data counts for about 151 equally weighted counties |
| Middle value inside single states | +0.632 | the link worked out inside each of 19 states with at least 20 counties reporting |
| Using ranks, after adjusting | +0.007 | uses each county’s rank, not its value, so a few extreme counties cannot create the link |
How much to believe it
Could it be chance?
The p-value is the chance of seeing a link this strong if there were really none. A value of 0.05 or less means the link is unlikely to be chance. Very small values are written in short form: 3.1e-16 means 0.00000000000000031, and the bigger the number after “e-”, the smaller the value. Treating every county as a separate case gives p = 3.8e-7. But counties in the same state tend to resemble each other, so the better figure allows for that: p = 0.082. The site tested 20,910 pairs, and testing so many turns up some flukes. The q-value allows for that too. For this pair it is 7.5e-7.
Do nearby places look alike?
Moran’s I measures how much nearby places look alike: 0 means no map pattern, and higher means neighbours are more similar. For the part of each county that the adjustment leaves unexplained, it is +0.27 (p = 0.001). That unexplained part still clusters on the map. So some regional factor shared by both measures is not accounted for.
Did they change together?
Not measurable: at least one of these is published for too few of the years a change needs (2014–2019 or 2019–2023), or for too few counties in both.
Related pairs
- Received food stamps and Material security score — -0.82
- Received food stamps and Average test score — -0.64
- Received food stamps and Returns claiming the earned income credit — +0.63
- Received food stamps and Social connection score — -0.59
- Received food stamps and Children in single-parent households — +0.59
- Received food stamps and Republican share of the two-party vote, 2020 — -0.59
- Received food stamps and Republican share of the two-party vote, 2016 — -0.58
- Received food stamps and Republican share of the two-party vote, 2024 — -0.57
Association only. Nothing here shows that either measure changes the other. This describes counties, not the people in them. Two measures going together across places does not mean the same people have both. How the US county data works · Explore Received food stamps and Infant mortality