Independent-living disability and Homicide rate
Where Independent-living disability is higher, Homicide rate tends to be higher. The link is moderate: +0.57 across 1,078 counties, on a scale from −1 (opposite) to +1 (in step). That figure compares places with the same population density, income and education, so those differences can't explain it. It holds inside states too. Measured separately within each of 20 states, the middle value of the link is +0.59.
Holds after adjusting
Every place, plotted
One dot for each place reporting both measures. Hover over or tap a dot to see its name and values. The thin line is the straight line that best fits the dots. The bold line, shown for counties, is the link after adjusting for density, income and education. A dot far from the lines is a place that does not follow the pattern.
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What each measure is
Independent-living disability
The estimated percentage of adults who report difficulty doing errands alone. It is adjusted so places with older or younger populations can be compared fairly. It is an estimate from a statistical model, not a direct count from a local survey.
CDC PLACES · PLACES INDEPLIVE, age-adjusted
Homicide rate
Deaths recorded as homicide per 100,000 people. It comes from death certificates, not police reports.
County Health Rankings · County Health Rankings v015
Highest and lowest
Where each measure is highest and lowest among the places reporting both (2023), with the other measure beside it. This is shown for every size of place where both are published. Metro-area values are added up from their counties. A measure that cannot be added up across counties, such as a middle value (median), has no metro figure. Counts are shown per 1,000 residents, since raw totals would only list the largest places. Cities and towns and ZIP codes are shown where the Census survey or the CDC publishes them; most other sources stop at the county. They are shown for places of 5,000 residents or more, and only where the survey’s margin of error is small enough for the figure to be usable. The CDC publishes its health estimates for cities in a version adjusted for age, so places with older or younger people can be compared fairly, but not for ZIP codes.
Counties
By independent-living disability
| Independent-living disability | Homicide rate | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Oglala Lakota County, SD | 20.8% | 40.6 |
| Todd County, SD | 19.8% | 24.5 |
| Kusilvak Census Area, AK | 17.6% | 27.7 |
| McKinley County, NM | 16.8% | 20.3 |
| Madison Parish, LA | 16.4% | 30.7 |
| Lowest | ||
| Arlington County, VA | 4.8% | 1.15 |
| Howard County, MD | 4.8% | 3.15 |
| Douglas County, CO | 4.9% | 1.5 |
| Somerset County, NJ | 4.9% | 1.7 |
| Hamilton County, IN | 4.9% | 1.47 |
By homicide rate
| Independent-living disability | Homicide rate | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Phillips County, AR | 14.6% | 57.4 |
| St. Louis city, MO | 10.3% | 50.6 |
| Leflore County, MS | 14.3% | 48.4 |
| Washington County, MS | 13.9% | 46.9 |
| Lowndes County, AL | 15.1% | 46 |
| Lowest | ||
| Morris County, NJ | 5% | 0.658 |
| Rockingham County, NH | 5.6% | 0.827 |
| Davis County, UT | 6.3% | 0.922 |
| Delaware County, OH | 5% | 0.951 |
| York County, ME | 7.1% | 0.958 |
States — Independent-living disability is not published for states
By homicide rate
| Independent-living disability | Homicide rate | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| District of Columbia | — | 23 |
| Mississippi | — | 16 |
| Louisiana | — | 15.9 |
| Alabama | — | 12.7 |
| Missouri | — | 11 |
| Lowest | ||
| New Hampshire | — | 1.52 |
| Maine | — | 1.59 |
| Vermont | — | 2.04 |
| Idaho | — | 2.19 |
| Rhode Island | — | 2.29 |
Metro areas
By independent-living disability
| Independent-living disability | Homicide rate | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Gallup, NM | 16.8% | 20.3 |
| Clarksdale, MS | 14.6% | 33.1 |
| Greenville, MS | 13.9% | 46.9 |
| Lumberton, NC | 13.9% | 27.7 |
| Rio Grande City-Roma, TX | 13.8% | 4.41 |
| Lowest | ||
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA | 5.48% | 2.46 |
| Boulder, CO | 5.8% | 2.24 |
| Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA | 5.94% | 3.95 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV | 6.15% | 6.51 |
| Burlington-South Burlington, VT | 6.16% | 1.65 |
By homicide rate
| Independent-living disability | Homicide rate | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Greenville, MS | 13.9% | 46.9 |
| Selma, AL | 13.8% | 41.5 |
| Greenwood, MS | 13.4% | 40.9 |
| Pine Bluff, AR | 11.5% | 37.3 |
| Clarksdale, MS | 14.6% | 33.1 |
| Lowest | ||
| Portland-South Portland, ME | 6.85% | 1.07 |
| Provo-Orem-Lehi, UT | 6.52% | 1.22 |
| Iowa City, IA | 6.69% | 1.41 |
| Barnstable Town, MA | 6.4% | 1.44 |
| Wausau, WI | 7.5% | 1.47 |
Cities and towns — Homicide rate is not published for cities and towns
By independent-living disability
| Independent-living disability | Homicide rate | |
|---|---|---|
| Highest | ||
| Benton Harbor city, MI | 19.7% | — |
| New Square village, NY | 19.6% | — |
| Tallulah city, LA | 19.3% | — |
| Buena Vista CDP, MI | 19.3% | — |
| Glasgow Village CDP, MO | 19.3% | — |
| Lowest | ||
| Short Hills CDP, NJ | 3.4% | — |
| Princeton Meadows CDP, NJ | 3.4% | — |
| Belle Mead CDP, NJ | 3.4% | — |
| Fulton CDP, MD | 3.5% | — |
| Cupertino city, CA | 3.6% | — |
Counties furthest from the pattern
Compared with the straight line that best fits all 1,079 counties: the five with far more homicide rate than their independent-living disability would suggest, and the five with far less.
| Independent-living disability | Homicide rate | |
|---|---|---|
| Above the line | ||
| St. Louis city, MO | 10.3% | 50.6 |
| Phillips County, AR | 14.6% | 57.4 |
| Baltimore city, MD | 9.6% | 45.5 |
| Orleans Parish, LA | 9.7% | 40.6 |
| Petersburg city, VA | 12% | 46 |
| Below the line | ||
| Starr County, TX | 13.8% | 4.41 |
| Webster Parish, LA | 13.5% | 6.02 |
| DeKalb County, AL | 11.7% | 3.39 |
| Logan County, WV | 13.2% | 7.52 |
| Hidalgo County, TX | 11.5% | 3.61 |
Two series, one county
Both measures over time for a county you pick. The two charts are stacked, so they share only the years along the bottom. You can pick from the thirty largest counties reporting both. This panel covers 2010–2024, and a measure published only once shows as a single dot.
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Every version of the link
Each row measures the same link, from −1 to +1, in a different way. If the rows mostly agree, the link does not depend on one choice of method.
| Before adjusting for anything | +0.677 | 1,078 counties reporting both |
| After adjusting for density, income and education | +0.574 | the part of the link that is not just how urban, rich and educated a place is |
| Also adjusting for population size | +0.557 | size taken out as well as density |
| Also comparing only within each state | +0.538 | each county is compared only with others in its own state, so this is no longer a comparison between states |
| Giving bigger counties more weight | +0.440 | the adjusted link for the average resident rather than the average county. With this weighting, the data counts for about 202 equally weighted counties |
| Middle value inside single states | +0.594 | the link worked out inside each of 20 states with at least 20 counties reporting |
| Using ranks, after adjusting | +0.400 | uses each county’s rank, not its value, so a few extreme counties cannot create the link |
How much to believe it
Could it be chance?
The p-value is the chance of seeing a link this strong if there were really none. A value of 0.05 or less means the link is unlikely to be chance. Very small values are written in short form: 3.1e-16 means 0.00000000000000031, and the bigger the number after “e-”, the smaller the value. Treating every county as a separate case gives p = 3.6e-95. But counties in the same state tend to resemble each other, so the better figure allows for that: p = 7.2e-11. The site tested 20,910 pairs, and testing so many turns up some flukes. The q-value allows for that too. For this pair it is 2.9e-94.
Do nearby places look alike?
Moran’s I measures how much nearby places look alike: 0 means no map pattern, and higher means neighbours are more similar. For the part of each county that the adjustment leaves unexplained, it is +0.28 (p = 0.001). That unexplained part still clusters on the map. So some regional factor shared by both measures is not accounted for.
Did they change together?
Not measurable: at least one of these is published for too few of the years a change needs (2014–2019 or 2019–2023), or for too few counties in both.
Related pairs
- Independent-living disability and Material security score — -0.80
- Share Black, not Hispanic and Homicide rate — +0.74
- Stroke and Homicide rate — +0.72
- Threat of utility shut-off and Homicide rate — +0.71
- Independent-living disability and Returns claiming the earned income credit — +0.70
- Homicide rate and Children in single-parent households — +0.69
- Lack of reliable transportation and Homicide rate — +0.68
- Independent-living disability and Homicide rate, annual — +0.68
Association only. Nothing here shows that either measure changes the other. This describes counties, not the people in them. Two measures going together across places does not mean the same people have both. How the US county data works · Explore Independent-living disability and Homicide rate